Omusaayi kye ki? (Omusaayi) Ka twogere ku nsonga eno mu bujjuvu!

Obadde okimanyi nti omusaayi kintu kya muwendo nnyo mu mubiri gwaffe, ng’ensulo y’obulamu, ekulukuta buli kiseera era nga eyamba buli kimu mu mubiri gwo okukola obulungi? Wadde omusaayi gusinga kuba gwa mazzi, gubeera mugonvu okusinga amazzi kubanga gulimu obutoffaali ne puloteyina. Okubeera omutuufu, omusaayi gukola omulimu munene okukuuma emibiri gyaffe nga miramu.

Ddala kiki ekituuka ku musaayi?

Omusaayi ogukulukuta mu misuwa gyo gukola omulimu ogw’ekitalo ddala. Lowooza ku ngeri ebintu bino ebitonotono gye bisobola okukolamu.

• Omusaayi gutambuza omukka gwa oxygen n'ebiriisa mu mubiri gwo gwonna .
• Bw’oba ​​ofunye obuvune awalala n’ovaamu omusaayi, kiyamba okufuga omusaayi nga kikola ebizimba by’omusaayi .
• Omubiri gwo gulwana nnyo okwekuuma obuwuka ne virus.
• Omusaayi era guyamba okuggyamu ebisasiro by’atayagala ebikuŋŋaana munda mu mubiri.
• Omusaayi nagwo mukulu mu kutereeza ebbugumu ly'omubiri gwo .

Ebitundu by’omusaayi bye biruwa?

Mu ngeri ennyangu, omusaayi mulimu ebitundu bina ebikulu. Buli kimu ku bitundu bino kirina omulimu ogw’enjawulo.

1. Obutoffaali obumyufu

2. Obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obweru

3. Ebiwuka ebiyitibwa platelets

4. Plasma (Ekikula ky’omubiri).

Obutoffaali obumyufu ne plasma bye bikola omusaayi gwo ogusinga obungi. Bwe bigattibwa awamu, obutoffaali obweru n’obutoffaali obuyitibwa platelets bikola ebitundu ebitakka wansi wa 1% ku musaayi gwo. Oluusi okutabula kw’ebibiri bino kuyitibwa ‘buffy coat’.

Obutoffaali obumyufu (Erythrocytes) kye ki?

Kati katutunuulire obutoffaali buno obumyufu, oba ng’abasawo bwe babuyita, ``Erythrocytes.`` Omusaayi gwo ogusinga obungi, nga 45%, gukolebwa obutoffaali buno obumyufu.

• Obutoffaali buno bufuna langi yabwo emmyufu ey’enjawulo okuva mu puloteyina eyitibwa hemoglobin. Hemoglobin eno eyamba obutoffaali obumyufu okutwala omukka gwa oxygen mu butoffaali obulala okufuna amaanyi.
• Ekyewuunyisa kiri nti obutoffaali buno obumyufu busobola n’okuyingira mu misuwa emitono ennyo, emisuwa, n’emisuwa gy’enkola yo ey’okutambula kw’omusaayi.
• Naye obutoffaali buno obumyufu buwangaala butono. Ziwangaala ennaku nga 120 era ne zikyusibwamu obutoffaali obupya.

Kiki ekituuka ku butoffaali obweru (leukocytes)?

Obutoffaali obweru, oba `(Leukocytes),` bukola ebitundu ebitakka wansi wa 1% ku musaayi gwo. Naye be baserikale abakulu ba `(Immune system) yo.` Omulabe nga akawuka, obuwuka, oba akawuka ka kookolo bwe kalumba omubiri, obutoffaali buno obweru bwe bufubutuka okubunoonya n'okubusaanyaawo. Obutoffaali obweru nabwo busobola okuva mu misuwa okutuuka mu bitundu by’omubiri. Obutoffaali buno obweru bulina ebika bitaano:

• Neutrophils: Zino zitta obuwuka ne ffene, ate era ziggyamu kasasiro okuva ebweru.
• Lymphocytes: Zino mulimu obutoffaali bwa T, obutoffaali obutta obutonde, n’obutoffaali bwa B. Zikuuma obulwadde bw’akawuka era zikola obutoffaali obuziyiza endwadde okulwanyisa yinfekisoni.
• Basophils: Zino zikola ku bintu ebivaako alergy.
• Eosinophils: Noonya n’okusaanyaawo obuwuka obusirikitu n’obutoffaali bwa kookolo, era oyamba basophils mu kuddamu alergy.
• Monocytes: Noonya era ne zisaanyaawo akawuka, bakitiriya, ffene, ne protozoa. Era ziggyawo obutoffaali obwonooneddwa.

Omulimu gwa platelets (Thrombocytes) .

Singa omusuwa gwo gumu gwonoonese n’otandika okuvaamu omusaayi, ekisookera ddala okutaasa ye platelets zino (thrombocytes). Platelets zikola ebizimba by’omusaayi, ebiziba omusuwa ogwonooneddwa ne guziyiza omusaayi omungi okukulukuta okuva mu mubiri.

• Bino bikola ebitundu ebitakka wansi wa 1% ku musaayi gwo, naye mu ttonsi limu ery’omusaayi gwo mulimu enkumi n’enkumi z’obutoffaali obukola omusaayi.
• Zifuna erinnya lyazo "platelets" olw'engeri gye zikola mu musaayi. Platelets kye kitundu ekisinga okubeera ekiweweevu mu musaayi. Zikoleddwa ng’obupande, nga zisibye ku bisenge by’emisuwa, obutoffaali bwa pulasima n’obutoffaali obulala mwe bukulukuta.
• Platelets zirina ekizigo kya puloteyina ezikwatagana nga okufaananako Velcro®, ziziyamba okunywerera ku misuwa egyamenyese.

Plasma kye ki?

Obutoffaali bwo obumyufu, obutoffaali obweru, n’obutoffaali obuyitibwa platelets byonna bitengejja mu plasma. Plasma mazzi ga kyenvu agakola ebitundu nga 55% ku musaayi gwo. Plasma eringa multi-tasker mu musaayi gwo, eyamba omubiri gwo okukola ebintu bingi. Bino bye bimu ku bintu plasma by’ekola:

• Ayamba omusaayi okuzimba n’okukuuma abalumbaganyi.
• Obusimu butambuza ebiriisa ne puloteyina mu bitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo ne biyamba mu kuwaanyisiganya omukka gwa oxygen ne carbon dioxide.
• Aggyamu ebisasiro mu butoffaali n’abitwala mu kibumba kyo, amawuggwe n’ensigo okusuula.
• Akuuma puleesa yo n’entambula y’omusaayi.
• Etereeza ebbugumu ly’omubiri ng’enyiga n’okufulumya ebbugumu.

Ebika by’omusaayi bye biruwa?

Ffenna tetulina musaayi gwe gumu, nedda? Waliwo ebika by’omusaayi ebikulu bina. Ebika bino byawukana okusinziira ku oba waliwo antigens ezimu mu musaayi oba nedda. Antigens bintu ebireetera abaserikale b’omubiri gwo okuddamu. Okumanya ekika ky’omusaayi kikulu nnyo mu mbeera ey’amangu.

Omusaayi gukolebwa wa? Kisangibwa wa mu mubiri?

Omusaayi kintu ekikulukuta mu mubiri gwo gwonna. Naye omusaayi guno gutandika okutondebwa mu magumba go.Obusigo bw’amagumba bubaamu ekika ky’obutoffaali obw’enjawulo obuyitibwa stem cells. Obutoffaali buno obuyitibwa stem cells buvaamu obuwumbi n’obuwumbi bw’obutoffaali, nga mw’otwalidde n’obutoffaali bw’omusaayi. Obutoffaali bw’omusaayi bukula ne bukula mu busimu bw’amagumba nga tebunnakuŋŋaanyizibwa mu misuwa. Ekyo si kyewuunyisa? Omusaayi gukola ebitundu nga 8% ku buzito bw'omubiri gwo .

Endwadde ki ezitera okukwata omusaayi?

Ebyembi, omusaayi gwaffe era gusobola okufuna endwadde ez’enjawulo. Waliwo ebibinja by’endwadde ebikulu bisatu ebikosa omusaayi: kookolo w’omusaayi, endwadde ezikosa enkola y’omusaayi (obuzibu mu musaayi), n’okuzimba emisuwa, obulwadde bw’emisuwa gy’omutima. Ku bino, kookolo w’omusaayi n’obuzibu mu musaayi bye bisinga okukosa obulamu bw’omusaayi.

Kookolo w’omusaayi

Kookolo w’omusaayi abaawo ng’ekintu ekitaataaganya enkola y’okukola obutoffaali bw’omusaayi mu mubiri gwo. Mu muntu alina kookolo w’omusaayi, obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obutali bwa bulijjo bukula ne buziba obutoffaali bw’omusaayi obwa bulijjo era obulungi. Kookolo w’omusaayi alina ebika bisatu ebikulu:

• Leukemia: Kino kye kika kya kookolo w’omusaayi ekisinga okubeerawo.
• Lymphoma: Ono kookolo w’enkola yo ey’amazzi. Obusigo bwo obw’amagumba obukola obutoffaali bw’omusaayi nagwo kitundu kya nkola ya lymphatic system.
• Myeloma: Kino kitandikira mu busimu bw’amagumba ne kikosa obutoffaali bwo mu plasma.

Ebizibu ebirala eby’omusaayi

Zino mbeera ezitali za kookolo, naye ziyinza okuvaako ebitundu by’omusaayi gwo eby’enjawulo obutakola bulungi mirimu gyabyo. Mu bino mulimu okukendeera kw’omusaayi, obuzibu mu kuzimba omusaayi, n’obuzibu bw’okuvaamu omusaayi.

Endwadde z’omusaayi ezimu ziyinza obutalaga bubonero bwonna era ziyinza obuteetaagisa bujjanjabi. Ebirala ndwadde za bulamu bwonna ``ezitawona'' ezeetaaga okujjanjabibwa, naye ebiseera ebisinga tezikosa bulamu busuubirwa. Kyokka endwadde ezimu ez’omusaayi za maanyi nnyo era ziyinza okutta omuntu.

Abasawo bajjanjaba endwadde zino ez’omusaayi nga bafuga obubonero n’okujjanjaba endwadde ezisibukako.

Okubulwa omusaayi mu musaayi

Okukendeera kw’omusaayi bwe bulwadde bw’omusaayi obutali bwa kookolo obusinga okubeerawo. Kibaawo ng’omubiri gwo tegulina butoffaali bumyufu bulamu bumala. Abantu abamu bayinza okuba n’obulwadde bw’okubulwa omusaayi obuddukira mu maka gaabwe, naye era busobola okukula mu bulamu bwabwe. Waliwo ebika by’obulwadde bw’okukendeera kw’omusaayi bingi. Ebimu ku bisinga okumanyibwa bye bino:

• Okukendeera kw’omusaayi olw’obutaba na kyuma
• Okukendeera kw’omusaayi okw’obulabe
• Okukendeera kw’omusaayi mu sickle cell

Obuzibu mu kuzimba omusaayi

Obuzibu bw’okuzimba omusaayi bukosa oba platelets zo oba ensonga zo ezizimba. Ensonga ezizimba omusaayi ze puloteyina eziri mu musaayi gwo eziyamba obutoffaali obukola omusaayi okufuga omusaayi. Osobola okufuna obuzibu bw’okuzimba omusaayi ng’okyali muto, oba oyinza okubusikira ng’oyita mu buzibu bw’obuzaale.

Enkyukakyuka mu buzaale bwa Prothrombin ne Factor V Leiden syndrome bye byokulabirako by’obuzibu bw’okuzimba omusaayi obusikira. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) ne disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) bye byokulabirako by’obuzibu bw’okuzimba omusaayi obutandika oluvannyuma.

Obuzibu bw’okuvaamu omusaayi

Obuzibu bw’okuvaamu omusaayi bubaawo ng’omusaayi gwo teguzimba mu ngeri ya bulijjo. Kino kiyinza okukuleetera okuvaamu omusaayi ogusukka ku gwa bulijjo. Obulwadde bwa Von Willebrand bwe buzibu obusinga okuvaamu omusaayi mu Amerika. Obulwadde bwa Hemophilia mbeera ndala etali ya bulijjo, ey’obusika.

Omusaayi gwo kya mugaso nnyo. Bulijjo kilabirira omubiri gwo, kiyamba buli kimu okukola obulungi.

Ekintu ekisinga obukulu kye tuyinza okuyigira ku bino byonna (Take-Home Message)

Ddala omusaayi gwo gwewuunyisa, si bwe kiri? Kitwala omukka gwa oxygen mu butoffaali bwo okukola amaanyi. Kikuuma omubiri gwo okuva ku balabe ab’ebweru. Kifuga okuvaamu omusaayi singa ofuna obuvune. Osobola okulabirira omusaayi gwo, naye oluusi tosobola kwewala ndwadde ezikosa omusaayi. Ekirungi, abasawo leero basobola okujjanjaba endwadde nnyingi ez’amaanyi ez’omusaayi, omuli leukemia n’obuzibu obulala obw’omusaayi. N’olwekyo, bw’olaba enkyukakyuka yonna mu musaayi gwo oba obubonero bwonna obutali bwa bulijjo, kirungi n’ogenda amangu ddala ew’abasawo. Okusobola okusigala nga tuli balamu bulungi, kikulu okumanya amazzi gano ag’ekyewuunyo agali munda mu mibiri gyaffe.

` Omusaayi, omusaayi, obutoffaali obumyufu, obutoffaali obweru, platelets, plasma, endwadde z’omusaayi