Oral cancer i nei tih i hria em? Kan sawi dawn nia!

Oral cancer tih hi i hre tawh em? A hming i hriat khan i hlauthawng deuh a ni mai thei. Amaherawhchu, hei hi hriatthiamna chiang tak neih a pawimawh hle. A chhan chu a hmaa hriatchhuah a nih chuan enkawl a awlsam zawk a, a tam zawkin a tidam thei bawk. Chuvangin, vawiinah hian he hmui cancer chungchang hi chipchiar takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Oral cancer chu eng nge ni? Tuin nge dawng?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, oral cancer hi i hmui chhunga cancer chi khat, i hmui lining-a lo awm thin a ni. Hengte hi a chang chuan harsatna pangngai ang maiin a lang thei a, i hmuiah emaw, i hmui chhungah emaw hmun var emaw, thisen chhuak hliam emaw a awm thei bawk. Mahse a danglamna chu heng inthlak danglamna te hi a dam lo va, a awm reng bawk. Enkawl loh chuan hmui cancer hi i hmui leh i kawr chhung zawng zawngah a darh thei a, i lu leh kawr hmun dangah pawh a darh thei bawk. Statistics atanga a lan dan chuan oral cavity cancer vei zinga 63% vel chu an hmuhchhuah atanga kum nga hnuah an dam chhuak a ni.

Tunah chuan tute nge hmui cancer vei tam ber tih i lo en ang u. A vaiin mi sang za zinga mi sawm leh pakhat vel chuan an dam chhungin he natna hi an nei thei a ni. A tam zawkah chuan hmeichhia aiin mipain an vei tam zawk. Tin, mipa hring aiin mipa hringte hian he cancer chi hi an vei tam zawk niin an sawi bawk.

Engtin nge hmui cancer hian taksa a nghawng?

Oral cancer hian khawiah nge a nghawng tak tak? A bik takin i hmui leh i rilru hmun thenkhat. Damdawi lam hawi chuan ‘oral cavity’ (`(oral cavity)`) leh ‘(oropharynx)` an tih hmunte a nghawng a ni. Oropharynx (`(oropharynx)`) hi i hmui zau taka i hawn hian i hmui lai tak, lei thenkhat leh i hmui chunglam thenkhat i hmu thei a ni. Chutah chuan cancer a lo awm chuan `(oropharyngeal cancer)` kan ti thin. Mahse he thuziak-ah hian ka chhunga cancer lo awm, chu chu `(oral cavity)`-a lo awm thin chungchang kan sawi belh dawn a ni.

Oral cavity chhunga hmun hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Chuti a nih chuan ``oral cavity`` kan tih hian eng thil nge a nih? Ngaihtuah teh...

• I hmui chu.
• I gums te chu.
• I hmui chhunga vun (``i hmui chhung lam lining'' kan ti thin).
• I lei hmalam hmun thuma ṭhena hmun hnih.
• I hmui hnuai (chu chu i lei hnuai lam a ni).
• I hmui chunglam atanga a hmasa ber.
• Ha hnuhnung pahnih hnunglam (`(wisdom teeth)`).

Oral cancer hi engte nge ni?

Okay, tunah chuan oral cancer hi engtin nge a awm tih kan en ang. A awlsam zawngin kan hmuiah hian cell chi khat ``squamous cells'' tih kan nei a. Hengte hi microscope hmanga en chuan sangha zung ang maia lang, flat cell an ni. Cancer cells te hi chu ``squamous cells'' pangngai ``DNA'' a inthlak a, chu cell te chu thunun theih lohvin an lo thang lian a, an inthen tan ta a ni. Hun a kal zel a, heng cancer cell te hi ka chhung hmun dangah a darh thei a, chutah chuan lu leh kawng dangah te, taksa peng dangah te pawh a darh thei bawk.

Risk tipungtu tih dan leh a chhan

Oral cancer vei theihna tipungtu thil tih dan leh thil engemaw tak a awm. Oral cancer vei zinga 75% chu heng thilte nen hian an inzawm tih i hria em:

• Cigarette, cigar, leh pipe ang chi thil zuk.
• Zuk leh hmuam che, betel hnah nena zuk leh hmuam hman, leh ``hookah'' emaw ``shisha'' ang chi thil hman te.
• Zu in nasa lutuk fo thin.
• Ni chhuahnaah rei tak awmin hmui venna engmah nei lovin (entir nan, ``sunblock'' pawh hmang lovin).
• Virus ``Human Papillomavirus`` emaw ``HPV`` emaw kai a nih chuan.
• Chhungkaw pakhata hmui cancer vei tawh (i.e., hereditary link).

Mahse, oral cancer vei zinga 25% vel chuan zu an in lo va, risk factor dang an nei lo tih hriat reng a pawimawh bawk. Chuvangin kan zavaia tan he thil hi kan hriat chian a tha.

Oral cancer symptoms te chu engte nge ni?

Tunah chuan oral cancer symptoms kan en ang u. A châng chuan hengte hi hmui lama harsatna pangngai nen pawh a inthlau thei. Entirnan, i hmui chhungah hian i hmui dum i hmu thei a, chu chu i hrual thei lo. Hengte hi cancer hmaa awm thei a ni bawk.

Hetiang chiah hian hmui leh kawchhungah hian chi hrang hrang a lang a, a rawng pawh a inang lo hle:

• Leukoplakia: Hengte hi a var emaw, a dum emaw, a flat spot a ni.
• Erythroplakia: Hengte hi a sen, a chang chuan a sang deuh emaw, a flat patch emaw a ni. An hrual chuan thisen an chhuak thei.
• Erythroleukoplakia: Hengte hi patch sen leh var inzawmkhawm a ni.

Tin, a hnuaia mite hi hmui cancer lan chhuah dan tlangpui an ni:

• I hmuiah emaw, i ka chhungah emaw hliam i neih chuan thisen chhuak awlsam a, kar hnih hnuah pawh a dam lo.
• Thil, hmui, hmui, hmui chhunga hmun hrual, leh peeling awmna hmun te.
• Ka chhungril atanga chhan hriat loha thisen chhuak a awm chuan.
• I hmai, i kawng emaw, i hmui chhungah emaw chhan hriat loha rilru hahna, natna emaw, kang emaw i neih chuan.
• Chew, ei harsa, tawng harsa i neih chuan, i hmui a na a, i lei chet harsa i tih chuan.
• Beisei loh taka i taksa rihna i tihtlem chuan (`(Unintentional weight loss)`).
• Beng na tak a ni.
• I thawkrim reng (`(Chronic bad breath)`) i neih chuan.

Engtin nge hmui cancer hi hmuhchhuah a nih?

Ha enkawltu hnenah i kal fo chuan i check-up dan pangngaiah hmui cancer chhinchhiahna a awm leh awm loh a enfiah thei a ni. Hei hi a rinhlelh chuan test bulpui thenkhat a ti thei a, emaw, oral leh maxillofacial surgeon (`(Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon)`) emaw lu leh kawr surgeon (`(Head and Neck Surgeon)`) emaw hnenah a refer thei che a ni. Heng specialist te hi beng, hnar leh ril specialist (`(ENT specialists)`) an ti bawk.

Oral cancer hriat theihna atana test hman ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Taksa enfiahna: I doctor chuan i ka chhung lam a en ang a, i hmui pawh a hre thei bawk. Tin, i lu, i hmai leh i kawr cancer emaw precancerous conditions emaw a awm leh awm loh an enfiah bawk ang.
• Brush biopsy (scrape biopsy emaw exfoliative cytology an ti bawk): Doctor chuan brush emaw spatula te tak te hmangin rinhlelhna hmun atanga cell tlemte chu zawi zawiin a scrap chhuak thin. Chumi hnuah chuan cell te chu cancer an nih leh nih loh an enfiah leh thin.
• Incisional biopsy: Hemiah hian doctor chuan rinhlelhna hmun atanga tissue chi khat a la chhuak a, cell te chu cancer an nih leh nih loh a test thin.
• Indirect laryngoscopy leh pharyngoscopy: Doctor chuan i rilru, i lei bul leh i larynx (voice box) thenkhat a en theih nan, kut sei tak, a chungah darthlalang te tak te dahin a hmang thin.
• Direct (flexible) pharyngoscopy leh laryngoscopy: A chang chuan endoscope hmangin scope hmanga hmuh theih loh ril leh ka chhung thuk tak chu an en thin. Endoscope chu tube te tak te, flexible tak a ni a, a hma lamah light leh lens a awm a.

Oral cancer stage hrang hrang a awm em?

Ni e, a dik tak zet. Heng test te hian cancer stage (`stage`) hriat theih nan a pui thin. Stage tih hian cancer awmna hmun, eng chen nge a darh tawh tih leh a bul tanna hmun piah lama a darh tawh em tih a kawk a ni. Heng test te hian cancer hi taksa peng dangah a darh tawh em tih pawh an en thin.

Doctor-te chuan he stage chungchanga information hmangin enkawlna ruahmanna siamin, dam leh theihna chance an sawi lawk a ni.

Oral cancer hi TNM system hmanga thliar hran a ni.

• Letter T hian primary tumor lian tham leh awmna hmun a kawk a ni.
• Letter N hian tumor chu lymph node-ah a darh tawh em tih a tarlang a.
• Letter M hian tumor chu taksa hmun hla tak takah a darh tawh em tih a tarlang a (metastasized).

Oral cavity cancer stage hrang hrangte chu hetiang hi a ni tlangpui.

• TI: Ka chhunga tumor hi centimetre 2 aia tlem lo a ni.
• T2: Tumor hi centimetre 2 aia lian a ni a, mahse centimetre 4 aia lian a ni lo.
• T3: Tumor hi centimetre 4 aia lian a ni.

Engtin nge hmui cancer hi enkawl a nih?

Kawng cancer enkawlna kawng pathum a awm a, chungte chu: operation, radiation therapy, leh chemotherapy . I duhthlan tur zawng zawng te, an side effect te, leh a enkawl dan tur te chu i doctor nen in sawipui tur a ni.

Doctor chuan enkawlna tur a rawt hmain thil engemaw zat a ngaihtuah hmasa thin. Chung zingah chuan:

• Eng ang oral cancer nge i neih?
• I cancer hi a bul tanna atanga i hmui leh i rilru hmun dangah emaw, i taksa hmun dangah emaw a darh tawh em tih pawh.
• I hriselna tlangpui.
• i kum zat.

Oral cancer tan hian eng surgery nge tih thin?

Oral cancer enkawlna atana surgery tih tam berte chu:

• Primary tumor surgery: Doctor-te chuan ka chhunga incision emaw, kawr chhunga emaw incision hmangin tumor hi an la chhuak thin.
• Glossectomy: Hei hian lei thenkhat emaw, a pum emaw lakchhuah a ni.
• Jawbone surgery (Mandibular surgery): Hei hi jawbone-a cancer a awm chuan surgery tih a ni.
• Maxillectomy: He surgery hian hmui chunglam (ka chunglam ruh nei, palate tia hriat bawk) thenkhat emaw, a zawng zawng emaw a paih chhuak thin.
• Sentinel lymph node biopsy: He test hmang hian doctor-te chuan cancer hi a awmna hmun piah lamah a darh tawh em tih an hre thei a ni.
• Neck dissection: He surgery hi kawr chhunga lymph node awmte paih chhuah nan an ti thin.
• Reconstruction: Tissue tam tak lak chhuah tumin operation an tih hnuah, tumor awmna hmun luah khat tur emaw, taksa peng hrang hrang, hmui, lei, hmui emaw, hmui emaw siam thar leh nan emaw, reconstructive surgery tih theih a ni. A châng chuan, he siam ṭhat lehna hian taksa peng dang aṭanga ruh leh tissue hrisel tak tak lak a ngai ṭhin.

Enkawlna dang

Doctor-te chuan enkawlna dang pawh an hmang thei a, chu chu operation nena inzawm emaw, a hranpa emaw pawh ni se.

• Radiation therapy: Hei hian high-energy beam hmangin cancer cell te chu a that emaw, an thanlenna tur a titawp emaw a ni. I doctor chuan radiation therapy hi enkawlna dang nen a hmang dun thei a ni.
• Targeted therapy: Hetiang cancer enkawlna chi hi damdawi emaw thil dang emaw hmangin cancer cell chi hrang hrang hriatchhuah leh beih nan cell pangngai tichhe lovin a bei thin. Monoclonal antibodies hi immune system protein laboratory-a siam a ni. Cancer enkawl nan an hmang thin.
• Chemotherapy: Doctor chuan cancer cells that nan anticancer damdawi a hmang thei a. He enkawlna hian taksa peng tam tak a nghawng a ni.
• Immunotherapy: Hei hi cancer dona atana mahni immune system hmanga enkawlna a ni. A chang chuan biological therapy an ti bawk.

Oral cancer ven nan eng nge tih theih ang?

Oral cancer hi ven theih a ni. Chutah pawh active takin i thawhhlawk thei bawk. Heng tips te hi zawm hian oral cancer venna atan a pui ang che:

• Zuk leh hmuam (cigarette, beedis), zuk leh hmuam i ei emaw, tui pipe i hman emaw chuan tihtawp emaw, tihtlem emaw tum ang che. I doctor nen meizuk bânsan programme chungchang sawipui rawh.
• Zu i in chuan a tlem berah in tur a ni.
• Ni chhuahna hmuna i chhuah dawnin i hmai leh hmui atan ``UV-AB-blocking sunscreen'' hman theihnghilh suh.
• `(Human Papillomavirus - HPV)` laka vaccine lak thin ang che.
• Ei leh in inthlau tak ei rawh.
• Ha enfiah fo thin ang che. Kum 20 leh 40 inkar tan kum thum danah vawi khat tal oral cancer check-up neih a tha a, kum 40 hnuah kum tin check-up neih a tha bawk.

Keimah ngeiin oral cancer ka vei em tih ka hre thei ang em?

Oral cancer hi a hmaa hriatchhuah a nih chuan a thanna emaw, a darh zel emaw chu a tikhawtlai thei a ni.

Thla tin i hmui self-examination i ti thei a ni. Chutianga i tih laiin thil danglam emaw, thil danglam emaw i hmuh chuan ha enkawltu hnenah hmu nghal rawh. I hmui, i rilru leh i kawr i hmui cancer chhinchhiahna a awm leh awm loh enfiah dan tur chu hetiang hi a ni:

• I hmui, i hmui hmalam leh i hmui chunglam chu hre rawh.
• I kawr leh i hnungzang hnuaiah lumps emaw, lymph node hring emaw a awm tih hre rawh.
• Darthlalang hmaa hmun eng tha takah kal la, i kâ chhung lam chu en rawh.
• I lu chu hnunglam hawiin i hmui chunglam chu en rawh.
• A hmui chu la chhuak la, hmui chhung lam, hmui chhunga vun, leh a hnung lama hmui awmte chu en rawh.
• I lei chu chhuah la, a chung, a hnuai leh a sir lam chu en rawh. Zawi zawiin i lei chu hnunglam hawiin i hmui hnuai lam chu en rawh.

Oral cancer ka neih chuan eng nge ka beisei theih ang?

Oral cancer hi ka chhunga cancer chi khat a ni. Cancer tam tak ang bawkin, a hmaa hriatchhuah leh enkawl hian hmui cancer darh zelna a tikhawtlai thei a ni. Oral cancer enkawl tawh zinga hmun thuma ṭhena hmun khat vel chuan cancer thar an nei dawn a ni. Oral cancer enkawl i nih chuan i doctor nen follow-up examination chungchang sawipui rawh.

Enkawlna zawh hnuah eng nge thleng?

Oral cancer enkawlna i zawh hnuah i doctor chuan i enkawlna bik chuan i nitin nun a nghawng dan tur a hrilh ang che.

Entirnan, hmui cancer vei thenkhat chu hmui emaw ka atanga tumor lakchhuah hmangin hlawhtling takin an enkawl thei a ni. Mahse, mi pakhatin cancer a darh tawh chuan operation danglam tak, zau zawka tih a ngai mai thei a, a hmui emaw, a hmui emaw hmun ṭhenkhat pawh siam ṭhat leh a ngai mai thei.

I dinhmun chu eng pawh ni se, i doctor te, i dentist telin, check-up (`(follow-up appointment)`) neihpui fo a ngai dawn a ni.

Engtikah nge doctor i hmuh ang?

I hmuiah danglamna i hmuh chuan – hliam thar kar hnih hnua a dam lo, rough patches, etc. – doctor pan nghal rawh. A pawimawh hle mai. I hriat hmasak poh leh enkawlna a hlawhtling ngei ang.

Doctor hnenah eng zawhna nge ka zawh ang?

I doctor zawh theih zawhna tlanglawn thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Cancer hmaa hmui cancer leh hmui cancer hi eng nge an danglamna?
• Ka dinhmun hi hun eng emaw chen chauh a ni em, a rei lo em ni?
• Cancer ka vei chhan chu eng nge ni thei ang?
• Eng ang test nge ka tih a ngai dawn a, engtin nge an tih thin?
• Enkawlna tha ber chu eng nge ni?
• I hmanraw bulpui ber ai chuan eng nge tih danglam theih ang?
• Surgery ka neih a ngai a nih chuan reconstructive surgery pawh ka neih a ngai dawn em ni?
• Specialist ka hmuh tur em ni? Engzat nge a sen ang a, ka insurance hian a cover dawn em ni?
• Ka natna lan chhuah dan tihtlem nan eng nge ka tih theih ang?
• Enkawlna leh dam lehna kawnga pui turin eng nunphung tihdanglamna nge ka tih theih ang?

I hriat reng tur pawimawh ber chu! (In lama hruai tur thuchah)

Oral cancer hi natna khirh tak ni mah se, a hmaa hriat chhuah a nih chuan hlawhtling taka enkawl theih a ni.

Chuvang chuan kum khatah vawi hnih tal dentist hmuh a pawimawh a, thla khatah vawi khat tal nangmah ngeiin i hmui enfiah a pawimawh. Oral cancer laka inven dan tur a awm. Chung zinga pawimawh tak pakhat chu zuk leh hmuam hman loh hi a ni. Cancer i vei tih i hriat chuan hlauhna i neih hi thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che. I hmui cancer chungchang i thiante leh chhungte nena inbiakna neihpui tura tanpuina i mamawh chuan i doctor-te hnenah sawipui rawh. I hriselna hi enkawl la, i thil neih hlu ber a nih avangin!

` Oral Cancer, Oral Cancer, Simptoms, A chhan, Enkawlna, Surgery, Invenna, Mahni Inenfiah