Tin, rawng pawh a danglamin i hmu em? Color blindness chungchang hi a awlsam zawngin i zir dawn teh ang!

I rawng i hmuh dan hi mi dangte hmuh dan nen a danglam deuh em tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? A nih loh leh i fate hian rawng hriat harsa tlem a nei em? Hei hi a chhan chu colour blindness vang pawh a ni mai thei, chu chu naupangin rawng a thliar hrang thei lo tihna a ni. Hei hi a takah chuan mi tam tak zingah hmuh tur a ni.

Color Blindness hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin, color blindness, `Color Vision Deficiency` tih hi midangte hmuh dan pangngaia rawng i hmuh theih loh vang a ni. Hei hi kan mit chhunga special nerve cell `cones` an tih te hian hna an thawk tha lo vang a ni. I hria em, heng cone cell te hi antenna te tak te ang mai an ni a, mit chhunga êng lut chu la chhuakin thluaka a thawn a, chu chu rawng kan hmu thei a ni.

Color blind tam zawk chuan rawng zawng zawng an hmu vek kher lo. Chutiang titu an awm a, mahse an tlem hle. Mi tam zawk chuan rawng hrang hrang an hmu thei a, mahse rawng thenkhat chu a dang aiin a danglamin a lang. Anni chuan rawng ṭhenkhat emaw, rawng chi hrang hrang emaw thliar hran harsa an ti thei.

Mi tam tak tan chuan he dinhmun hi an nu leh pate rochun thil a ni . A bik takin, red-green color blindness awm tam ber chu nu atanga naupang hnenah a kai darh thin. Amaherawhchu, a chang chuan natna dang emaw, chhan dang emaw vangin nakin lawkah he natna hi a lo awm thei a ni.

Nangmah emaw i fa emaw hian he natna hi i nei thei nia i ngaih chuan eng chi nge a nih tih leh engtiang chiahin nge a nasat tih hriat a pawimawh . Chuvangin optometrist emaw ophthalmologist emaw hmu la, chu chu sawipui rawh.

Engvangin nge hetiang hi a lo awm? Mit chhungah eng thil nge thleng? (Cone cell chungchang tawi te te)

Color blindness chi hrang hrang hrethiam tur chuan cone cell chungchang tlem han zir hmasa ila. Kan mit chhunga rawng sensor ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. Kan mit peng pakhat, retina an tihah an awm a.

A tlangpuiin kan mitah hian cone cell chi thum kan nei vek a:

• Red-sensitive cone cells (L cones): Hengte hi wavelength sei tak tak (light lam sen lam) hmuchhuaktu an ni.
• Green-sensitive cone cells (M cones): Hengte hian wavelength medium (light green lam) an hmuchhuak a.
• Blue-sensitive cone cells (S cones): Hengte hian wavelength tawi (light blue lam) an hmuchhuak a.

Mi tam zawk chuan cone cell chi thum hi an nei vek a, an thawk tha hle bawk. Mahse color blindness nei miah chuan heng cone cell pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw hian hna a thawk tha lo. Hei hi rawng kan hmuh dan a inthlak lai a ni.

Tunah chuan cone cell engzat nge awm tih leh an hnathawh dan a zirin color vision category lian ber berte hi han en ila:

A rawng zawng zawng dik taka i hmuh chuan (`Trichromacy`) .

Chumi awmzia chu i mit chhungah cone cell chi thum i nei vek a, an thawk tha hle tihna a ni. Visible light spectrum-a rawng zawng zawng chu a pangngaiin i hmu thei.Hei hi full color vision a ni.

A rawng thenkhat (`Anomalous trichromacy`) a danglamna tlem a awm.

Hetah hian cone cell chi thum i nei vek a, mahse chi khat chu a dangte angin a sensitive lo. Chumi awmzia chu a inzawm color te chu a pick up thei lo tihna a ni. Chuvangin a tlangpuiin rawng i hmu thei lo. Deficiency tlemte nei chuan rawng eng tak tak a hmu thei. Tlem a nasat deuh chuan rawng hring, dum pawh a danglamin a lang thei. Heng condition chi hrang hrangte hi anomalies an ti a, chu chu a then chu a lang thei tihna a ni.

Color pakhat hmuh theih lohna (`Dichromacy`) .

Thil thleng chu cone cell chi thum zinga pakhat nei lovin i piang a ni. Chuvangin cone cell chi hnih (a tlangpuiin red (L) emaw green (M) cone emaw, blue-sensitive S cone te nen) i nei a ni. Khawvel hi chu cone cell chi hnih in an hriat theih rawng atang chauhvin i hmu thin. A rawng dum thliar hran a har hle. Hetiang dinhmun hi anopia an ti a, chu chu rawng engemaw zat i hmu thei lo tihna a ni.

Monochromacy (a rawng hmuh loh tak tak) .

Hetah hian cone cell chi khat chauh i nei a, a nih loh leh cone cell pakhat mah a thawk tha lo. Chuvangin rawng i hriat theihna chu a tlem hle a, rawng engmah i hmu lo mai thei a, khawvel hi a grey mai mai a ni.

Red-green color blindness chi khat, a tam ber

Hei hi color blindness chi khat a ni ber . Eng rawng pawh sen emaw, sen emaw nena inzawm i hmuh dan a nghawng a ni. Hei hi subtype lian pali a awm a:

• Protanopia: Hetiang dinhmunah hian i red-sensitive L cones te chu a awm lo. Chuvangin red light i hmu thei lo. Rangkachak chu blue emaw gold emaw shade angin i hmu fo thin. Red shade hrang hrang hi black nen a inthlau thei. Dark brown hi dark green, red, leh orange ang chi rawng nen pawh a inthlau thei bawk.
• Deuteranopia: Hei hi i green-sensitive M cones awmna hmun a ni. Chuvangin green light i hmu thei lo. Blue leh gold i hmu tam ber. Red shade thenkhat chu green shade nen a inthlau thei. Yellow hi light green nen pawh a inthlau thei bawk.
• Protanomaly: Cone cell chi thum i nei vek a, mahse L cone te hi red lakah an sensitive lo. Red chu dark gray angin a lang thei a, red awmna rawng zawng zawng chu a eng lo zawkin a lang thei bawk.
• Deuteranomaly: Cone cell chi thum i nei vek a, mahse M cone te hi green lakah chuan an sensitive tawk lo. Blue, yellow, leh a tlangpuiin dull color i hmu fo thin.

`Protanopia` leh `Deuteranopia` te hi a hmaa kan sawi tawh `Dichromacy` (color pakhat hmuh loh vek) entir nan hman a ni. `Protanomaly` leh `Deuteranomaly` te hi `Anomalous trichromacy` (a rawng thenkhat a danglamna tlem) entir nan hman a ni.

"Protan" leh "deutan" tih thumal pawh i hre mai thei. Hengte hi shorthand terms, red-green color thliar hran theih lohna sawina atana hman a ni. "Deutan" tih hian green (i green-sensitive M cone cells te chu a chak lo emaw, chak lo emaw) a kawk a ni. "Protan" tih hian sen (i red-sensitive L cone cells te chu a chak lo emaw, chak lo emaw) a kawk a ni.

Engvangin nge hetiang hi mipaah ​​a thlen tam zawk?

He red-green color blindness hi mipaah ​​a tam ber. A chhan chu hemi atana gene hi X chromosome-ah a awm vang a ni. I hriat angin mipa hian X chromosome pakhat an nei a, hmeichhia erawh chuan X chromosome pahnih an nei thung. Chuvangin mipa pakhatin chu X chromosome pakhatah chuan gene chhia a neih chuan he natna hi a nei ngei ang. Mahse hmeichhiain X chromosome pakhatah chhiatna a nei a nih pawhin X chromosome danga gene hrisel chuan a hneh thei a ni.

Blue-yellow rawng mitdelna

Blue-yellow color blindness (`tritan defects` an ti bawk) hi red-green blindness aiin a tam lo hle. Hei hi chi hnih a awm bawk a:

• Tritanopia: Blue-sensitive S cone te hi i nei lo. Chuvangin blue light i hmu thei lo. I hmu tam ber chu red, light blue, pink leh lavender te an ni.
• Tritanomaly: Cone cell chi thum hi i nei vek a, mahse S cone te hi blue lakah chuan an sensitive tawk lo. Blue chu green angin a lang a, yellow chu a thim hle emaw, hmuh theih loh vek emaw pawh a ni thei.

Hetianga blue-yellow rawng hriat theih lohna hian hmeichhia leh mipa a nghawng vek a ni.

Thil awmdan a tlem hle

Hei hi colour blindness chi hnih, hmuh tur awm lo tak tak pahnih chungchang a ni.

Blue cone cell chauh hian hna a thawk (`Blue cone monochromacy`)

Hei hi a rarest type a ni. Hetah hian red-sensitive L cone emaw, green-sensitive M cone emaw, hnathawk tha tak tak i nei lo. Blue-sensitive S cone chauh i nei. Chuvangin rawng thliar hran a harsa hle a, gray shade chauh i hmu fo bawk. Hemi rual hian mit lama harsatna dang, photophobia, nystagmus, leh nearsightedness te pawh a awm thei bawk.

Eng rawng (`Achromatopsia` emaw `Rod monochromacy` emaw) hmuh loh dinhmun.

Achromatopsia chu i cone cell zawng zawng emaw a tam zawk emaw a bo emaw, a thawk tha lo emaw a ni. Engkim hi shade of gray angin i hmu vek. Hei hian mit lama harsatna dang a thlen thei bawk a, chu chuan i nunphung nasa takin a nghawng thei a ni.

He natna hian tute nge a nghawng ber? Engtiang chiahin nge a hluar?

Congenital color blindness hian mipa a nghawng tam ber. Hei hi a chhan chu genetic pattern (`X-linked recessive` an tih)-a rochun a nih vang a ni. He inherited condition hi mipaah ​​a tam zawk.

Tin, natna thenkhat, damdawi emaw, boruak thenkhat avang emaw pawhin he natna hi a hnuah a lo awm thei bawk. Tu chungah pawh a thleng thei.

Tunah chuan hei hi engtiang chiahin nge a hluar tih i lo en ang u.

Europe hmar lam hnam chhuak zingah chuan red-green colour blindness hian mipa 12 zinga 1 vel leh hmeichhia 200 zinga 1 vel a vei a ni. Heng zat hi hnam hrang hrangah a inang lo. Research thenkhat chuan Europe mite zingah he natna hi a hluar zawk niin an sawi.

A chi dang awm lo deuhte erawh chu:

• Blue-yellow rawng tlakchhamna hian mi 10,000 zinga pakhat vel a nghawng a ni.
• Eng rawng (`Achromatopsia`) pawh hmuh lohna dinhmun hian mi 30,000 zinga pakhat vel a nghawng a ni.
• Blue cone monochromacy hian mi 100,000 zinga pakhat chauh a nghawng a ni.

A pum puiin khawvel pumah mi maktaduai 300 velin colour blindness chi khat (a tam zawk chu red-green) an nei a ni.

Engte nge rawng hriat theih loh chhan?

Color blindness hi nakin lawkah rochun emaw, neih emaw theih a ni. An pahnih chhan pawh a inang lo.

Pianpui atanga lo chhuak (genetic influence) .

I genes-a mutation awm vang a ni a, chu chu color blindness neia i pian chhan a ni.

Red-green color blindness awm tam ber chu X chromosome (`X-linked recessive inheritance`) hmanga rochun a ni. Hetiang chi inherited condition hian mipa a vei tlangpui a, hmeichhiaah a awm tlem hle. Red-green color blindness hi rochun a nih dan sawifiahna awlsam tak chu hetiang hi a ni:

Naupang mipa tan chuan:

• Nuin he natna hi a neih chuan naupang pawhin a rochun ve bawk ang.
• Nu chu carrier a nih chuan (nu X chromosome pakhat chauh hian he genetic defect hi a nei tihna a ni a, pakhat zawk chu a hrisel a, chuvangin nu chuan symptoms a nei lo tihna a ni) naupang chuan he natna hi a rochun theihna chance 50% a nei a ni.
• Hetiang dinhmun hi pa chauhin a neih chuan fa mipain a rochun lovang. A chhan chu a pain Y chromosome chu mipa naupang hnenah a pe a, X chromosome chu hmeichhia naupang hnenah a pe bawk.

Hmeichhe naupang tan chuan:

• Nu leh pa pahnih hian he natna hi an neih chuan naupang pawhin a rochun ve bawk ang.
• Pain condition a nei a, nuin a nei lo (nu chu carrier a ni lo) chuan naupang chu carrier a ni ang.
• Pain he natna hi a neih a, a nu pawh hi carrier a nih chuan naupangin a rochun theihna chance 50% emaw, carrier a nih theihna chance 50% emaw a nei a ni.

A chhan (acquired causes) a awm

Colour blindness (a tam zawkah chuan blue-yellow blindness) hi a hnu lama lo awm thei chhan tam tak a awm. Chung zingah chuan:

• I nervous system tichhe thei chemicals nena inzawmna. Entirnan, organic solvent, solvent mixture, leh heavy metal te.
• Welding laiin light-a rei tak awm.
• Damdawi thenkhat. Entirnan, damdawi pakhat `hydroxychloroquine` an tih (hei hi natna hrik chi hrang hrang tan pek a ni).
• Mit natna. Entirnan: kum upa lam avanga mit natna (AMD), glaucoma, leh mitdel.
• I thluak emaw, i nervous system emaw tichhe thei natna. Entirnan: Diabetes Mellitus, Alzheimer natna, leh Multiple Sclerosis (MS) te hi a ni.

Nakin lawkah rawng mitdelna (colour blindness) lo awm hi pian tirh lama awm thin aiin a tlem zawk hle.

Hei hi eng symptoms nge ni? Engtin nge i hriat chian?

Heng zinga pakhat tal i neih chuan color blindness chi khat i nei thei bawk:

• Rangkachak rawng emaw, rawng chi hrang hrang emaw thliar hran leh hriat harsa.
• A rawng thenkhat brightness a lan dan inthlak danglamna.

Mahse heng symptoms te hi hriat chian nan chuan i zawn a ngai tih i hriat a ngai a ni. Vawi tam tak chu color blindness nei te hian an hre lo a, a chhan chu colour an hmuh dan inang reng a ni. Chuvangin rawng an hmuh danah hian danglamna a awm tih an hre lo.

Chuvang chuan i fate sikul kal hmain uluk taka mit enfiah tir a pawimawh em em a, colorblind test pawh tih tir a pawimawh hle bawk. A chhan chu sikula test leh lesson tam takah rawng hi hman a ni. Naupang rawng hrang hrang hmu thinte chuan heng thilte hi an harsat phah thei a ni. A dik tak chuan, thil dik lo chu sen-a i chhinchhiah a, thil dik tak chu green-a i chhinchhiah hian, an pahnih inthlauhna hre thei lo naupang tan chuan an thil tihsual leh an thil tih dik chu hriatthiam a harsa thei a ni lawm ni?

Engtin nge doctor hian hei hi a hriat chhuah? (`Ishihara test` chungchang)

Mit doctor-te chuan color blindness an hriat theih nan test eng emaw zat an hmang a.

`Ishihara test` hi red-green color blindness hriat theihna atana hman tlanglawn ber a ni. He test-ah hian doctor chuan ``color plates`` hrang hrang a entir che a. Plate tin hian dot te te pattern an nei vek a. Dot inkarah hian number (naupang te tan chuan a lem) thup a ni. Plate tinah i hmuh ang kha i sawi tur a ni. Plate thenkhata number awmte hi full color vision nei tan chauh hmuh theih a ni. Plate dangte chu color blindness nei tan chauh hmuh theih a ni. Mak a ni lo maw?

`Ishihara test` result a\angin i doctor chuan test dang neih belh a ngai em tih leh eng chi chiah nge a nih tih hriat nan eng thil dang nge i tih tur tih a hrilh ang che.

Nangmah emaw, i fa emaw hian color blindness i nei thei tih rinhlelhna tlemte pawh i neih chuan, .Mit lam doctor hmu nghal la, i mit enfiah tir rawh. Doctor hnenah i rilru a awm chu hrilh theihnghilh suh.

Ka fa hian kum engzat nge he test hi a neih tur?

Naupang kum 4 leh a chunglam tan color vision test neih a tha tlangpui. Kum 4 an tlin chuan naupang tam zawk chuan an thil hmuh theih chungchanga zawhnate chu an chhang thei tawh a ni. Mahse, i fate mit endikna kimchang hmasa ber neih hmasak ber chu a hma zawkin a tha ber a, an piancham hmasa ber pawh a ni mai thei.

Hei hi eng enkawlna nge ni?

Dik tak chuan tun dinhmunah hian congenital color blindness hi damdawi emaw damdawi emaw a la awm lo. Mahse, chu natna chu i neih tawh chuan i doctor chuan a chhan bulpui chu a enkawl ang a, a tul angin i damdawi chu a siamrem ang. Hei hian i rawng hmuh theihna a tichak thei ang.

Color blindness nei te tan special glasses tih i hre tawh mai thei. Heng glasses te hian anomalous trichromacy (a rawng thenkhatah danglamna tlem a awmna dinhmun) mild forms nei te chu colour chiang zawk leh chiang zawka an tawn theih nan a pui thei a ni. Heng glasses te hian rawng inthlauhna a tipung a, colour blindness nei te tan chuan a langsar zawk a ni. Mahse, heng glasses hian rawng thar a hmuh tir lo va, he natna damdawi a ni lo va, i cone cell-a harsatna awm pawh a siam tha lo bawk. Results hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo.

Chutiang glasses hman i ngaihtuah a nih chuan mit doctor biak hmasa la, i tan danglamna a thlen tak tak dawn em tih i en hmasa phawt ang che .

Hetiang dinhmun hi pumpelh a, a hlauhawmna tihtlem theih a ni em?

Pian tirh atanga rawng mitdelna (color blindness) lo awm tur hi i veng thei lo. Mahse, nakin lawkah color blindness i vei theihna chu i tihtlem thei mai thei. Chutiang tur chuan kum khatah vawi khat tal doctor pan la, i hriselna i enfiah tur a ni a, he rawng mitdelna hi i neih theihna tur risk factors te chu eng nge ni tih i hriat tur a ni. Zawhna i zawh theih ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Tuna ka natna avang hian rawng ka hre thei lo ang em?
• Hetiang dinhmun hi ka damdawi ei thenkhat vang a ni thei ang em?
• Ka hnathawhna hmuna chemical emaw thil dang emaw avang hian hetiang hi a hlauhawm em?
• He risk tihtlem nan hian eng nge ka tih theih ang?

Rangkai i hriat theih loh chuan eng nge i beisei ang?

Color blindness hian i nunah nghawng lian tham a nei lo mai thei a, a bik takin i dinhmun a na lo a nih chuan. Mahse a na tawk a nih chuan i hnathawhna, sikul leh nitin nunah a tibuai thei a ni. Chuvangin i mit doctor nen i dinhmun leh hmalam pan zel tura i beisei tur chungchang sawipui a pawimawh hle.I fain he natna hi a neih chuan sikul hnathawhnaah engtin nge i puih theih ang tih zawt rawh.

Hei hian naupang hmalam hun a nghawng dawn em?

Color blindness nei tan chuan career thenkhat chu harsa emaw, hlauhawm tak emaw pawh a awm thei. Entîr nân, electrician, pilot, fashion designer, a nih loh leh artist . Mahse, i fa chu colour vision ngai lo hna dang lamah i kaihruai thei a ni. Hemi chungchang hi i fate guidance counselor emaw, sikula zirtirtu emaw hnenah i zawt thei ang.

Nang emaw i fa emaw hian he natna hi i nei a nih chuan engtin nge nitin nun i tih awlsam theih ang?

Hetiang natna vei mi dangte, emaw, hetiang natna nei naupang nu leh pate nena inbiakna neih hian a \angkai hle thei a ni. I nitin nunah tanpui thei tur thurawn leh thu hriatte an lo hrilh thei che a ni. Tips thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Thawmhnaw emaw in paint ang chi thil i lei dawnin , i ṭhian, rawng hre chiang tak (``color buddy`') rawn hruai la, i ṭanpui ang che.
• Traffic light ang chi thila rawng awm dan tur (a chung lamah sen, a laiah orange/yellow, a hnuai lamah green ang chi) te chu hre reng ang che .
• I phone-ah hian i chhehvela thil awmte rawng hriat theihna tur apps install rawh.

Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?

Heng thilte hi i mit hriselna atan a pawimawh hle a, chutiang bawkin i hriselna pum pui atan pawh:

• Kum khatah vawi khat tal chhungkaw doctor hmu thin ang che.
• Kum khatah vawi khat tal mit lam doctor emaw mit lam doctor emaw hmu thin ang che.

I doctor-te chuan i luh tam a ngai em tih emaw, test dang i neih a ngai em tih emaw an hrilh ang che.

A tawp berah chuan ka sawi tur chu...

Color blindness hi a nasat loh atanga a nasat thlengin a awm thei a, i ngaihtuah aiin a tam zawk. Tlakchhamna tlem chuan mi pakhat nunah nghawng lian tak a nei thei a ni. Mahse i thil tum tihhlawhtlinna tur a dal che a nih chuan lungngaihna leh lungngaihna i neih chu hriatthiam theih a ni.

Mahse, nangmah chauh i ni lo tih hre reng ang che. Khawvel puma mi maktaduai tam takin rawng an hmuh dan pangngai aia danglamin an hmu a. Hetiang dinhmun nei midangte nena inzawmna siam leh an thil tawn atanga zir chhuah hian a pui thei che a ni. Color blindness nei te tan online community kaltlangin information leh support i hmu thei ang.

I fain he natna hi a neih chuan an mit doctor nen sikulah a pui thei tur inthlak danglamna chungchang sawipui rawh. Hemi chungchang leh an zirlai i thlawp theih dan tur i fate zirtirtute nen pawh inbiakna neih a pawimawh bawk.

Hemi chungchang hi hriat belh i duh chuan Doctor zawt hreh suh. Hrisel takin awm rawh!

` Color blindness, colour blindness, naupang mit hmuhna, mit natna, genetic diseases, cone cells