I mit hmalam a he phaw te tak te hi i hria em? Cornea chungchang hi han sawi ila!

Chu i mitmeng zungbun, eng mawi tak, glass ang maia lang chu eng nge ni tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Chu chu cornea kan tih chu a ni. I mit tan venhimna thal tlemte ang mai a ni. Vawiin hian he part mak tak hi tlem han sawi belh leh ila, kan sawi dawn em ni?

He cornea hi eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

A awlsam zawngin, i mit (cornea) chu i mit hmaa khuhna chiang tak, dome ang maia inthuam a ni. Car kawngkhar ang maiin han ngaihtuah teh. I mit chhunga leivut leh hrik ang chi thil lut tur titawptu a ni. I vision atan pawh a pawimawh hle. Tin, UV rays tha lo thenkhat a filter chhuak bawk. Mak a ni lo maw?

I iris hi i mit chhunga tui tamna chamber (``Anterior Chamber`` an tih, ``Aqueous Humor`` an tih tui awmna) hma lawkah a awm a ni. Tichuan i mit rawng pe tu ``Iris`` a awm a, chu chu ``Pupil`` a ni a, chutah chuan i mit chhunga lens awm chu a awm bawk. I iris vel chu i mit hmun dum, ``Sclera`` tih hi a ni.

Dik tak chuan vun hi defense hmasa ber a ni. Chuvang chuan accident tenau leh chhiatna tenau a thlen tam zawk. Mahse, chanchin lawmawm a awm! I vun hian mahni insiamthat theihna mak tak a nei a.

Cornea layer hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?

Ngaihtuah teh, he organ te tak te chhungah hian layer paruk dang a awm leh a. Layer tin hian hna bik an nei vek a. Eng nge an nih i en ang u?

• Epithelium: Hei hi mit pawn lam ber a ni. Mit chhungril leh pawn lam inkara daltu angin a thawk a ni. Natna lakah pawh a sensitive hle bawk. Zirchiangtute chuan i vun aiin a let 300 atanga 600 velin pain receptor a nei tam zawk niin an sawi! He sensitivity hian a venghim tak zet a ni. I mit lama thil dik lo a awm chuan i hriat theih avangin, rang takin i titawp thei a, i paih chhuak thei bawk.
• Bowman’s layer: Hei hi layer chak tak a ni a, a tam zawk chu collagen atanga siam a ni. Cornea chu a structure a pe a, a pianzia vawng reng turin a pui bawk.
• Stroma: Hei hi mit (cornea) layer thuk ber a ni. Tin, mitmeng (cornea) structure a tichak bawk. Tin, light chu bend (refract) a, i retina-a focus turin a pui bawk.
• Pre-Descemet's layer (PDL): Hei hi "Dua's layer" an ti bawk. Research atanga a lan dan chuan hei hi airtight layer a ni. Chu chu mit chhunga tui leh pawn lam boruak inkara inkharkhip chak tak a ni tihna a ni.
• Descemet’s layer: He layer hi a hring a, a flexible hle a, mahse a chak hle tih chu rin theih a ni. Mit insiam dan atan a pawimawh hle. Mit hliam leh natna laka a venghim bawk.
• Endothelium: He layer hian vitreous leh intraocular space-a fluid balance vawng rengtu a ni ber. Tin, stroma hian a hnathawh that theihna tura tui leh tui mamawh zat dik tak a neih theih nan a enkawl bawk.

Layer tin hian hna hrang hrang nei mah se, glass chakna tak tak chu heng layer zawng zawngte thawhhona atanga lo chhuak a ni. Car windshield-a "laminate glass" emaw "safety glass" emaw ang mai a ni. Chutah chuan glass layer pahnih inkarah plastic layer te tak te a awm a ni lawm ni? Chutiang chu a ni.

Engtik atang khan nge he khawvel hian layer paruk a neih?

Dik tak chuan he `(Pre-Descemet’s layer)` hi hun rei vak lo kal ta khan hmuhchhuah a ni. A chungchanga research paper hmasa ber chu kum 2013 khan tihchhuah a ni a, hei hi layer hran emaw, `(Stroma)`-a tel emaw a nih leh nih loh chungchangah hian mithiam thenkhat zingah sawiselna tlem a la awm a ni. (Chu chu a hmain ngaihtuah a ni a, mahse zirchianna thar chuan hei hi a danglam thei tih a tarlang).

Mahse, tuna zirchianna atanga a lan dan chuan PDL leh stroma dang zawng zawngah hian danglamna pawimawh tak tak a awm a ni. Tunah chuan mit surgeon-te chuan mit surgery an ruahman hian PDL (layer hran anga an ngaih emaw ngaihtuah lo emaw) hi an ngaihtuah thin.

Mit (cornea) tichhe thei natna tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?

I vagina hi hmun sensitive tak a nih avangin hliam, infection leh natna dang a thlen awlsam zawk. Entirna tlemte chu hetiang hi a ni:

• Dry eye: Epithelium hnathawh that nan mittui hi a pawimawh hle. Mittui hian mit hi tui a pe a, boruak atanga oxygen a lakluh theih nan a pui bawk. Mit vawt hian a na a, mit a tibuai thei bawk.
• Infection: Cornea chunglam a chhiat chuan natna hrik – virus, bacteria, fungi leh parasite te hian awlsam takin natna a thlen thei a ni. Entirnan, parasitic infection Acanthamoeba keratitis hi a ni.
• Keratitis: Keratitis, a nih loh leh mitmeng natna hi natna hrik, hliam leh natna chi hrang hrang avanga lo awm thei a ni.
• Hliam: Car windshield ang bawkin pawn lam thil leh thilthlengin i mit a tichhe thei a ni. Hei hian abrasion, lacerations, ulcers leh erosions a thlen thei a ni. I mitmengah leivut tê tê a luh chuan a hrehawm dâwn êm tih han ngaihtuah teh!
• Environment chhiatna: I vun hi khaw lum leh vawt lutuk hian a sensitive hle. Vun kang (khaw lum emaw ultraviolet radiation atanga) hi a awm fo thin. Chemical (liquid emaw gaseous emaw) pawhin chhiatna a thlen thei bawk.
• Structural natna `(Dystrophies)`: 1.1.Natna thenkhat chuan mitmeng siam dan emaw, mitmeng nena a inzawm dan emaw, a pahnih emaw a nghawng thei a ni. Heng dinhmunte hi ``Corneal dystrophies'' an ti tlangpui. Chutiang natna chu sawmhnih chuang a awm a, entirnan ``Keratoconus'' leh ``Fuchs' dystrophy'' te hi a ni.

Corneal condition enkawlna tur engte nge ni?

Urinary tract condition tan hian enkawlna hrang hrang a awm a. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:

• Over-the-counter damdawi: Mit natna tenau leh mit vawt ang chi harsatna awlsam tak takte chu damdawi dawr emaw supermarket atanga lei theih damdawi awlsam tak hmangin a reh thei.
• Damdawi: Vun natna tam tak, a bik takin infection te hi damdawi hmanga enkawl theih a ni. Chung zinga tam tak chu cream emaw eye drop emaw angin a awm thin. Ṭhenkhat chu ka ei tur pill angin a awm bawk.
• Coverings emaw wearable treatments: Entirna awlsam ber chu mit venna atana eye patch hman leh hliam a dam hma loh chuan khar reng hi a ni. Enkawlna buaithlak zawk chu scleral lens, bandage contact lens, leh amniotic membrane grafts te hi a ni.
• Laser surgery: Hengte hi mit siamthatna surgery a ni. Laser beam hmang hian mitmeng (cornea) pianzia a thlak danglam a, light chu a danglamin focus a ni. LASIK hi laser hmanga surgery chi khat a ni.
• Mit surgery: Heng surgery te hian kawng tam takah a pui thei a, a bik takin chhiatna siamthat leh mit natna thenkhat siamthat nan a pui thei a ni.
• Cornea transplant emaw artificial cornea placement: Hun a kal zel a, i mit chu a thim emaw, light focus tha lo emaw a ni thei. Heng harsatnate hi a nasat chuan i mit (cornea) thlak nan operation i mamawh mai thei.

Pawimawh: Mit natna atana pui thei tur enkawlna kawng hrang hrangte chu thil tam takah a innghat a ni. I dinhmun bik te, damdawi lam chanchin te, leh mimal dinhmun te hian chanvo a nei vek thei a ni. Chuvangin, i mit lam doctor emaw, healthcare provider emaw hi i tana tha tur enkawlna kawng hrang hrang hriat belh duh tan chuan mi tha ber a ni.

Engtin nge ka mit (cornea) hi chhiatna laka ka ven theih ang?

Accident laka i mit venhimna pawimawh ber chu safety glasses emaw goggles emaw vuah hi a ni . Hun rei lo te emaw, vawi hnih emaw chauh pawh ni se, mit hliam a awm theih nan second tlemte chauh a ngai.

Heng hun chhung hian mit venna i vuah ngei tur a ni:

• Hmanraw leh machine hmanga hnathawh hunah:Hei hi hand tool awlsam leh power tool-ah te pawh a awm fo. Thing chu venhimna tel lovin sandpaper hmanga sanding ang chi thil awlsam tak pawh hian a tul lovah mit a ti na emaw, hliam emaw a thlen thei a ni.
• Huan enkawl leh huan enkawl: Huan emaw, huan emawa hnathawh hunah hnah bawlhhlawh, thlai hrual, lung, leh leilung te hi i mit tan a hlauhawm vek thei a ni. Hei hi huan siamna atana puitu hmanrua leh machine-ah pawh a awm fo a, chu chu lawn mower, string trimmer (or weed-eater), chainsaw, leh leaf blower te hi a ni.
• Compressed air emaw tui emaw hman hunah: Entirna pahnih chu kawngpui sirah pressure-washing emaw, computer emaw electronic device dang chhunga leivut paih chhuahna atana compressed air hman emaw hi a ni. Chutiang pahnih a pressure chuan awlsam takin lung te te, thil chhe emaw, leivut emaw chu hlauhawm takah a chantir thei a ni.
• In lama emaw hnathawhna hmuna chemical hman hunah: Chemical hman tlanglawn tak tak bleach leh drain cleaner te pawh hi awlsam takin i mit ah a tla thei a, fimkhur viau pawh nise.
• Heat source leh open flames bula hnathawh hunah: I mit chhunga natna receptor te hian i vun chhunga receptor te aiin lumna an hrethiam zawk a ni. Mit venhimna hian meikhu avanga lungawi lohna emaw, kangmei chhuak meikhu avanga chhiatna emaw lakah a veng thei che a ni.
• UV radiation laka invenna: Tui leh vur khuh hmun atanga UV rays lo chhuak hian i mit (cornea) a kang thei a ni. Hei hian mit (corneal flash burns) emaw, photokeratitis emaw a thlen thei a ni.
• Sports khelh hunah: Protective eyewear hian thil thlawk thei lakah a veng thei che a ni. Hei hi infiamna, baseball, tennis, hockey, pickleball, leh racquetball-ah te pawh hman theih a ni. Tin, target sports (archery, trap shooting, skeet shooting) khelh hunah eyewear ha reng tur a ni.

Accident laka invenna atana tips pawimawh dang thenkhat:

• Thupek chhiar rawh: Hei hi machine leh chemical-ah pawh a hman theih. Chemical label hian i mit a rawn lut a nih chuan eng nge i tih tur tih a hrilh ang che (i mitah engmah a lut lo a nih chuan label chhiar pawh a awlsam hle bawk). Hnathawh nghal mai duh hi thil pangngai a ni a, mahse label chhiar tura chawlh hahdam chuan danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei.
• Mit venna chi dik tak hmang rawh: Safety glasses side panel emaw shield emaw nei hian i bula hnathawkte laka thil bawlhhlawh thlawk chhuak lakah a veng thei che a ni. I hmai nena inmil taka plastic kil nem tak nei goggles hi i mit chhunga chemical leh meikhu lut tur venna atan a tha ber.
• I mit venhimna hian hna a thawk tha em tih enfiah rawh:Protective eyewear hian a venghim lo che a nih chuan a tangkai lo. Chuvangin i eyewear chu i thil tih tur atan a inmil em tih enfiah rawh. Ni êng reflected tamna hmunah chuan i sunglass-ah polarized lens a awm ngei ngei tur a ni. Tinted lens chauh ai chuan UV rays block thiam zawk an ni.
• Chaw i siam laiin, hmanrua emaw chemical emaw hmangin kut sil fo ang che: Kitchen-a thil harsa tak tak hmanga hnathawh emaw, in lama hna thawk emaw pawh ni se, kut sil loh chuan awlsam takin chemical, thil chi hrang hrang, leh bawlhhlawh te chu i mit chhungah a transfer thei a ni.
• I mit chhung emaw, a chhehvel emawa kangmei awmte chu doctor thurawn i la fo tur a ni: Kangmei tenau tak pawh, i mit bulah emaw, i mit chungah emaw a awm a nih chuan, uluk taka enkawl tur a ni. Damdawi lam thurawn i lak hunah fimkhur lam hawiin tihsual fo ang che.
• Mit hliam neia lirthei khalh hi risk suh: I mit hmuh danah inthlak danglamna emaw, hliam avanga lo awm thei nia i hriat mit natna emaw i neih chuan lirthei khalh suh. Nangmah leh midangte hlauhawmah i dah duh lo.

Engtin nge ka mit (cornea) hi a hrisel theih ang?

Natna leh dinhmun thenkhat laka inven nan heng thilte hi i ti thei ang:

• Mit enfiah fo rawh: Hengte hian i mit (leh i mit a tlangpuiin) tichhe thei harsatnate chu natna lan chhuah hmain a hriat theih nan a pui thei che a ni.
• I kut sil fo (i mit ti na thei thil i khawih loh lai pawhin): Hei hian i mitah natna hrik duh loh a luh loh nan a pui thei a ni.
• Makeup ang chi thil hi midang hnenah share suh: Heng thilte hi insem hian mit natna a darh thei a ni.
• Contact lens hi uluk taka vuah, dahkhawm leh enkawl dan: Hei hi a pawimawh hle a, a chhan chu natna khirh tak laka i mit a venghim a ni. Infection thenkhat chuan mit a tichhe nasa thei a, mit a tichhe reng thei bawk.
• I mit khawih emaw, hnawih emaw loh tur: Hei hian i mitmeng chunga i mit hnawih pawh a huam tel. Chûngte chuan tum loh takin mit (cornea) chunglam chu a tichhe thei a, a tichak lo thei bawk.

Eng mit chhinchhiahna nge doctor thurawn i lak a ngai tih a tilang?

Damdawi lam pan a ngai tih tilang thei symptom emaw, inthlak danglamna emaw engemaw zat a awm. Chung zingah chuan:

• Vision inthlak danglamna, double vision, blurring, leh distortion te pawh a tel.
• Mit hmuhna hloh nghal mai.
• Mit chhungah thil awm ang maia hriatna (thil chu i hmu thei emaw hmu thei lo emaw – hrehawmna tlemte atanga natna nasa tak, tuar theih loh thlengin a awm thei).
• Foreign object i hmuh theih, mahse method dik tak hmanga paih theih loh.
• Mit na a na.
• Mit tui tak (Epiphora).
• Eng laka hriatna (Photophobia).
• Mit sen emaw, a hring emaw.
• I mit hnung lamah emaw, i mit chhungah emaw thisen emaw tui emaw i hmuh chuan, mahse `(Iris)` emaw `(Pupil)` hma emaw pawnah emaw i hmu a nih chuan.
• Mit emaw mit vel emaw direct-a i kah chuan.
• I mit emaw, i mit chunglam emawa hmuh theih khur, mittui tlakna emaw, hliam emaw.

Mahse he list hi a kim lo. Ringhlelna i neih chuan fimkhur lam hawiin tisual fo ang che. Chutianga tih chuan i mit venhimna kawngah danglamna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni.

I mitah thil a lut a nih chuan engtin nge i tih?

I mitah thil dik lo a awm nia i hriat chuan hlauthawng suh la, thawk la la. Thil tha tih tur thenkhat leh tih loh tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

Thil tha tih tur: 1.1.

• A hmasa berin i kut chu sahbawn hmangin uluk takin silfai ang che.
• Tui thianghlim hmangin i mit chu zawi zawiin silfai tum ang che. Mit chhungah tui tlem luang lut turin dah la.
• A theih chuan darthlalangah en la, i mit chhungah eng emaw i hmu thei em tih en rawh.
• Midang hnenah i tan en turin hrilh rawh.
• Thil tenau tak a nih chuan i mit kha sawn kual la, mit khap la, a mah chauhin a bo em tih en rawh.
• A chhuah theih loh chuan, mit a na a nih chuan, emaw, i mit a fiah lo a nih chuan doctor pan nghal rawh .

Thil tih loh tur: 1.1.

• I mit chu engtikah mah hnawih ngai suh! Chutianga i tih chuan chu thil chu i mit chhungah thuk zawkin a nawr lut thei a, i mitmeng chu a ti hrual thei bawk.
• Thil hrual (stick emaw scissors ang chi) hmangin i mit chu pick tum suh.
• Kut bawlhhlawh leh puan bawlhhlawh hmangin i mit khawih suh.
• Nangmah ngeiin i paih chhuak thei lo a nih chuan nawr tum suh.

Cornea tel lovin i hmu thei em?

No. I mit (cornea) hi light bend-tu a ni a, i mit hnunglam retina-ah a focus a ni. I mit peng sensitive dangte pawh a venghim bawk. Chuvangin, a tel lo chuan i mit hian a hmu tha thei dawn lo.

Cornea chhia chu a dam theih nan eng chen nge a mamawh?

I mit hian a tihdam theihna mak tak a nei a. Mit hliam tenau te chu darkar tlemte chhungin a dam leh thin. Hliam thenkhat chu a dam theih nan ni engemaw zat a ngai thei. Thil danglam emaw, thil bik emaw-ah chuan hun rei zawk a daih thei. I mit doctor hi i dam hun tur dik tak chungchang sawipui tur tha ber a ni a, i dam lehna tur a awlsam thei ang bera i tih theih dan tur te pawh i sawipui tur a ni.

I mit (cornea) hian i mit chhung lam a venghim a, nerve tawp lam a khat bawk. An hnathawh that lai hian i ngaihtuah pawh i ngaihtuah lo mai thei. Mahse, an zinga pakhat emaw, an pahnih emaw-ah thil a kal sual a nih chuan thil dang ngaihtuah theih loh khawpin a harsa thei a ni.

Vanneihthlak takin i mit hian dam theihna mak tak a nei a, hliam tam zawk hi ni rei lo te chhungin a dam thei a, a chang chuan darkar tam tak chhung pawhin a dam thei bawk. Mahse chutiang chu a thleng lovang, anmahni enkawl tura i tih tur i tih loh chuan. I mit tichhe thei harsatna i neih chuan mit lama mithiamte nen inbia ang che. Tin, mit enfiah fo bawk ang che. I mit enkawl hian i mit chhung lam a humhim thei a, i hmuh theih nan a pui thei bawk.

Hemi atanga kan zir tur (Take-Home Message) .

Okay, chuvangin vawiin a kan sawi tawh atang hian thil pawimawh tak tak i hriat reng tur thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:

• I mit hi i mit venna hlu tak, sensitive tak a ni. Car windshield ang mai a ni.
• Layer engemaw zat atanga siam a ni a, hna bik nei vek a ni. An pahnih hian mit an veng a, chiang taka i hmuh theih nan an pui bawk.
• Vun hi awlsam takin a chhe thei a, a kai thei a, natna chi hrang hrang a kai awlsam bawk a, chuvangin enkawl a pawimawh hle.
• Safety glass vuah, kut sil, contact lens dik taka hman ang chi thil awlsam tak tak tih hmangin i inveng thei a ni.
• I mitah thil danglam (natna, mit hmuh fiah lo, sen hring) i hmuh chuan damdawi lam thurawn zawng nghal rawh. Hriat hmasak chu enkawl a awlsam zawk.
• Mit enfiah reng reng theihnghilh suh.

I mit hi i thil neih hlu ber pakhat a nih avangin enkawl that hi i mawhphurhna a ni.

` Sclera, cornea, mit hriselna, mit natna, mit venna, mit layer, mit enkawlna