Cytology chu eng nge ni? A chanchin zawng zawng i zir vek ang u!

‘Cytology’ test tih i hre ngai em? Doctor pakhatin chutiang test ti turin a ti che pawh a ni mai thei. Hei hi a takah chuan fiahna pawimawh tak a ni. Kan taksaa cell tenau ber berte a en a, natna thenkhat, a bik takin cancer hriat hmasak nan a pui thin. Chuvangin, vawiin hian he cytology science hi i hriatthiam theih tur awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

Cytology chu eng nge ni? A awlsam zawngin...

Ngaihtuah teh, kan taksa hi cell tenau maktaduai tam tak atanga siam a ni. Chuvangin he cytology, a then chuan ‘cytopathology’ an tih hi i taksa tissue emaw tui (entir nan, zun, mucus) atanga cell tlemte lak chhuah a, chutah chuan thil danglam emaw, thil danglam emaw a awm em tih enfiah a ni.

Detective, specialist doctor ang maiin ‘pathologist’ kan ti a, microscope hmanga heng cell te hi uluk takin a en a, ‘Aw... hetah hian harsatna a awm’ emaw, ‘Ni lo, engkim a tha vek’ tih emaw a hmuchhuak thin. Hei hian tissue lian tak a mamawh lo, cell sample te tak te chauh a tawk. Chuvangin he test hi a tam zawkah chuan harsatna lian tham awm lovin tih theih a ni.

Doctor-te chuan heng cytology test te hi thil chi hrang hrang atan hmang mahse, cancer hriat theihna emaw, cancer awm leh awm loh enfiahna atan emaw an hmang tam ber.

Cytology chi hrang hrang lian ber berte chu engte nge ni?

Tunah chuan kan en ang u, cytology-ah hian hmanraw lian pahnih a awm. An chanchin hi han sawi ila.

1. Exfoliative Cytology hmanga thil tih dan (Exfoliative Cytology) a ni

A hming hi a buaithlak deuhin a lang thei a, mahse a takah chuan a awlsam khawp mai. Exfoliative cytology chu kan taksa atanga chhuak (vun cell thi ang chi) emaw, a chunglam atanga zawi zawia hrual emaw, brush te tak te ang maia cell te enfiahna a ni.

Hei hi entirnan thenkhat han en ila.

• Gynecological samples: Hmeichhe tam zawk chuan hei hi an hre chiang hle. Test chi khat lar tak chu Pap smear , chu chu brush te tak te hmanga serh atanga cell sample te tak te lak a, test a ni.
• Gastrointestinal tract sample: A chang chuan doctor-in endoscopy (camera hmanga chhung lam en) a tih hian intestine chhung atanga cell thenkhat chu an scrape a, cytology test atan an thawn thei bawk.
• Skin or mucus samples: Hengte hi i vun atanga cell te, i hnar chhung emaw, i ka chhunga cell te scrape hmanga test theih a ni.

Kawng dang chu taksa atanga chhuak mai mai thil atanga cell lakkhawm hi a ni. Ngaihtuah teh:

• Thluak lam sample lak: 1.1.I khuh atanga chhuak phlegm emaw sputum emaw chu test la, a chhunga cell awmte chu i hmu thei ang.
• Urinary samples: Natna thenkhat chu i zun (pee) sample lak a, a chhunga cell awmte enfiah atanga hriat theih a ni.
• Abnormal discharge or secretion sample: Mit, vagina, emaw hnute atanga chhuak ang chi a awm chuan sample lak theih a ni a, cytology test pawh tih theih a ni.

2. Interventional Cytology hmanga thil tih dan

Hemiah hian a hming ang bawkin doctor chuan i vun chung lamah incision te tak te a siam a ngai a, a chhung atanga cell sample a lak a ngai a ni. Hei hian sample chu vun piercing hmanga lak a ngai mai thei tihna a ni.

Hetiang chi test hman tlanglawn ber chu fine-needle aspiration (FNA) an ti a.

• Hei hian needle te tak te tak hmanga enfiah tur hmunah (e.g., lump) dah a, chuta tang chuan fluid emaw cell emaw sample lakchhuah a huam a ni. Chumi hnuah pathologist chuan microscope hmangin cell te chu a en a.

FNA tih theihna hmun engemaw zat a awm a:

• Cysts hi vun hnuaia tui ang maia awm a ni.
• Vun hnuaia nodules emaw mass emaw a awm .
• I lymph nodes te chu.
• Pericardial fluid atanga chhuak .
• Pleural fluid chu pleural space (lung leh rilru chhungril lining inkar) a awm fluid a ni.

Engtikah nge cytology test hi tih thin?

Kan sawi tawh ang khan hei hi cancer hriatchhuah nan emaw, cancer screen hmasa nan emaw hman a ni fo thin.

• Diagnostic testing hi i natna lan chhuah dan (e.g., khuh reng, pum na, i taksaa lump) i neih chuan eng harsatna nge a nih tih hriat nan test a ni. Cytology hian cell pangngai lo a awm leh awm loh hriat theih nan a pui thei a, a awm a nih chuan eng natna chi nge a nih tih hriat theih a ni bawk.
• Screening test hi natna thenkhat (a bik takin cancer) vei theihna tur i neih leh neih loh enfiahna a ni a, symptoms nei lo pawh nise. Pap smear hi chutiang test pakhat, mi tam takin an hriat lar tak a ni.

Hei bakah hian cytology hian thil dang a pui bawk:

• Natna hrik kai theihte hriatchhuah.
• Inflammatory conditions te hriatchhuah.
• Thyroid natna a awm leh awm loh enfiah thin ang che.
• Taksa kawng thenkhat (e.g., lung khuh tu membrane inkara tui lo awm) nena inzawm natna te hriatchhuah.

He cytology test hi tuin nge ti thin?

Hei pawh hi zawhna tha tak a ni. Cytology test kan tih hian, .Mi pahnih an awm tlangpui a, sample latu leh test tu an ni.

• Sample lak dan hi test dan azirin a inang lo. Entirnan, gynecologist chuan Pap smear atan cell sample chu a la thei a. FNA tan chuan doctor trained takin a ti ang.
• Tichuan, he sample hi laboratory-ah thawn a ni.
• Chutah chuan pathologist emaw cytopathologist emaw chuan heng cell te hi microscope hmangin a enfiah a, diagnosis a siam thin. Hemi kawngah hian mithiamte an ni.

Engtin nge Cytology test hi an tih thin? Step khat hnu step khatin

Okay, tunah chuan he cytology test hi engtin nge an tih tih chiang takin kan en ang. Hei hi a tlangpuiin step lian pali a awm a.

1. Sample cells te lakkhawm

Hei hi a hmasa ber a ni. I doctor chuan i taksa atanga cell sample lak chu test turin a la ang. Kan sawi tawh ang khan hetiang hi a ni thei:

• A chunglam chu scraping emaw brush emaw hmangin la chhuak rawh.
• Liquid angin a khawlkhawm (urine, mucus ang chi).
• ‘Fine needle aspiration ’ (FNA) hmanga ei a ni thei.

2. Sample cells te processing

Lab-a sample a thlen veleh test awlsam zawk nan a buatsaih a ngai a ni.

• Tissue sample thenkhat tan chuan doctor emaw lab-a mi emaw chuan glass slide (microscope slide)-ah a hnawih ang. Chungte chu ‘smears’ an ti a.
• Liquid sample a nih chuan a chhunga cell awm tlem avangin direct-a smear siam theih a ni lo mai thei. Chumi hnuah chuan container te tak teah dahin lab-ah thawn a ni.
• Lab-a an awm hnu chuan pathologist emaw lab technician emaw chuan heng smear, a nih loh leh cell buatsaih te hi special dye (stain)-ah a dip ang. He staining hian microscope hmangin cell hmun hrang hrang chiang taka hmuh a ti awlsam hle. Thlalak rawng hian a chipchiar zawng hmuh a awlsam phah ang bawkin.
• Sample chu tui a nih chuan a chang chuan centrifuge an tih machine hmangin cell te chu tui atanga thliar hran nan an hmang thin. He machine hian sample chu a spin rang hle a, cell te chu a rih zawngin a then hrang thin. Chumi hnuah cell inthen te chu slide-ah dahin a tul chuan stain a ni.

3. Sample cells te enfiah

Chumi hnuah cell sample buatsaih leh stained chu uluk takin microscope hmangin pathologist-in a enfiah leh thin. Amah emaw chuan hetiang hian a en ang:

• Cell te hi a normal em?
• Cell pangngai lo a awm em?
• Hri kai chhinchhiahna a awm em?
• Cancer cell ang chi thil i hmu em?

Cell pangngai lo a hmuh chuan pen bik hmangin slide-ah a chhinchhiah thin. Tichuan, a thil hmuh a\angin diagnosis a siam a, report chipchiar tak a siam \hin.

4. Results te insem darh

A tawpah chuan pathologist chuan i doctor (test tura refertu doctor) hnenah report chu a thawn ang. Chumi hnuah i doctor chuan result chu a hrilhfiah ang che a, a hnua i tih tur (e.g., test tam zawk, damdawi) chungchang a sawipui ang che.

Engtin nge cytology test atan ka inbuatsaih ang?

Hei hi mi tam takin harsatna an neih a ni. Thu lawmawm tak chu cytology test tam zawk hi a awlsam hle a, a hrehawm vak lo. Chuvangin an tana inbuatsaih nan thil danglam bik tih a ngai lo.

Mahse, i doctor chuan i test tur chungchang chipchiar takin a hrilhfiah ang che. Chu test bik hmaa i tih tur a awm chuan chiang takin a sawi bawk ang (darkar engemaw zat ei loh, damdawi thenkhat chawlhsan ang chi). Chuvângin, chûng thupêkte chu ngun takin zawm rawh.

Test zawhah eng nge beisei tur?

Test zawhah i hnen atanga cell lak chhuah sample chu lab-ah thawn a ni a, chutah chuan pathologist chuan a enfiah a, i doctor hnenah report a thawn a ni. Doctor in result a hrilh ang che. A châng chuan ni engemaw zât sample lakna hmunah hian harsatna emaw, hliam emaw a awm thei a, mahse hei hi a bo thuai ṭhin.

Heng test te hian hlauhawmna leh that lohna a nei em?

Medical test zawng zawng ang bawkin harsatna awm thei a awm. Mahse, cytology test atanga harsatna lian tham tak tak thleng hi a tlem hle. Mahse, an tenau deuh fo (e.g., FNA awmna hmunah thisen tlem emaw, hliam emaw).

• A chang chuan ‘false positive’ emaw ‘false negative’ emaw result a awm thei bawk. ‘False positive’ tih hian result atanga natna a awm lohzia a tilang a, ‘false negative’ tih hian natna a awm lohzia a tilang tihna a ni. Mahse hei hi a thleng tlem hle a, pathologist te pawhin hei hi an ngaihtuah hle.
• A then phei chuan biopsy (tissue chi khat lakna test) hian cytology test aiin information tam zawk a pe thei a, chuvangin a dik zawk thei bawk.

Chuti a nih chuan cytology test hian eng hlawkna nge a neih?

A thatna bakah a that lohna a awm bawk. Cell sample tlemte chauh a mamawh avangin cytology test hian biopsy aiin thatna engemaw zat a nei a:

• Invasive tlem zawk. Chu chu incision lian tham a awm lo tihna a ni.
• Hrisel lohna leh natna hi a tlem hle. Ṭhenkhat phei chu hrehawm nei lo an ni.
• Complication awm theihna chance a tlem hle.
• A senso pawh a tlem hle.
• Rang taka tih theih a ni.

Cytology test result hi eng nge ni?

I result dawn chu eng test nge tih a zirin a danglam deuh thei a, khawi atanga sample lak nge tih a zirin a inang lo deuh thei bawk. A tlangpuiin, pathologist report-ah hian a hnuaia mite hi a tel thei a ni:

• Sample sawifiahna (e.g. khawiah nge lak a nih, engtin nge lak a nih).
• Cell pangngai lo hmuhchhuah a nih leh nih loh.
• Cell pangngai lo hmuh chhuah a nih chuan eng ang natna nge, hri kai, cancer nge ni?
• Cancer a nih chuan cancer ‘grade’ chu engzat nge ni ang? Hei hian cancer cell te hi cell pangngai nen an inang emaw, an danglam emaw tih a hriattir che a, an darh chak dan te a hrilh bawk.
• Biopsy ang chi test dang neih belh a ngai em tih.
• A ni mai thei, definitive diagnosis emaw, guess tlemte emaw pawh nise.

Eng chen nge result ka hriat theih nan?

Hei pawh hi mi tam takin an zawh thin a ni. Results hriat hun chhung hi mimal thil tinrengah a innghat a ni.

• Routine screening test thenkhat (Pap smear ang chi) result hi ni engemaw zat (ni khat emaw ni hnih emaw pawh a ni thei).
• Test buaithlak zawk thenkhat chu kar khat emaw kar hnih emaw, a aia rei emaw pawh a ni thei.

Hei hi nghawng nei thilte chu:

• Lab chhunga hnathawh tur tam tak.
• Cell emaw tissue tam zawk hmuh a ngai.
• Special stain emaw test dang emaw tih a ngai thei bawk.
• A chang chuan doctor dang ngaihdan pahnihna lak a ngai thin.
• Processing time chu sample chu lab-a kal a, inbuatsaih a, test a, report ziah a, doctor hnena a thlen hun chhung a ni.

I doctor chuan eng chen nge a rei tlangpui tih chu a ngaihtuah thei ang che.

Cytology leh pathology hi eng inzawmna nge ni?

An pahnih hi tibuai suh. Cytology, a nih loh leh ‘Cytopathology’ kan tih hi Pathology branch pakhat a ni a, chu chu subspecialty a ni.

Damdawi lamah chuan pathology chu natna hriat theihna tura taksa tissue emaw fluid sample atanga cell leh tissue te laboratory-a enfiahna a ni. Chuvangin, cytology hi chu field lian zawka a then pakhat chauh a ni.

Cytology leh Histology hi eng nge an danglamna?

Cytology leh Histology hi Pathology branch dang pahnih a ni. An pahnih inthlauhna ber chu a enfiah dan hi a ni.

• Cytology hian cell pakhat zel emaw, cell cluster emaw a en ber a ni. Chungte chu cell lak chhuah tawh emaw, FNA atanga lak chhuah emaw pawh a ni thei.
• Histology hian tissue section pum pui a en a.Tissue sample chu an enfiah a, cell chi hrang hrang engzat nge awm tih te, an inzawm dan te, tissue insiam dan te an enfiah thin. Hei hi biopsy hmanga tissue sample lak hmanga tih a ni tlangpui.

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, cell science hi thing atanga hnah lak a, en ang mai a ni a, tissue science erawh chu thing atanga hnah lak ang a ni thung.

Cytology test leh biopsy hi eng nge a danglamna?

An pahnih hian an tum ber chu diagnosis siam a ni a, mahse an pahnih inkarah hian danglamna pawimawh tak tak engemaw zat a awm.

• Sample lian leh te:
• Cytology-ah chuan cell sample tlemte tak tak chu microscope hmangin an enfiah thin.
• Biopsy-ah hian cytology sample aiin tissue lian zawk lak a ngai tlangpui.

• Tih dan tur: 1.1.
• Cytology sample (e.g., Pap smear, swab) lak hi a awlsam fo a, a na lo va, anesthesia a ngai lo thei bawk.
• Biopsy test hi cytology test aiin a invasive zawk tlangpui. Local anesthesia emaw general anesthesia emaw an mamawh thei bawk.

• Eng nge check thin:
• Cytology hian cell pakhat zel emaw cell cluster emaw a en thin .
• Biopsy-ah chuan pathologist chuan cell chauh ni lovin, tissue architecture zawng zawng pawh a enfiah vek a ni .

A tawp berah chuan i hriat reng tur thilte

Chuvangin, tunah chuan Cytology chungchangah hian ngaihdan tha tak i neih ka beisei. A pawimawh ber chu Cytology test hi hmanraw tlanglawn tak leh him tak a ni a, a tam zawkah chuan natna awm lo leh natna hriatchhuahna leh cancer ang chi thil hriatchhuah hmasak nan hman a ni.

Test result nghah hi a buaithlak deuh thei a, a buaithlak thei bawk. Chu chu thil pangngai a ni. Mahse, i medical team te chu eng ang result pawh ni se, tanpui tur leh enkawl turin an awm reng tih hre reng ang che. I test chungchanga zawhna i neih chuan, i result chungchangah emaw, eng nge i tih leh tur tih emaw i neih chuan i doctor zawt hreh suh. Ngaithla leh hriatthiam theihna i nei a ni. Hrethiam e?

` Cytology, Cytology, Cell Test, Cancer hmuhchhuah, Pap Test, Pap Smear, FNA, Diagnosis, Pathology