Thluak hi kan taksa peng hlu ber leh buaithlak ber a ni a, a dik em? Chuvangin he thluak hi hrisel taka vawn reng hi a pawimawh hle. Kan in hian bang leh venhimna kawngkhar a neih ang bawkin kan thluak pawhin security system bik a nei bawk. Chu chu thisen-thluak inkharkhip emaw ``Blood-Brain Barrier'', a tawi zawngin ``(BBB)'' kan tih chu a ni. Vawiin hian he venhimna mak tak hi chipchiar deuhin han sawi ila .
Thisen leh thluak inkharkhip chu eng nge ni?
A awlsam zawngin, i thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) hi i thluaka thisen kalna kawng chhunga awm cell venhimna layer a ni. Kan thluak leh nervous system hnathawhna atana pawimawh tak a ni.
A hmingah chuan "barrier" tih ni mah se, a takah chuan kulh mai a ni lo. Filter ang deuh a ni a, thluaka sentinel ang deuh a ni . A hna ber chu thil tha lo paih chhuah a, a tha zawkte dah luh hi a ni. Tin, chemical chi hrang hrang (kan siam leh pawn atanga kan lakluh te) thluaka luh leh chhuah dan pawh a thunun bawk. Chu chu thil mak a ni lo maw?
Thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB)-ah eng nge thleng?
Kan thisen kalna kawng chhungah hian cell layer bik endothelium an tih a awm a. Mahse, thluak chhunga thisen kalna kawng hrang hrangah chuan he endothelium hi a danglam deuh hlek a ni.
Heng thluaka thisen kalna kawng chhunga line siamtu endothelial cell te hi an inzawm khawm nghet em em a, hmun tlemte pawh a awm lo. Chutiang chuan i thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) chu a lo piang ta a ni. Heng cell te hi an inzawm tlat a, tanpuina tel lo chuan engmah a paltlang thei lo. Heng cell te pawn lam membrane hi lipid-based material atanga siam a ni. Hei hi thu pawimawh tak a ni a, a chhan i lo en ang u.
Thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) kal tlanga kal thei thilte chu engte nge ni?
Thil thenkhat chu a te hle a, chu chu he `(BBB)` hi an paltlang thei tihna a ni. Thil dang thenkhat chu `(lipid-soluble)` an nih avangin a paltlang thei bawk. Chu chu thisen leh thluak inkharkhip thau layer chuan hnawhchhuah lohvin a la lut thei tihna a ni. Mahse, a lian zawk tan emaw, tuiah a inthiar theih tur emaw tan chuan he `(BBB)` hi anmahni chauhin an paltlang a harsa hle.
Ngaihtuah teh, chutiang endothelial cell nghet taka inzawmkhawmte chu particle lian tak takte chu an lut thei lo, a chhan chu hmun a awm tawk lo a ni. Tui-a inthiar theih thilte hian BBB kaltlangin an kal harsa hle a, a chhan chu BBB-a cell membrane te hi lipid-based a nih avangin tuiah a inthiar theih thilte chu a hnawtchhuak a ni. Chuvângin, nutrient ang chi tuiah a inthiar theih thil lian tak takte chu thluaka luh an duh chuan, transport ṭanpuina bîk an mamawh a ni .
BBB kal tlanga kal thei damdawi leh thil chi hrang hrang (amah chauh emaw, tanpuina emaw pawh nise):
- Zu
- Anesthetics hmanga tihdam theih a ni
- Antidepressant damdawi te
- Lungkhamna tihziaawmna damdawi
- Antipsychotic damdawi hman tur
- Seizure emaw epilepsy emaw enkawlna damdawi
- Caffeine a awm bawk
- Acetaminophen leh nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) tam tak a awm bawk.
- Mut theihna damdawi leh tihdamna damdawi (e.g., barbiturates, benzodiazepines) .
He list-ah hian BBB paltlang thei damdawi class tlemte chauh a tel a ni. Drug class dang tam tak pawhin hetiang hi an ti thei a ni. Dik tak chuan BBB paltlang thei thil list hi a sei hle. Tuna hman dan ang chuan BBB paltlang thei chemical chi hrang hrang (damdawi telin) 5,000 vel hmuhchhuah a ni tawh a ni. Chungte chu computer algorithms leh program buaithlak tak tak hmanga hriat theih a ni.
Chuti a nih chuan, eng nge thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) kal tlang thei lo?
A tlangpuiin, natna hrik , bacteria emaw virus emaw, chubakah thil tha lo tam tak te chu BBB kal tlangin an kal thei lo. Hei hi BBB venhimna lian ber a ni.
Thisen leh thluak inkharkhip tichhe thei dinhmun tlanglawn tak takte chu engte nge ni?
I thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) hi him tak ni mahse, 100% chuan a famkim lo. Inflammation ang chi condition te hian a tichak lo thei a ni. Damdawi lam thil dang pawhin BBB hmanna a ti tlem thei bawk. Chutiang a nih chuan thil tha lo emaw, natna hrik emaw thluak chhungah a lut thei a ni. (Amaherawhchu, a chang chuan hei hi a hlawkpui thei a ni. Entirnan, thluak natna enkawlna atana hman thin penicillin ang chi antibiotics te hi BBB a chak loh chuan awlsam zawkin a lut thei a ni.)
BBB integrity tichak lo thei dinhmunah chuan acute leh chronic condition te pawh a tel.
`(BBB)` chakna tihtlem nghal thei dinhmun
Hengte hi hriselna lama harsatna lo thleng nghal emaw, tun hnaia lo thleng emaw an ni. Entirna thenkhat chu:
- Thluak cancer natna te
- Thluak natna (e.g., Encephalitis, Meningitis) .
- Lu hliam, a bik takin concussion leh traumatic brain injury (TBI) .
- Thisen a carbon dioxide level sang (Hypercapnia) .
- Cerebral hypoxia (thisen oxygen level hniam vanga thluaka oxygen tlakchham) .
- Thai
- Seizures, a bik takin seizure condition awm reng ``Status Epilepticus'' an tih chu.
Hun kal zelah `(BBB)` chakna tihtlem thei dinhmun
Chûngte chu hun rei tak, a châng chuan thla tam tak, kum tam tak, a nih loh leh dam chhûng zawng pawha awm thei dinhmunte an ni. Entirnan:
- Alzheimer natna a ni
- A rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a.
- COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) ang chi natna avanga lo awm hi hypercapnia rei tak a ni.
- Epilepsy natna a ni
- Frontotemporal Dementia natna (Frontotemporal Dementia) a awm thin
- Thisen sang (Hypertension) 1.1.
- A kaihhnawih natna, thisen sugar level sang (Hyperglycemia) leh Type 2 Diabetes te
- Thisena cholesterol sang (Hyperlipidemia) .
- Multiple Sclerosis natna a ni
- A rilru a hah lutuk chuan a rilru a buai em em a.
- Parkinson natna a ni
Mithiamte chuan natna khirh tak dang tam takin BBB hi a nghawng thei niin an ring a, mahse hei hi finfiah tur chuan zirchianna neih belh a ngai a ni.
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) tihchhiatna chhinchhiahna emaw, a lan chhuah dan tlangpui emaw chu engte nge ni?
Dik tak chuan tun dinhmunah hian BBB-a harsatna awm chu direct-a hriat theihna tur kawng chiang tak a la awm lo. Laboratory test thenkhat, a bik takin cerebrospinal fluid enfiahna te hian indirect takin BBB-a harsatna a awm tih a tilang thei a ni. Mahse, a tam zawkah chuan BBB tihchhiatna awmna condition-ah hian barrier nena inzawm lo symptom dang a awm tih hmuhchhuah a ni.
Tunah chuan mithiamte chuan magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound tih technique hmangin BBB hi hun eng emaw chen an tichak lo thei em tih an enfiah mek a ni. Chutianga tih theih a nih chuan thluaka thil chi hrang hrang thenkhat chu thisen nen an inhmeh thei ang a, awlsam zawkin an hmu thei ang. Chu thil chi hrang hrangte chu thluak cancer, Alzheimer natna, leh Parkinson natna ang chi thilte hriat hmasakna kawngkhar a ni thei mai thei. Damdawi thenkhat chu cancer ang chi enkawl nan thluaka lut turin a pui thei bawk. Mahse, he zirchianna hi a bul tanna a la ni. Hei hi a theih tak tak em tih hriat nan zirchianna tam zawk neih a ngai a ni.
Thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) target-a enkawlna hman tlanglawn tak tak a awm em?
Tunah hian i thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) direct-a target tur enkawlna a awm lo. Chu ai chuan doctor-te chuan BBB tibuai thei damdawi lam dinhmun hnuaia awmte chu an enkawl zawk a ni. Entirna thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
- Thisen sang, cholesterol sang, emaw thisen sugar level sang tan damdawi.
- Ischemic stroke hnua thluaka thisen kal lehna tur enkawlna, thisen kalna kawngkhar a block avanga thluak hmun thenkhata thisen supply tihtawp a nih chuan a thleng thin.
- Anticonvulsant damdawi te.
- Thluak cancer enkawl dan.
Ka thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) hriselna vawng reng turin eng nge ka tih theih ang?
Dik tak chuan `(BBB)` tihbuai lohna tur direct-a ven theih a ni lo. Chu ai chuan a tha ber chu `(BBB)` tibuai thei dinhmun emaw dinhmun emaw pumpelh hi a ni. I tih theih ṭhenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni:
- Ei leh in inthlau tak ei la, taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh. Circulatory health tichhe thei dinhmun, a bik takin stroke hian thisen leh thluak inthlauhna a tibuai thei a ni. I taksa rihna hrisel tak vawn reng leh i doctor thurawn anga i ei leh in siamrem hi a pawimawh hle. Chungte chuan stroke venna kawngah a pui thei a, a tlem berah chuan a nasatzia a tikhawtlai emaw, a tihziaawm emaw thei bawk. I BBB humhim turin a pui bawk.
- Infection hi ngaihthah suh.Mit leh beng ang hmuna hri kai hian a darh thei a, inflammation a thlen thei a, BBB a tibuai thei bawk. Chutiang a nih chuan natna hrik chu thluaka lutin, natna khirh tak, thihna thlen thei pawh a thlen thei a ni.
- Safety gear hmang rawh. Lu hliam hian BBB a tibuai thei a ni. Lirtheia i chuan laiin safety gear – a bik takin helmet leh seat belt (or safety harness dang) bun hian i BBB tichhe thei lu hliam a veng thei a ni.
- I hriselna dinhmun enkawl rawh. Hun rei tak chhunga natna chi hrang hrang, Type 2 Diabetes, thisen sang, cholesterol sang, leh epilepsy te hian BBB leh a chhehvela thisen kalna kawngte a tichhe thei a ni. Heng dinhmunte hi damdawi emaw, enkawlna dang emaw hmanga enkawl hi i thisen leh thluak inkharkhip humhimna atana i tih theih pawimawh tak a ni.
Doctor-te hian engtin nge thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) chungchanga an hriatte chu an hman?
Thluak chhung leh pawn lama damdawi lam harsatna tam tak enkawlnaah hian i ``(BBB)`` hi thil pawimawh tak a ni. A chhan chu, enkawlna tam tak – a bik takin damdawi – chu ``(BBB)`` kaltlangin a kal thei a nih chuan indirect takin i thluak a nghawng thei a ni.
A châng chuan, doctor-te chuan BBB vel an thawh a ngai ṭhin. Chu chu BBB hian a chang chuan a tih tur dik tak a tih vang a ni! Thluak chhunga natna hrik emaw cancer emaw enkawl thei damdawi te hi BBB kaltlangin a kal thei lo mai thei.
Solution atan mithiamte chuan BBB bypass tura siam bik damdawi an hmang mek a ni. "Trojan horse approach" ang bawkin damdawi te hi immune cell emaw, BBB kal tlanga thluak thleng thei particle dang emaw ah "load" a ni. A fing hle mai, a dik em?
BBB hi bypass turin kan natural chemical process kan hmang bawk. Chumi entirnan tha tak chu Parkinson natna enkawlna atana damdawi levodopa hman hi a ni. Parkinson natna hi thluak hmun thenkhatah taksa ruh chetna control nana mamawh chemical dopamine a tlakchham tawk loh vang a ni. Dopamine hian BBB a pel thei lo va, levodopa erawh chuan a pel thei thung. Vawikhat thluaka a luh chuan levodopa chu dopamine-ah a chang ta a ni. Hei hian Parkinson natna lanchhuahna a tiziaawm a ni.
Thisen leh thluak inkharkhip (BBB) hi tuin nge hmuchhuak? Chutiang khawpa te a nih chuan engtin nge an hmuhchhuah?
Thu dawnna tam tak chuan he daltu hi kum 1800 chho tawp lam leh 1900 chho tir lama scientist-te, Paul Ehrlich emaw Max Lewandowsky emaw hmuhchhuah vang niin an sawi. Mahse, "blood-brain barrier" tih thumal hi kum 1921-a Russia (tuna Latvia) a mi Lina Shtern (a then chuan "Stern" tia ziah) leh Swiss doctor Raymond Gautier-te paper-ah an hmang hmasa ber a ni.
Stern leh Gautier-te zirchianna hi kum 1960 leh 1970 chhoa electron microscope hmanga thlalak lak hmasak berte chuan a thlawp a, ran leh mihring thluaka BBB awm dan chiang takin a tarlang a ni.
A tawp berah chuan hriat reng tur (Take-Home Message) .
I blood-brain barrier (BBB) hi i thluak hmun tam takah thisen kalna kawng hrang hrang hualtu cell layer a ni a, filter ang maiin a thawk a ni. Kan thluak tana venhimna bang pawimawh tak a ni. Thil tha lo tam tak a chhuah loh nan leh thil tha tam tak a luh theih nan a pui bawk.
Mahse, hei hi a famkim lo. Damdawi lam thil tam takin hei hi a nghawng thei a ni. Tin, doctor-te chuan thluak chauh ni lovin taksa khawi hmunah pawh natna an enkawl hian he ``(BBB)`` hi an fimkhur a ngai a ni.
BBB chungchang hi mithiamte chuan thil tam tak hmuchhuak mah se, a hnathawh dan kimchang taka hriatthiam theih nan zirchianna tam zawk neih a ngai a ni. A chhungril lama hnathawh dan hriatthiamna chuan thluak nena inzawm natna tam tak enkawlna tha tak hmuh theihna kawng a hawng thei a ni. Tichuan, i BBB chu i thil tichhe thei tur daltu chauh a ni ang a, i tanpuitu enkawlna tur daltu a ni lo vang. Chuvangin, i hriselna zawng zawng enkawl hian indirect takin he BBB hriselna a humhim dawn tih theihnghilh suh!
` Blood-Brain Barrier, Thluak venhimna, Thluak Thisen kalna kawng, Nervous System, Thluak Damdawi, BBB Function
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