I thisen sugar level hriat theihna tur A1C test hi eng nge ni tak tak? Kan sawi dawn nia!

Doctor-te'n, "A1C test i neih a ngai" an tih hi i hre tawh ngei ang. A nih loh leh i chhungkuaa mi pakhatin zunthlum a vei a nih chuan he A1C test chungchang hi i hre tawh ngei ang. He A1C test hi eng nge ni tak tak? Chuta ṭang chuan eng nge kan zir theih? Vawiin hian he A1C test chungchang hi i hriatthiam theih tur awlsam takin kan sawi dawn a ni.

A1C test hi eng nge ni?

A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, A1C test hi thla thum kalta chhunga i thisen sugar, a nih loh leh ``Glucose'' level tehna test a ni. Results hi percentage anga pek a ni. Percentage a san chuan i thisen sugar level a sang zawk thin.

Doctor-te chuan A1C test hi chhan lian tak tak engemaw zat avangin an hmang a:

• Diabetes (`(Prediabetes)`) hmaa stage awm dan hriat chian. Chu chu zunthlum vei theihna tur stage hnaih tak tihna a ni.
• Type 2 diabetes i vei em tih chiang takin zawt rawh.
• Type 2 diabetes emaw type 1 diabetes emaw i neih chuan i treatment plan a tha em tih hriatthiam a pawimawh. I A1C level hian nang leh i doctor chu i treatment plan-a inthlak danglamna i neih leh mamawh loh tur ngaihtuah turin a pui thei che a ni.

Engtin nge A1C test hi an tih thin?

Doctor ten A1C hi kawng hnih in an test thin:

• A tam zawkah chuan thisen tlemte chu vein atanga lakchhuah niin lab-ah test turin an thawn thin. Hei hi hmanraw hman tlanglawn ber a ni. Hei hi thisen lak chhuahna ``Phlebotomist'' an ti a.
• A dang chu i kut zungtang atanga thisen tla khat la chhuakin test hi a ni. Hei hian minute tlemte chhungin result a pe thei che a ni. Mahse, he method hi i enkawlna kal dan tur en nan chauh hman a ni a, natna thar hriatchhuah nan hman a ni lo.

Vein hmanga test hi finger prick test aiin a dik zawk tlangpui.

A1C test hming dang engte nge ni?

He A1C test hi hming dang engemaw zatin an ko bawk. Heng hmingte hi i hre mai thei bawk:

• Hemoglobin A1C `(Hemoglobin A1C)` tih hi a ni
• HbA1c `(HbA1c)` tih a ni
• Glycated hemoglobin a awm bawk
• Glycohemoglobin test `(Glycohemoglobin test)` hmanga enfiah a ni

Thisen thlum (Glucose) chu eng nge ni?

Kan taksa hian he `(Glucose)` emaw sugar hi kan ei tur a carbohydrates atanga kan hmuh ber a ni. Hei hi kan taksa cell-te chakna petu ber a ni. Kan thisen hian he `(Glucose)` hi taksa pum puia cell-ah a phur a.

Kan taksaa thil thleng tam tak hian thisen sugar level chu a bituk chhunga awm reng turin a pui thin. Hemi kawngah hian a pawimawh ber chu kan pancreas atanga siam hormone ``Insulin`` a ni.

I thisen sugar level a sang reng a nih chuan (hyperglycemia), chu chu i A1C pawh a sang tihna a ni a, chu chuan zunthlum i vei tihna a ni fo. Diabetes hi pancreas-in insulin a siam chhuah tam loh vang emaw, insulin a siam chhuah zat a tlem vang emaw, taksain insulin a hman dik loh vang emaw a ni.

Engtikah nge A1C test ka mamawh?

Zunthlum i vei chuan kum khatah vawi hnih tal A1C test i neih a ngai a, chu chuan i enkawlna ruahmanna a thawh that zia a hriat theih nan. I doctor chuan eng chen nge hetiang hi i tih tir tur tih chiang takin a hrilh ang che.

Diabetes i vei tih hriatchhuah loh, mahse a hnuaia symptoms te hi i neih chuan doctor chuan A1C test a ti thei ang:

• Tuihal tam lutuk (`(Polydipsia)`) .
• Zun tam lutuk
• Mit hmuh a fiah lo
• Chau tih hriat reng reng (`(Fatigue)`) .

Type 2 diabetes vei theihna i nei em tih hriat nan A1C test i nei thei bawk. Risk factors te chu:

• Chhungkaw member type 2 diabetes nei neih.
• Tun hmain gestational diabetes i nei tawh a nih chuan.
• Thau lutuk.
• Taksa tihchak loh leh exercise neih loh.
• Kum 35 chunglam a nih avangin.

Engtin nge A1C hi chhut a nih?

A1C test hi hemoglobin tih hming pu thil atanga siam a ni . Hemoglobin hi kan thisen sen (red blood cells) atanga taksa pum puia oxygen phurtu a ni. I thisena glucose a awm chuan he hemoglobin hi a nghet tlat a ni. Hei hi glycation an ti a . I thisena glucose a tam poh leh he sticking hi a pung nasa zawk thin. Tin, he sticking hi thla thum vel a daih thei bawk – chu chu thisen sen pakhat dam chhung zatve vel a ni.

A1C test hian hun kal zelah hemoglobin-a glucose inzawm zat average a teh a ni. Hun kal zelah thisen sugar level a teh thin avangin A1C test hian thisen sugar test vawi khat aiin i hriselna chungchang min hrilh tam zawk thei a ni.

A1C test hmain chaw nghei ka ngai em?

No. A1C test i tih hmain chaw nghei a ngai lo.

A1C test i tih hian eng nge thleng?

A1C test atanga i beisei theih tur chu hetiang hi a ni a, chu chu vein atanga thisen lak a ni:

• Chair-a i thut lai hian phlebotomist (thisen la chhuaktu) chuan i kut ah thisen lak awlsam tak vein a zawng ang. A tam zawkah chuan thisen chu i kut chhung lam atanga lak chhuah a ni a, i elbow hnunglam chiah a ni.
• Vawikhat vein hmuh a nih chuan a hmun chu tihfai leh disinfected a ni.
• Chumi hnuah chuan thisen zam (vein)-ah hian needle te tak te an thun a, thisen sample lak a ni. Hei hi prick tlemte ang maiin a lang thei.
• Neidu an dah hnuah test tube-ah thisen tlem an la khawm a.
• Test atana thisen tling an lakkhawm hnuah chuan needle chu lakchhuah a ni a, cotton emaw gauze emaw hmanga chu hmun chu pressure pein thisen chhuah chu tihtawp a ni.
• A tawpah chuan chu hmunah chuan plaster dah la, i zo ta.

A1C test, kut zungtang atanga thisen lak chhuah lai hian a hnuaia thilte hi a thleng thin:

• Doctor chuan eng kut zungtang atanga thisen lak tur tih a zawt che a.
• I kut zungtang chu zuin a hrufai ang a, puncture te tak te chu ``Lancet'' an tih needle te tak te hmangin siam a ni ang (hei hi plastic device te tak teah a awm tlangpui).
• I kut zungtang chu an hrual ang a, thisen tla khat an la chhuak ang a, plastic bawm te tak teah an khawl khawm ang.
• Test atan thisen tling tak lak a nih hnuah, thisen chhuah tihtawp nan i kut zungtang vawn tlat turin cotton emaw gauze emaw pek i ni ang.
• Results hi minute tlemte chhungin hmuh theih a ni tlangpui.

A1C test-ah hian hlauhawmna a awm em?

Thisen test hi medical test-na atana thil awmze nei tak leh tul tak a ni. A1C test chi hnih hi a hlauhawmna a tlem hle. Thisen lakna hmunah emaw, i kut zungtang hliam naah emaw hliam emaw, natna emaw i nei thei a, mahse hei hian a dam thuai ang.

Ka A1C value hian eng nge a awmzia?

A1C test result chu percentage anga pek a ni. He number hian hemoglobin protein engzat nge glycated tih a hrilh che a, chu chu glucose nena inzawm tihna a ni. Percentage a san chuan thla engemaw zat kalta chhung khan i thisen sugar level a sang zawk a ni.

Diagnosis atana A1C level chu hetiang hi a ni:

• 5.7% aia tlem a nih chuan zunthlum i nei lo tihna a ni. (Hriselna level) .
• 5.7% leh 6.4% inkar a nih chuan prediabetes anga ngaih a ni. Chumi awmzia chu zunthlum hi a lo awm hnai tawh tihna a ni.
• Level 6.5% aia sang chuan Type 2 Diabetes emaw Type 1 Diabetes emaw a kawk tlangpui.

Diabetes i vei tawh a nih chuan i A1C result hian thla thum kalta chhunga i treatment plan a thawh that zia a tarlang a ni. He enkawlnaah hian pill, insulin injection, thisen sugar test fo, leh nunphung thlak danglam (ei leh in leh exercise ang chi) te pawh a tel thei. I A1C value a zirin nang leh i doctor chuan i treatment plan-a tihdanglam a ngai em tih chu i rel thei ang.

Hriat tur pawimawh ber chu i A1C (zunthlum i neih chuan) hi thla engemaw zat chhunga i thisen sugar level zatve chauh a ni. I hriselna chhinchhiahna emaw, nun hrisel tak i neih leh neih loh chungchanga thutlukna hnuhnung ber emaw a ni lo. I A1C hi i dam chhungin a danglam thei tih hre reng la, i zunthlum enkawlna tur leh i A1C level tihsan nan thil i tih theih tur a awm a, a tul chuan.

A1C leh estimated normal glucose (eAG) te hi eng nge ni?

Lab thenkhatah chuan A1C result chu percentage angin an pe a, a kaihhnawih pawh an pe bawkGlucose (eAG) value estimated average pawh pek a ni bawk.

`(eAG)` chhut dan hian A1C percentage chu i in glucose meter nena i hman ang unit (milligram per deciliter - mg/dL emaw millimoles per liter - mmol/L) ah a chantir a ni. I A1C chu average a nih ang bawkin `(eAG)` hi thla thum kalta chhunga i thisen sugar level average tilangtu value pakhat a ni.

Entirnan, A1C 7% chu `(eAG)` 154 mg/dL (8.6 mmol/L) nen a inang a ni. A1C 9% chu `(eAG)` 212 mg/dL (11.8 mmol/L) nen a inang a ni.

A1C value pangngai chu eng nge ni?

Zunthlum vei lo tan chuan A1C value pangngai chu 5.7% aia tlem a ni.

Zunthlum vei tan chuan "normal" leh hrisel anga ngaih chu i thil tum leh zunthlum enkawlna damdawi leh hmanrua i hmuh theih danah a innghat a ni. Nang leh i doctor chuan i target A1C range chu i hriat theih nan in thawk ho ang. Hei hi i dam chhung zawngin a danglam thei a ni.

A tlangpuiin, American Diabetes Association chuan zunthlum vei puitling tam zawk chuan A1C 7% emaw a aia tlem emaw neih tum turin a rawt a ni .

Heng dinhmunah hian i A1C target chu 7% aia sang a ni thei:

• Nun rei zawng a tlem chuan.
• Thisen sugar tlahniam nasa tak i neih fo chuan (`(Hypoglycemia)`) emaw, chutiang episode i hriat loh chuan (`(Hypoglycemia unawareness)`).
• Zunthlum avanga harsatna nasa tak i neih chuan (Chronic kidney disease, nerve damage, emaw cardiovascular disease ang chi).

A lehlamah chuan naupai laiin type 1 diabetes vei hmeichhiate tan chuan doctor-te chuan naupai chhung zawngin A1C level 6.5% emaw a aia hniam emaw-ah dah turin an rawt tlangpui. Hei hi nausen hriselna atana hlauhawm tihziaawmna tur leh nausen than lutuk (fetal macrosomia) venna atana tih a ni.

A1C level hlauhawm tak chu eng nge ni?

I A1C level a san chuan, a bik takin kum tam tak a san chuan, harsatna i nei tam zawk a, chungte chu:

• Mit lam natna (`(Retinopathy)`) .
• Kal lama harsatna (`(Nephropathy)`) .
• Nerve lama harsatna (`(Neuropathy)`) .
• Pum chhunga hnathawh that lohna (Gastroparesis) .
• Lung natna
• Thai

Research atanga a lan dan chuan zunthlum vei te hian A1C level 7% aia hniam an neih chuan diabetes complication an neih theihna a ti tlem thei a ni .

Mahse, thil dang, genetic factors leh eng chen nge zunthlum i neih tawh tih te pawh hian zunthlum harsatna lo awm dan a nghawng thei tih hre reng ang che.

A1C test hi a dik tak tak em?

Thil ṭhenkhat chuan A1C test dikna a nghawng thei a, chungte chu:

• Genetic factors, entirnan, hemoglobin chi hrang hrang
• Damdawi lam thil dang
• Damdawi thenkhat leh nutritional supplement te
• Sample lakkhawm, phurh chhuah, test nana processing-a tihsual awm

Heng thilte hian i result chu `falsely low` emaw `falsely high` emaw a siam thei a ni. Heng thil tam tak hi i thisen sen dam chhung leh hriselna inthlauhna avanga lo awm a ni.

Hemoglobin chi hrang hrang leh A1C Results te

Hemoglobin variants hian A1C test thenkhat result a nghawng thei a ni.

I thisena hemoglobin chi hi i genes atanga i rochun atanga teh a ni. A chi hrang hrang a awm. A tam ber chu hemoglobin A a ni a , hemoglobin chi dang, a tam lo ber chu hemoglobin variant an ti a.

Hemoglobin variant neih hian zunthlum vei theihna a tipung lo a, mahse A1C result a nghawng thei a ni. Lab-ah hian hemoglobin variant hmanga thisenah A1C test dan hrang hrang an nei a.

A chi hrang hrang hmuh tam ber thenkhat chu:

• Hemoglobin C trait : Hei hi mipa hring, West African hnam chhuak, South leh Central America, Caribbean leh Europe atanga lo kalte zingah a tam ber.
• Hemoglobin D trait : Hei hi China, India, Turkey, Brazil, leh Europe ram thenkhata chengte zingah a awm fo thin.
• Hemoglobin E trait : Hei hi Asian American-te zingah a awm fo a, a bik takin Southeast Asian hnam chhuakte zingah a awm fo.
• Hemoglobin S trait : Hei hi mipa hring leh Hispanic American zingah a tam zawk.

Thisen test hian hemoglobin chi hrang hrang a hriat theih. I A1C result tichhe thei hemoglobin variant i nei thei nia i ngaih chuan i doctor nen inbia ang che.

I A1C chu a nihna tak aiin a hniam zawk theih chhan

Heng dinhmun leh dinhmunte hian i A1C result chu i level tak tak aiin a hniam tir thei a ni:

• Zu in tam lutuk (`(Zu hmansualna)`) .
• Thisen pek a ni
• Chronic kidney failure (`(Kal tha lo rei tak)`) .
• Erythropoietin tichaktu (ESAs) te hi a awm a.
• Thisen chhuah tam lutuk (`(Hemorrhage)`) .
• Hmun sang takah awm
• Iron supplement ei thin
• A rilru a buai em em a, a rilru a hah em em bawk a. Cirrhosis of the liver (`(Cirrhosis of the liver)`) .
• Naupai lai
• Sickle cell thisen tlakchhamna (`(Sickle cell thisen tlakchhamna)`) .
• Spherocytosis leh hemolytic anemia (`(Spherocytosis leh thisen tlakchhamna)`)

A1C value te chu a nihna tak aiin a sang zawk theih chhan

Heng dinhmun leh dinhmunte hian i A1C result chu a nihna tak aiin a sang zawk thei a ni:

• Anemia, entirnan iron tlakchham vanga thisen tlakchhamna, natna hrik vanga thisen tlakchhamna, cancer vanga thisen tlakchhamna.
• Damdawi thenkhat, immunosuppressant damdawi leh protease inhibitor te.
• Thisenah triglycerides a pung (`(Hypertriglyceridemia)`) .
• Organ thlak danglam a ni
• Thalassemia (`(Thalassemia)`) a awm a, a natna hi a tha hle.
• Vitamin B12 tlakchhamna (`(Vitamin B12 tlakchhamna)`) .

A1C level sang mahse zunthlum hi tihdam theih a ni em?

Ni e, i ti thei. A1C sang (6.5% aia sang) i neih vang mai mai chuan zunthlum i nei tihna a ni lo. Damdawi thenkhat, steroid ang chi emaw, thil dang, natna ang chi emaw hian rei lo te chhungin i thisen sugar level a tisang thei a ni. Thil dang, thisen tlakchhamna ang chi hian i A1C result chu a nihna tak aiin a sang zawkin a lang thei a ni. Test dik lo a nih theihna chance pawh a awm bawk.

Doctor-te chuan zunthlum an hriat theih nan test pakhat aia tam an hmang a. Entirnan, chaw ngheia thisen glucose test emaw, A1C test emaw ti turin an ti thei che a ni. Mahse, i doctor chuan uluk takin i result a enfiah ang a, a sawipui ang che.

A1C hian zunthlum enkawl dan dik takin a hrilh che em?

Kum sawm tam tak chhung chu doctor leh zunthlum vei te chuan A1C test hi an enkawlnain a thawh that dan tehna atan an hmang ber a ni.

Mahse, a bik takin type 1 diabetes vei tan chuan thisen sugar level hi ni tam tak, kar leh thla tam tak chhungin a inthlak danglam nasa thei hle. Chuvangin A1C hi mean-ah a innghat a, management thlalak dik tak a pe ngai lo.

Entirnan, hei hi han ngaihtuah teh: Mi pakhat thisen sugar level chu a inthlak danglam reng a, mahse an A1C chu 7% a ni thei. Mi dang thisen sugar level hi 154 mg/dL vel a ni fo a, an A1C pawh 7% a ni thei bawk.

Tun hnaiah, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices , doctor leh zunthlum vei te chuan Time in Range (TIR) ​​hian zunthlum enkawlna kawng tangkai zawk leh dik zawk a pe tih an hmuchhuak a ni.

TIR hi i thisen sugar level chu target range recommended chhunga a awm zat a ni. TIR hi percentage anga teh a ni. Blood sugar target range hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo thei a, mahse target range tlangpui chu 70 leh 180 mg/dL inkar a ni. Type 1 emaw type 2 diabetes vei puitling tam zawk tan chuan doctor-te chuan TIR hi 70% aia sang (ni darkar 24 chhunga darkar 17 vel) dah tum turin an rawt a ni.

`(CGM)` leh `(TIR)` hmang hian doctor leh zunthlum vei te chuan an thisen sugar level sang leh hniam tam zia an hmu thei a. Hei hian an enkawl dan tur dik zawka siam turin a pui thin.

A tawp berah chuan i sawi tur chu...

I A1C result beisei ang a nih loh emaw, beisei aia sang emaw a nih chuan a buaithlak thei hle. Mahse hre reng ang che, A1C sang chuan zunthlum i nei tihna a ni hauh lo. A result dik lo thlen thei thil tam tak a awm a. I doctor chuan test tam zawk i mamawh chuan a hrilh ang che. Doctor zawhna zawh pawh hlau suh. I tanpui turin an awm reng a ni.

Zunthlum i vei a nih chuan i A1C hi i thisen sugar level zatve chauh a ni tih hriat reng a pawimawh. A1C level tihsan nan thil tih theih a awm. I zunthlum enkawl dan tur i ngaihtuah lutuk a nih chuan i doctor nen inbia ang che. In pahnih hian in zunthlum enkawlna tur ruahmanna leh A1C thil tumte thlen theihna tur ruahmanna in siam thei a ni.

` A1C, HbA1c, zunthlum, thisen thlum, glucose, hemoglobin, zunthlum test