I fa hian midang nena thawh dun emaw, inbiaknaah emaw harsatna a nei em? Midang mitmenga en leh tawng harsa a nei em? Ṭawng zir emaw, tawng thiam emaw-ah tihkhawtlai a nei em? A nih loh leh, a châng chuan dârkâr tam tak a tap ṭhîn em, a nih loh leh thunun theih loh khawpin a awm ṭhîn? Autism nei naupang nu leh pa i nih chuan hetiang thiltih hian naupang nun a nghawng theih dan hi i hre chiang hle mai thei. Chutiang huna i fate tâna i ngaihtuah theih dân ṭha tak pakhat chu Applied Behavior Analysis, a nih loh leh ABA therapy hi a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, ABA therapy chu eng nge ni?
ABA therapy (Applied Behavior Analysis) hi naupang leh mimal autism leh hmasawnna lama harsatna dang nei te tan hmanraw bik a ni. A ngaihtuahna bulpui ber chu a awlsam hle. Chu chu naupangin nungchang \ha, \ha tak tak a lantir chuan, chu nungchang chu kan fak a, chu chu chhanna \ha (lawmman) kan pe a nih chuan naupang chu chu nungchang chu ti leh turin a chêttîr ang.
Phên dangin sawi ila, naupang nungchang kan tihchak hian chu nungchang chu a lo awm fo thin. Chutiang bawkin naupang nungchang mawi lo chu chutiang bawka kan chhân lêt loh chuan chu nungchang chu a tlahniam zauh zauh a, a bo vek thei hial a ni.
ABA therapy hian autism nei naupang chu:
- Khawtlang inlaichînna siam rawh: Mi dangte nêna inbiakna, inkhelh leh thawhho zir rawh.
- Thiamna thar zir rawh: tawng, zirna, leh mahni chauha thil tih dan ang chi thil.
- Thiltih \ha, \ha tihpun: midang thusawi ngaihthlak leh dilna siam huna dawhtheihna ang chi.
- Thiltih harsa tak takte tihtlem: mahni intihhlum, midang vuak, leh au chhuah reng ang chi thil.
Research atanga a lan dan chuan ABA therapy hian naupangte social skills, communication skills, leh expressive language te nasa takin a tichangtlung a ni. Zirchianna thenkhatah chuan naupang dam chhung kum tir lamah (a bik takin kum 4 an tlin hma) kar khatah darkar 20 aia tam ABA therapy hian naupang hmasawnna nasa takin a ti tha thei tih hmuhchhuah a ni. Nakinah pawh rawngbawlna bik mamawhna a tlahniam tih hmuhchhuah a ni bawk.
ABA therapy neih chhung hian eng nge thleng tak tak?
I fain ABA therapy a tan hunah chuan Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) nen an inhmu hmasa ang a, ani hi he field-a specialized training nei a ni. An tih hmasak ber tur chu i fate hriat chian a, an mamawh leh tuna an theihnate tehfung siam hi a ni.
Chutianga i fa chu i hriat chian hnuah, therapist chuan i fate tana hman tur bik leh anmahni tana siam tur enkawlna ruahmanna a siam ang He ruahmanna hi i fain eng nungchang nge a tihdanglam a ngai tih leh eng thiamna nge a neih a ngaih tih chiang taka ruahman a ni.
I fa therapist chuan kawng hrang hrang a hmang ang a, chu chu i fa mamawh leh an target nungchang a zirin a ni.
ABA therapy-a hmanraw hman berte chu engte nge ni?
Behavior analyst (BCBA) te hian ABA therapy an kalpui hian kawng hrang hrang an hmang thin. A bulpui ber thenkhat chu hetiang hi a ni. An inthlauhna i hriat chian a pawimawh.
| Thiltih dan (Methodology) a ni | A awlsam zawngin... |
|---|---|
| Discrete Trial Training (DTT) neih a ni ang. | Hei hi miten ABA an hriat hian an ngaihtuah fo thin. Mahse hei hi ABA-a hmun khat chauh a ni. DTT hi structured tak a ni a, therapist chuan naupang chu hna pakhat khat, step khat hnu step khatin a zirtir thin. Mi pakhatin tih a ni. Naupang thenkhat tan chuan he method hi a hlawhtling hle. A pawimawh ber chu tun hma chuan he hmanrua hi nungchang tha lo avanga hremna pek thin ni mahse tunah chuan khap vek a ni ta. Thil tih dan pawm a ni tawh lo. |
| Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) hmanga enkawl a ni. | Hetiang method hi DTT nen a danglam hle. A structure angin a awm lo. Infiamna hmanga zirtirna leh naupang nitin nun nena inzawm thilte a ngaih pawimawh ber a ni. PRT-ah chuan therapist chuan naupang duhzawng leh ngaihven zawng hmangin zirtirna a pe thin. Therapist chuan naupang chu a zui a, mahse naupang chu a duh ang ti turin a nawr lui lo. Entîr nân, naupang chuan block-a khelh a ngaihven a nih chuan, therapist chuan chu block-te chu a hmang a, a rawng, a pianzia, a nih loh leh a letter a zirtîr a ni. |
| Denver Model (ESDM) atanga tan hmasak ber . | Hei hi a chunga kan sawi zawng zawngte hi a inzawm khawm a ni. PRT ang bawkin ESDM method pawh hian play-based activities a nei tam ber . Mahse, a tul chuan DTT ang chi structured teaching methods te pawh hman theih a ni. Hetiang hmanraw danglam bik pakhat chu thiltih pakhat chhunga thil tum engemaw zat tihhlawhtlin a tum hi a ni. Entîr nân, naupang chu triangle pianzia zirtîr chu thiltum pakhat a ni thei. Chutih rual chuan, naupang chu triangle ang chi chu puzzle chhungah dik taka dah tir chu thil tum dang a ni thei a, naupang motor thiamna tha tak tihhmasawn a ni thei bawk. |
ABA therapy hian eng hlawkna ber nge a neih?
ABA therapy hian nang leh i fa tan pawh hlawkna engemaw zat a thlen thei a:
- Condition hrang hrang atana hman theihna: Hetiang method hi autism chauh ni lovin hriselna lama harsatna dang tam takah hman theih a ni.
- Naupang bik ruahmanna: Naupang zawng zawng hi an inang vek lo. Treatment plan hi i fa mamawh leh theihna ang zela siam a ni.
- Scientifically proven results: Hei hi fad mai a ni lo. Zirna tam tak chuan he enkawlna kawng hi hlawhtlinna leh rah tha tak a nei tih a finfiah tawh a ni.
- In lama hman theih dan: ABA therapy hian nang, nu leh pa, in lama i fate zirtir dan leh an hmasawnna teh dan tur a zirtir bawk. Hei hi i fate thanlenna atan a pawimawh hle.
ABA chungchangah hian khawtlang nunah eng ngaihdan dik lo nge awm?
Tun hma atang tawhin ABA therapy hi sawiselna leh ngaihdan dik lo hrang hrang a awm tawh a. A bik takin he hmanraw hman tan tirh khan naupang thil zir lote hremna hmanrua a hmang a. Mahse tunah chuan chutiang hmanrua chu an bânsan vek tawh tih kan hriat reng a ngai . Mahse mi thenkhat chuan chutiang ngaihdan dik lo an neih avangin he therapy hi an la dodal reng a ni.
| Ngaihdan dik lo | Thu Tak Tak Chu |
|---|---|
| "ABA hi naupangte chu 'normal' tura nawr tumna a ni." | Hei hi ngaihdan dik lo lian tak a ni. ABA thil tum ber chu naupang tihdanglam a, midang ang anga siam a ni lo. Hetah hian naupang himna leh zirlai tichhe thei khawpa khawtlang nun pawimawh tak takte tihdanglam hi ngaih pawimawh ber a ni . Entîr nân, naupangin mahni intihhlum a nih chuan, chu nungchang chu tihtawp chu naupang himna atân a pawimawh hle. |
| "Hei hi rannung zirtir ang mai a ni." | Positive reinforcement hi zirlai leh nungchang science-ah chuan thu bulpui ber a ni. Mihringah pawh rannungah pawh a awm ve tho. Zirtirtuin sikula naupang a fak ang chi thila hman thin principle tho kha a ni a, hnathawhna hmuna thawk tha mi tan bonus pek ang chi te pawh a ni. ABA-ah chuan he thu bul hi naupangte nun thiamna pawimawh tak tak zirtirna atan hman a ni. |
| "ABA hian nungchang lama harsatna chauh a ngaihtuah a ni." | Thiltih harsa tak takte tihtlem hi ABA-a thil awm pakhat a ni. Mahse a pawimawh zawk chu, naupangte chu chutiang nungchang tha lo thlak danglam turin nungchang dik tak, tanpui thei tak tak a zirtir a ni. "Don't yell" tih mai ai chuan an duhzawng dil dan tur leh an thinrimna thunun dan tur a zirtir zawk a ni. |
| "Hei hi naupangte hnathawhna tur pawisa pek chungchang a ni." | ‘Bribery’ leh ‘positive reinforcement’ hi thil danglam tak pahnih a ni. Bribe chu naupang pakhatin nungchang tha lo (e.g., dawr chhunga a inher kual a, a tap) a, chu chu tihtawp theihna tur thil kan pek hi a ni. But in positive reinforcement , naupang hnenah chuan, "Store chhungah i che tha a nih chuan kan chhuah hunah i duhzawng ka lei ang che," kan ti hmasa thin. Hetah hian beisei angin nungchang tha kan hrilh lawk a. |
Ka fa hian eng chen nge ABA therapy a mamawh ang?
Hei hi nu leh pa tam takin an zawh thin a ni. Mahse chhanna pakhat mah a awm lo. I fain ABA therapy a mamawh hun chhung hi thil engemaw zatah a innghat a ni. Naupang tin hi kan danglam vek.
I fain therapist nen hna an thawh tan hunah chuan i fain hun engzat nge a mamawh dawn tih rel turin a pui ang che. Therapist chuan therapy hman chi hrang hrang, i fain ṭanpuina a mamawh zat, leh i fain a ṭhat chak dan a ngaihtuah ang.
I fain autism a vei tih hriat a nih chuan nu leh pa angin nang pawhin i rilru a buai thei a, i buai hle bawk. I fa tan a tha ber tih i duh a ni. Mahse enkawlna kawng tam tak a awm avangin eng ber nge thlan tur tih hriat a harsa thei hle. Hemi chungchang hi sawipui tur tha ber chu i doctor hi a ni . I duhthlan turte chu a hnenah sawipui rawh. I ngaihtuah theih tur enkawlna tha ber pakhat chu ABA therapy hi a ni. Hei hian i fate chu an nungchang a thlak danglam thei a, thiamna a tipung thei a, nakin lawkah rawngbawlna bik an mamawhna a ti tlem thei bawk.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- ABA therapy hi scientific method a ni a, naupang nungchang tha a fak a, a tha zawngin a chhang let a, chu nungchang chu a ti tha zawk a ni.
- He enkawlna ruahmanna hi naupang tin tan a inang vek lo. I fate tana siam rem a ni a, trained specialist ten an siam a ni.
- Hei hian naupangte khawtlang nun thiamna, inbiakpawhna leh zirlai tihchangtlunna kawngah a pui a, nungchang harsa tak takte pawh a ti tlem bawk.
- Tunlai ABA therapy hian hremna chi hrang hrang a hmang lo. Chu chu hlau suh.
- Khawtlangah hian ABA chungchangah hian ngaihdan dik lo tam tak a awm a, chuvangin mi rintlak leh i doctor hnen atangin thu hriat tur zawng fo thin ang che.
- I fate tâna eng enkawlna kawng nge ṭha tih i rêl hmain i doctor chu i biak hmasa phawt ang che .
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