Kan kal (kidney) hi super filter pahnih ang mai a ni tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Ni e, chutiang chiah chu a ni. Kidney hna ber chu kan thisena bawlhhlawh duh loh, toxins leh tui tam lutuk te filter chhuah hi a ni. Mahse a chang chuan he filter hi a chhe a, a thawk tha tawh lo. Hetianga hun kal zelah kal hnathawh tlahniam zauh zauh hi Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) kan tih hi a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, chronic kidney disease (CKD) chu eng nge ni?
I in tui filter chu zawi zawiin a khar chho zel ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. A tirah chuan danglamna tam tak i hmu lovang, mahse hun kal zelah tui luang chu a hniam a, tui thlum pawh a inthlak danglam thin. Chu chu i kal (kidney) a chhiat chuan a thleng thin.
Kal (kidney) a chhiat chuan tha takin a filter thei lo va, thisen atanga bawlhhlawh a paih chhuak thei lo. Chumi hnuah chuan heng bawlhhlawh te hi thisenah an pung khawm tan ta a ni. "Chronic" tih thumal hi hman a nih chhan chu he natna hi hun kal zelah a lo awm zel vang a ni. Hei hi zan khata natna lo awm a ni lo.
A pawimawh ber chu he natna vei zawng zawng hian kal (kidney failure) an nei vek lovang. Enkawlna dik leh nunphung thlak danglam chuan kal (kidney) chhiatna chu kan thunun thei a, a hnathawh chu a rei thei ang bera kan humhim thei a ni.
Kan kal (kidney)-ah hian eng nge thleng tak tak?
Kidney pahnih kan nei a. Heng bean ang chi taksa pengte hi kan hnungzang-ah, kan ruhro sir lehlamah, kan rib cage hnuai chiahah an awm a. Kidney pakhat ang vela lian chu kan kutphah ang vel a ni. An hna ber chu thisen filter ni mah se, hna pawimawh dang tam tak an thawk bawk.
- Thisen tihthianghlim: Bawlhhlawh, toxins, leh thisena tui tam lutuk chu zun angin a chhuak thin.
- Salt leh mineral inthlauhna: Taksa mamawh electrolyte (salts) dik tak, sodium leh potassium te chu a vawng reng thei a ni.
- Hormone siam chhuah: Thisen sang control tu hormone leh red blood cell siamtu hormone te hi kal (kidney) atanga siam a ni.
- Ruh a tichak: Vitamin D hian ruh a tichak a, ruh a tichak bawk.
Heng thilte hi tih dik a nih loh chuan bawlhhlawh taksaah a pungkhawm a, kan damlo thin.
Kidney disease stage 5 te hi engte nge ni?
Doctor-te u, in kal (kidney) hnathawh that dan tehfung a awm. GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) tih a ni. A awlsam zawngin, hei hian minute khata i kal (kidney)-in thisen milliliter engzat nge a filter tih a teh a ni. He GFR value hmang hian natna hi stage pangaah then a ni. He hlutna hi thisen leh zun test hmangin kan hmu thei a ni.
| Dawhsan | GFR value (mL/min) a ni. | Awmzia |
|---|---|---|
| Stage 1-na a ni | 90 aia tam a ni | Kidney-ah hian chhiatna tlemte a awm a, mahse an hnathawh dan erawh a pangngai reng thung. |
| Stage 2-na a ni | 60 - 89 inkar a ni | Kidney function a tlahniam deuh a ni. |
| Stage 3-na a ni | 30 - 59 inkar a ni | Kidney function hi a tlahniam tawk hle. |
| Stage 4-na a ni | 15 - 29 chhung a ni | Kidney function a tlahniam nasa hle. |
| Stage 5-na a ni | Kum 15 hnuai lam | Kidney te hi complete failure (Kidney Failure) hnaih tawh tak a ni. |
He natna lan chhuah dan engte nge ni?
He natna chungchanga harsatna lian ber chu a tir lamah chuan symptoms a lantir lo . Bawlhhlawh taksaah a lo awm khawm a, natna lan chhuah nan kum tam tak a ngai thei. Chuvang chuan mi tam takin he natna hi an nei tih an hre lo. Natna a zual zel chuan hetiang hi i tawng thei a ni:
- Zun fo a ngai.
- Chau lutuk leh nunna nei lo anga inhria.
- Chaw chu a thlum lo.
- Kut, ke leh ke ruh a hring.
- Thâwk harsa.
- Foamy (bubbly) zun a awm.
- Mit hnuaiah a hring chhuak.
- Vun vawt leh itchy.
- Thil pakhata ngaihtuahna seng harsa.
- Mu thei lo.
- Taksa hmun thenkhatah tingling.
- Nausea emaw, luak chhuak emaw.
- Muscle a ti na hle.
- Thisen sang a sang.
- Vun a thim.
Heng symptoms te hi natna dangah pawh a awm thei a, chuvangin hetiang thil hi i tawng a nih chuan a tha ber chu doctor pan a, thurawn lak hi a ni.
Kal natna thlentu berte chu engte nge ni?
He natna hi kal (kidney) a chhiat a, a thawk tha tawh lo a nih chuan a lo awm thin. Chronic kidney disease-ah chuan he chhiatna hi a thleng zauh zauh a, kum tam tak chhung a thleng thin. Sri Lanka leh khawvel hmun hrang hrangah he natna hi a lo awm chhan lian tak pahnih a awm a.
1. Thisen sang (High Blood Pressure): Thisen sang a san chuan kal (kidney)-a thisen petu thisen kalna kawng nalh tak takte chu a chhiat phah thin. Hun a kal zel a, he chhiatna hian kal (kidney)-in thisen a filter theihna a ti tlem a ni.
2. Diabetes: Thisen sugar level a san chuan kidney-a fine filtering unit (glomeruli) te pawh a tichhe bawk.
Heng chhan lian pahnih bakah hian chhan dang tam tak a awm thei bawk.
| Chhan | Hrilhfiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| A chhan ber chu | Thisen sang (Hypertension) leh zunthlum vei te. |
| Glomerulonephritis natna a ni | Kidney-a filtering unit (glomeruli) te tihchhiat. |
| Polycystic kidney natna a ni | Hei hi thlahtu natna a ni a, kal (kidney)-ah hian fluid-filled cyst tam tak a lo awm thin. |
| Urinary tract tihkhawtlai a ni | Kidney lung, prostate lian, cancer vangin zun chhuah lohna. |
| Kidney infection lo awm leh thin (Pyelonephritis) . | Kidney-a bacteria infection awm fo thin. |
| Natna dang | Immune system natna, lupus ang chi te. |
Tu nge hlauhawm ber?
Tu pawhin kal natna khirh tak an nei thei. Mahse, a hnuaia mi hi i neih chuan risk sang zawk i ni:
- Diabetes i neih chuan.
- Thisen sang i neih chuan.
- Lung natna i neih chuan.
- Chhungkaw zingah kal natna nei tawh an awm chuan.
- Kum 60 aia upa i nih chuan.
- Painkillers (NSAIDs) , chu chu damdawi dawr atanga i lei theih tur painkiller chi hrang hrang, hun rei tak i ei tawh a nih chuan.
Engtin nge natna hi kan hriat theih ang?
Doctor i hmuh chuan i damdawi lam chanchin, chhungkaw chanchin, damdawi i ei dan leh i natna lan chhuah dan te a zawt ang che. Tichuan, taksa enfiahna an nei ang a, i kal hnathawh dan enfiah turin thisen leh zun test eng emaw zat an order ang.
- Thisen test: Hengte hian i GFR leh serum creatinine level an en ber a ni. Creatinine hi kan taksa ruh atanga siam bawlhhlawh a ni. Kidney hrisel chuan zunah a paih chhuak thin. Kidney a chhiat chuan thisenah creatinine a pungkhawm thin.
- Zun test: Hei hian zun chhunga protein (albumin) emaw thisen emaw a enfiah thin. Kal hrisel chuan heng thilte hi zun chhungah a kal phal lo.
A châng chuan, kal (kidney) lian leh te, a pianzia enfiah nân ultrasound scan ang chi thil tih a ni thei bawk. A nih loh leh, kal biopsy tih pawh a ni thei a, chu chu kal (kidney) a tlem hle a, chu chu enfiah a ngai a ni.
Engtin nge enkawl a nih?
Chronic kidney disease hi a dam kim thei lo. Mahse kal (kidney) tihchhiatna chu kan tihtlem thei a, a theih ang anga rei chu a level tha takah kan dah thei a ni. Hetah hian thil tih tur thenkhat kan rawn tarlang e.
Heng zawng zawng hi i doctor thupek anga tih tur a ni tih hre reng ang che.
Nunphung a inthlak danglam thin
- Doctor tlawh fo thin:Ni ruat saah i nephrologist hmu la, a tul anga test neih tir rawh.
- Zunthlum leh thisen sang control: Zunthlum emaw, thisen sang emaw i neih chuan control tha tur a ni.
- Kal tana tha lo damdawi ei loh tur: Painkiller ei chhunzawm loh tur a ni a, a bik takin doctor thurawn tel lo chuan ei chhunzawm loh tur a ni.
- Kidney-friendly diet: Hei hi a pawimawh hle. Salt (sodium), potassium tihtlem te, protein ei tlem te, cholesterol tlem ei tur te ei tur a ni.
- Meizial zuk loh tur.
- Exercise: Ni khatah minute 30 chhung exercise la, kar khatah ni 5 tal exercise la.
- I taksa rihna hrisel tak vawng reng rawh.
Damdawi chi hrang hrang
I dinhmun azirin i doctor chuan damdawi chi hrang hrang a pe thei bawk. Entir nan:
- Thisen sang tihhniamna damdawi (ACE inhibitor, ARBs) te.
- Diuretics hi taksa atanga tui tam lutuk paih chhuaktu damdawi a ni.
- Cholesterol tihhniamna damdawi.
- Thisen tlakchhamna (anemia) i neih chuan thisen zam (red blood cells) siam chhuahna tura puitu damdawi ei thin ang che.
- Ruh chak lohna venna atana vitamin D ang chi thil.
Kidney a chhiat vek chuan eng nge tih tur (End-Stage Kidney Disease)?
Natna hian stage 5 a thlen a, chu chu kidney failure vek tihna a ni a, dam khawchhuah nan kawng dang i hmang a ngai dawn a ni. Chumi atan chuan duhthlan tur lian tak pahnih a awm.
1. Dialysis: Dialysis tih hi khawl hmanga thisen tihfai theih loh, kal (kidney)-in a tihfai theihna tur a ni.
- Hemodialysis: Hei hi i thisen chu machine-ah thawn a ni a, chutah chuan bawlhhlawh paih chhuah a ni a, chumi hnuah i taksaah dah leh a ni. Hei hi kar khatah vawi thum tih thin a ni tlangpui a, vawi khatah darkar 4 vel tih thin a ni.
- Peritoneal Dialysis: Hetah hian i pum chhunga tube dah hmangin tui bik inject a ni. Fluid hian i taksa atanga bawlhhlawh a lakluh hnuah, chu tube vek hmangin a paih chhuak leh thin. Hei hi in lama tih theih a ni a, damdawi inah kal lovin.
2. Kidney Transplant: Kal chhia chu surgery hmanga kal hrisel tak hmanga thlak a ni. Hei hi mi nung (a tlangpuiin chhungte) emaw, mitthi (organ donor) atanga tih theih a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Chronic kidney disease chu hun kal zelah kal hnathawh tlahniam zauh zauh hi a ni.
- Hei hi a hlauhawm ber chu a tir lamah chuan symptoms a lantir lo mai thei . Chuvang chuan zunthlum vei leh thisen sang nei tan chuan kal (kidney) endik fo a pawimawh hle.
- Natna hi tihdam kim theih ni lo mah se, .Kidney chhiatna hi enkawl dan dik leh nunphung thlak danglamin control theih a ni.
- I doctor thupek ang chiah kha zawm rawh. I damdawi ei tur dik tak ei la, i ei leh in thunun la, exercise la bawk ang che.
- He natna hi i vei tih hriat hlau suh. Enkawlna mumal tak nen chuan nun pangngai i hmang thei ang. Tin, i chhungte leh i thiante thlawpna pawh la bawk ang che.
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