Kan thluaka information hi engtin nge a kal leh chhuak tih i ngaihtuah ngai em? Palai tenau pawl khatin hna mak tak thawk tura thawhhona ang mai a ni. Heng thuchahte hi neurotransmitter kan ti a. A châng chuan damdawi lam dinhmun ṭhenkhat avang hian he thuchah inthlengna hi a buaithlak deuh thei a ni. Chutah chuan damdawi thenkhat chu kan tanpui thin. Vawiin hian chutiang damdawi chi khat, dopamine antagonists tih chu kan sawi dawn a ni.
A awlsam zawngin, heng dopamine antagonists te hi engte nge ni?
Hei hi hrethiam tur chuan dopamine chu eng nge a nih kan hriat hmasak a ngai a ni. Dopamine hi kan thluaka neurotransmitter pawimawh tak a ni. Thil tam tak, kan ngaihtuahna, kan rilru put hmang, leh kan chezia te pawh a thunun thei a ni.
Tunah chuan kan thluak cell-te hian ‘lock’ tlemte an nei tih han ngaihtuah teh. Hengte hi ‘receptors’ kan ti thin. Messenger dopamine hi ‘key’ ang mai a ni. He key hi chu lock (receptor) chhunga a in fit chuan chu cell chu ‘activated’ a ni a, chu chu a hna a thawk tan tihna a ni.
Okay, chuti a nih chuan ‘dopamine antagonist’ an tih damdawi hian eng nge a tih? He damdawi hi ‘chabi lem’ ang mai a ni a, chu lock chhungah chuan i dah thei a, mahse lock chu i hawng thei lo. Chu chu, he damdawi hi dopamine-in a set tur lock `(receptor)`-ah a lut a, chu chu a `(block)` tihna a ni.
A awlsam zawka sawi chuan party-a chair pakhat, card-a ‘Reserved’ tih ziak chu han mitthla teh. Tumah an thu lo nain i thu thei lo a ni lawm ni? Chutiang chuan he damdawi hian hna a thawk a ni. Dopamine receptor chu a thawk thei lo va, dopamine tak tak a rawn lut a, a tichak lo.
Hetiang hian thluak cell thenkhat activation a control avangin he damdawi hian rilru natna thenkhat leh symptom dang control nan a tangkai hle.
He damdawi hi eng dinhmunah nge hman a nih?
Dopamine antagonist damdawi hi chi hnih ah then theih a ni a, mahse damdawi thenkhat hian category pahnih ah hna a thawk thei a ni.
1. Antipsychotic drugs: Psychosis leh a kaihhnawih natna enkawlna atana hman thin damdawi.
2. Antiemetic drugs: Nausen leh luak chhuak tihtawp nana damdawi pek thin.
Heng damdawi hmanga enkawl natna ber berte hi han thlir ila.
| Ruihhlo chi hrang hrang | Conditions enkawl a ni |
|---|---|
| Antipsychotics damdawi a ni |
|
| Antiemetics damdawi a ni |
|
Eng damdawi chi nge heng category-a tel?
Damdawi chi hrang hrang, heng zingah hian a tla a. Rilru natna atana antipsychotic damdawi hi a tlangpuiin "generation" pahnih ah then a ni. Chu chu damdawi hlui zawk hmuhchhuah hmasak (first generation) leh a hnu lama hmuhchhuah thar zawk, side effect tlem zawk nei (second generation) tihna a ni.
Damdawi thlah khatna (Typical) te
Hengte hi damdawi hlui deuh deuh thenkhat an ni. Chung zinga ṭhenkhat chu:
- `Chlorpromazine` tih a ni
- `Haloperidol (Haldol®) tih a ni
- `Fluphenazine` tih a ni
- `Perphenazine` tih a ni
- `Prochlorperazine` tih a ni
Damdawi thlah hnihna (Atypical) te
Hengte hi damdawi thar tak tak an ni.
- `Olanzapine (Zyprexa®) tih a ni
- `Risperidone (Risperdal®) hmanga siam a ni`
- `Quetiapine (Seroquel®) tih hi a awm a ni
- `Aripiprazole (Abilify®) hman tur a ni`
- `Clozapine (Clozaril®) hmanga siam a ni`
Nausea leh luak chhuak tan antiemetic damdawi
Heng damdawi tarlan thenkhat hi rilru lam natna list-ah hian i hmu tawh mai thei. A chhan chu heng thil pahnih hi an tih theih vang a ni.
- `Metoclopramide (Reglan®) hmanga siam a ni`
- `Prochlorperazine` tih a ni
- `Olanzapine` tih a ni
- `Haloperidol` tih a ni
- `Domperidone` (He damdawi hi Sri Lanka ramah chuan a tam lo hle a, phalna bik nei chauhvin lak theih a ni)
Pawimawh: Hengte hi entirnan tlemte chauh a ni. I doctor hian he list-a damdawi hi a pe lo mai thei. Doctor thurawn tel lovin midang damdawi hmang ngai suh, ei kha bansan suh, a dose pawh thlak ngai suh.
Heng damdawi te hian eng hlawkna nge a neih?
Dopamine antagonists hi damdawi class tangkai tak a ni.
Rilru natna tan chuan:
Psychosis ang chi natna nei tan chuan he damdawi hi nunna chhanhim thei a ni . Heng natna vei te hian anmahni an tihnat emaw, midangte tihduhdah emaw an nih theihna a ti tlem thei a ni. Nun pangngaia nun, hnathawh leh chhungte nena hlim taka awm theihna chance nasa zawk a pe thei a ni.
Nausea leh luak chhuak tan:
Keini tan chuan luak chhuak hi hun engemaw chen hnua reh mai mai a ni mai thei. Mahse, cancer vei pakhat kha han ngaihtuah teh. Chemotherapy an lak laia an rilru hahna leh luak chhuak hi a nasat em avangin nunna atana hlauhawm pawh a ni thei. Hetiang hunah hian damdawi dangin hna a thawh loh chuan heng dopamine antagonist damdawi te hian hahdamna nasa tak a thlen thei a ni.
Side effect emaw risk emaw a awm em?
Ni e, damdawi dang ang bawkin heng damdawi te hian side effect a nei thei a ni. Mahse heng side effects zawng zawng hi mi zawng zawng hian kan nei vek lo. Thil tam takah a innghat a, chu chu damdawi i ei dan te, a hman dan tur te, leh i taksa dinhmun te hi a ni. A pawimawh ber chu hei hi hlau lo la, Doctor nen zalen taka inbiakna neih hi a ni.
| Side effect awm thei | A sawifiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| Sedation tih hi a ni | Hei hi damdawi ei tirh lamah chuan a awm fo thin. Hei hi taksain damdawi a hman thiam deuh deuh chuan a tlahniam ang. |
| Movement Disorder awm thei te | - Akathisia tih hi a ni.Hmun khata awm theih lohna rilru hahdamna, inher kual reng a ngai tih hriatna. - Dystonia: taksa ruh a tikhauh nghal, a inher (e.g., a sir khatah a kawr a hrual). - Tardive Dyskinesia: Damdawi hi hun rei tak hman a nih chuan hmai, hmui leh lei a inthlak danglam thei. |
| Orthostatic Hypotension a awm thei | Thut emaw, mut emaw atanga i ding nghal vat a, lu hah emaw, lu hah emaw tih hriat. Hei hi thisen sang tlahniam nghal vang a ni. |
| Hormone inthlak danglamna | Hormone prolactin a pun chuan hmeichhiate chu an thlasik hun a titawp thei a, an hnute an pek loh laiin an hnute atanga tui ang chi tui a chhuak thei bawk. |
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome natna a ni | Hei hi thil awm lo tak, mahse nunna atana hlauhawm thei tak a ni. Khawsik sang, taksa ruh natna, leh hriatna hloh ang chi natna lanchhuahna a lo lang nghal a nih chuan damdawi in Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)-ah i kal nghal tur a ni. |
I doctor chuan heng side effects te hi a hrilh belh ang che a, a tlem thei ang bera i tih theih dan tur a hrilh ang che.
Zawhna dang thenkhat i nei thei bawk
He damdawi hi eng chen nge ka ei a ngaih?
I enkawl mek dinhmunah a innghat. Damdawi thenkhat, anti-nausea damdawi ang chi te hi a tul hunah chauh ei thin a ni. Mahse rilru lam natna damdawi hi kum tam tak chhung, a nih loh leh i dam chhung zawng pawh ei a ngai mai thei. I doctor chuan eng chen nge i ei tur tih chiang takin a rel ang.
He damdawi hi ka ei lai hian hna ka thawk thei ang em, ka khalh thei ang em?
Hei hi zawhna pawimawh tak a ni. Heng damdawi thenkhat hian mutthilh nasat emaw hahna emaw a thlen thei a ni . Chuvangin, heng damdawi ei lai hian lirthei khalh emaw, machinery hman emaw hi a him em tih doctor hnenah i zawt ngei ang. Thurawn tha ber ber a pe ang che.
Dopamine antagonists hi damdawi chi pawimawh tak a ni a, mi maktaduai tam tak nun tichangtlungtu a ni. Side effect nei mah se, doctor kaihhruaina hnuaia uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan a hlawkna chu a tam zawk daih.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Damdawi dopamine antagonists an tih hian thluaka dopamine message dawngtu receptor te chu a block thin.
- Hengte hi rilru lam natna, psychosis leh severe nausea/vomiting te enkawlna atan an hmang ber a ni.
- Hengte hi damdawi tha tak tak ni mahse, side effects, mutthilh leh chetna lama harsatna te a thlen thei a ni.
- He damdawi hi doctor thurawn tel lo chuan tan ngai suh, titawp ngai suh, tidanglam ngai suh.
- Damdawi i hman laiin harsatna danglam tak i tawk a nih chuan i doctor hnenah hrilh hreh suh.
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