COVID-19 hripui leng nen hian kan zavaia deuhthaw hian kan hriat tawh leh kan nun nena inhnaih em em thumal pakhat chu ‘mRNA vaccine’ tih hi a ni. He thumal hi Pfizer leh Moderna ang hminga sawi fo thin a ni tih i hre reng mai thei. Mi thenkhatin an sawi tha hle a, thenkhat erawh chuan he technology thar hi tlem an hlau hle thung. Chuti a nih chuan mRNA vaccine hi eng nge ni tak tak? Engtin nge kan taksa chhungah hna a thawh? Engtin nge vaccine pangngai nen a danglam? Hlauh tur a awm em? Heng zawng zawng hi awlsam takin, i hriatthiam theih dan tur angin sawi ila.
mRNA vaccine chu eng nge ni mai?
A awlsam zawngin, mRNA vaccine hi kan taksa chu natna laka invenna atana zirtirtu, a nih loh leh zirtirtu, venna damdawi a ni. Doctor emaw trained health worker emaw chuan needle hmanga injection angin a pe che a ni.
Tun thlenga khawvela hman phalna mRNA vaccine awmchhun chu COVID-19 laka invenna atan a ni. Heng hming pahnih hi i hre reng mai thei:
- Comirnaty® (hei hi Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine kan hriat vek a ni)
- Spikevax® (hei hi Moderna vaccine a ni) .
Mahse he technology hi a chak hle a ni. Scientist-te chuan he mRNA technology hmang hian natna hrik kai theih dang, cancer ang chi natna chi hrang hrang vaccine siam theih a nih leh nih loh an zirchiang tawh a ni. Chumi awmzia chu nakin lawkah he technology atang hian hlawkna nasa tak kan hmu mai thei tihna a ni.
Okay, chuti a nih chuan he mRNA hi eng nge ni?
Hei hi scientific deuhin a lang thei a, mahse entirnan awlsam tak hmangin ka hrilhfiah ang che.
I taksa chhunga DNA awm chu library lian takah chuan hlu tak, master book angin ngaihtuah rawh. He lehkhabuah hian i taksa siam thatna tur leh a hnathawh that theihna tura instruction leh recipe mamawh zawng zawng a awm vek a ni. He master book hi a hlu em em a, library atanga lak chhuah phal a ni lo va, copy pawh phal a ni lo. A him taka vawn a ngai a ni.
Tunah chuan hetah hian mRNA a lo lut ta a, mRNA hi "messenger Ribonucleic Acid" tihna tawi a ni. 'Messenger' ang mai a ni. A tih chu library-a main book (DNA)-ah a kal a, chutih lai chuan taksain a mamawh protein siam dan tur recipe (instructions) copy chu lehkhaah a ziak lut a ni. Tichuan chu lehkha phek chu a la a, library atang chuan a chhuak a, cell (ribosomes kan tih chu) kitchen-ah a lut ta a ni.
Kitchen-a chaw siamtu (ribosomes) te chuan messenger-in a rawn ken recipe (mRNA) chu an en a, a ziah ang chiah hian protein chu an siam a ni. Hna an thawh zawh chuan a recipe ziakna lehkha chu an phelh a, an paih chhuak ta a ni. An vawng reng lo.
Chuvangin, mRNA vaccine-in a tih chu kan taksa hian pawn lam virus (entir nan, COVID-19 virus) atanga thil te tak te, hriat theih tur siamtu ‘recipe’ chauh a pe a ni.
Engtin nge mRNA vaccine hian kan taksaah hna a thawh?
Vaccine dang zawng zawng ang bawkin mRNA vaccine hian kan taksa immune system chu hmêlma (virus ang chi) hre thei turin a zirtir a, chu hmelma do tur chuan ralthuam mamawh a siam chhuak a ni.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-a hetiang thil a thlen dan hi han en ila:
1. Thupek pek: Vaccine i lak hian i cell te chu COVID-19 thlentu SARS-CoV-2 virus spike ang chi spike protein siamna tur ‘recipe’ (mRNA) pek an ni. Hei hi virus pumpui a ni lo tih hre reng ang che, a then pawh a ni lo. A siam dan tur ‘thupek’ chauh a ni.
2. Cell te hian protein an siam: Kan cell te hian chu instruction chu an chhiar a, spike protein an siam tan thin. Heng protein te hi kan cell chung lamah a lang chhuak thin.
3. Immune system activation: Tunah chuan kan taksa defense (immune system) te hian he spike protein thar hi an hmu a, an buai ta a ni. "He mi hi tu nge ni? Hei hi kan zinga mi a ni lo," tiin a ngaihtuah a, 'invader' tiin a inhriattir a ni.
4. Hriamhrei: Tichuan security force te chuan he hmelma do tur hian ralthuam bik an siam tan ta a ni. Heng ralthuam te hi antibodies kan tih te hi an ni . He hmelma hre reng thei tur ‘memory cell’ chi khat an siam bawk.
5. Instruction tihchhiat: Thuchah kan chhiar a, kan phelh a, kan paih chhuak ang bawkin, kan cell te hian he mRNA atang hian instruction chu la in ni rei lo te chhungin a tichhia vek a ni. Kan taksaah a awm reng lo va, kan DNA nen pawh a inzawm lo. Hei hi mi tam takin an hriatthiam loh thil a ni.
Tunah chuan COVID-19 virus tak tak chu i taksaah a lut tawh ang tih han ngaihtuah teh. He virus hi i immune system tan chuan thil thar a ni lo. He virus spike protein hi an hmu tawh a, do turin an inpeih tawh a ni. Chuvangin, i taksaa a darh hmain rang takin an tichhia thei a ni. Hei hian natna khirh tak i neih loh nan a venghim che a ni.
Traditional vaccine leh mRNA vaccine te hi eng nge an danglamna?
A danglamna ber chu kan taksa hriselna (immune system) hian hmelma a hriat danah a ni. Hei hi awlsam zawka hriatthiam theih nan he table hi han en ila .
| Vaccine chi hrang hrang | A hnathawh dan (a awlsam zawngin) . |
|---|---|
| Traditional Vaccine hman dan tur | Virus pumpui, deactivated emaw, nasa taka chak lo emaw, virus protein subunit te chu taksaah direct-in an inject vek a ni. Immune system hian he thil dang hi a chhang let thin. |
| mRNA Vaccine te hi a ni | Virus peng pakhat mah taksaah pek a ni lo. Chu ai chuan keimahni cell-te tan virus-a hriat theih tur hmun siam turin ‘instructions’ (mRNA) chauh a pe zawk a ni. Immune system chuan chu protein chu kan cell siamin a chhang let thin. |
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine zawng zawng hi a ni em?
No. Entirnan, COVID-19 vaccine Novavax® an tih hi mRNA vaccine a ni lo. Protein subunit vaccine a ni. Chu chu SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein chi hrang hrang taksaah direct-in a inject tihna a ni.
Vaccine i lak hian eng nge thleng?
Hetiang kalphung hi a awlsam hle a, shot i neih tawh chuan hei hi a inang reng a ni.
1. Healthcare worker chuan i kut chunglam (a nih loh leh naupang tê tê tan i kawrfual pawh ni thei) chu zu in hmangin a tifai ang.
2. Tichuan injection chu needle nalh tak tak hmangin an pe leh thin.
3. Puncture na hmunah plaster tlem te te hnawih thin ang che.
A pawimawh ber chu injection i pek hnuah minute 15 vel chu i ding reng tur a ni. Hei hi allergic reaction na tak, rang tak a awm leh awm loh enfiah nan a ni. Tlemte luak chhuak emaw, needle hlau emaw i nih chuan he hun chhung hian thut mai a tha ber.
mRNA vaccine hian eng nge a thatna?
He technology hian thatna lian tak pahnih a nei a.
- Rapid production: Traditional vaccine siam tur chuan virus hi laboratory-ah chin a ngai a ni. Hei hian hun rei tak a daih a ni. Mahse mRNA vaccine-ah chuan virus hi tihpun a ngai lo. Virus genetic code hriat a nih hnuah a inmil mRNA chu rang takin a siam thei ta a ni. Chuvangin, hripui leng a lo thlen chuan thla tam tak emaw, kum tam tak emaw nghah ai chuan kar tlemte chhungin vaccine tam tak siam chhuah theih a ni.
- Vaccine lak loh laka invenna: COVID-19 vaccine eng pawh, a bik takin mRNA vaccine lak hian vaccine la lo mi nena khaikhin chuan heng hlawknate hi a pe che a ni:
- COVID-19 hri kai theihna a ti tlem.
- Hri kai a nih pawhin natna khirh tak nei leh damdawi ina awm theihna chu nasa takin a tlahniam a ni.
- COVID-19 atanga dam leh hnua hun rei tak chhunga COVID natna vei theihna tihziaawmna.
mRNA vaccine hian eng nge a hlauhawmna leh a side effects?
Damdawi dang ang bawkin mRNA vaccine hian side effect tenau tak tak a nei a, allergic reaction pawh a nei tlem hle. Hengte hi hriat chian a pawimawh.
I immune system hian hna a thawk tan a, defense a siam tan tih hriattirna tha tak a ni tih hre reng ang che. Chungte chu ni khat emaw ni hnih emaw chhungin a bo vek tlangpui.
| Side Effect awm tlangpui | Allergic Reaction Signs hmuh tur awm lo mahse na tak tak |
|---|---|
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Engtikah nge Doctor ka hmuh ang?
Hei hi a pawimawh hle.
Allergic symptom na tak tak, thawk harsa, hives, emaw hmai, hmui, lei, emaw, rilru na emaw i neih chuan , a hnai ber hospital emergency room (ETU)-ah kal nghal vat rawh. Hei hi medical emergency a ni.
He vaccine chungchanga zawhna dang i neih chuan, emaw, he vaccine hi i damdawi lam dinhmun dang nen a inmil em tih i chiang lo a nih chuan, i chhungkaw doctor nen inbiakna neih hreh suh. Engkim a hrilhfiah ang che a, thurawn dik tak a pe ang che.
He mRNA technology hi eng history nge ni?
COVID-19 hri leng vangin rang takin lar ni mah se, he mRNA technology hi nizan lama hmuhchhuah a ni lo. Kum sawm tam tak chhunga research history a nei a ni.
- mRNA technology chungchanga zirchianna bulpui ber chu kum 1970 chho atang khan an tan a.
- Kum 1990 chho vel khan scientist-te chuan vaccine siamna atana hman theih a nih leh nih loh en an tum hmasa ber a ni.
- Mahse chutih lai chuan harsatna lian tak tak a awm a. mRNA molecule hi a chhe thei hle. Vawikhat taksaah a awm tawh chuan kan immune system hian a tichhia a ni. Tin, cell chhunga luh theihna tur kawng a awm lo bawk.
- Kum 20 chuang zet zirchianna an neih hnuah scientist-te chuan heng harsatnate chinfel dan tur an hmuchhuak ta a ni. MRNA molecule humhim turin thau te te (lipid nanoparticles) coating siam an zir a. Hei hi tunlai vaccine-a hman thin chu a ni.
- A tawpah chuan kum 2018 khan damdawi pakhat patisiran tih chu thluak lam natna hmuh tur awm lo tak enkawlna atan pawm a ni ta a ni. Cell-a RNA thawn luh dan ang chiah hian a hnuah Pfizer leh Moderna ang company-te tan COVID-19 vaccine siam chhuahna kawng a hawng ta a ni.
Thil thar, a bik takin damdawi lamah chuan tlem a hlau leh rinhlelh hi thil pangngai a ni. Kan hmanraw hlui nena danglam deuh thil a lo chhuah chuan kan rin nghal a harsa thin. Mahse he mRNA technology hi kum sawm tam tak chhunga scientist sang tam takin an lo siam chhuah tawh a ni a, a him tih an finfiah tawh a ni. Hei vang hian hripui na tak a lo thlen chuan kum tam tak nghah ai chuan thla engemaw zat chhungin vaccine him, tangkai tak kan siam thei ta a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- mRNA vaccine-ah hian virus emaw, virus hmun thenkhat emaw a awm lo. Virus-a hriat theih tur hmun siamna atana mamawh ‘instructions’ (mRNA) chauh an nei a ni.
- He thupek hi kan cell-te’n an hman hnu ni engemaw zat chhungin taksa atangin a bo vek a ni. Engti kawng mahin kan DNA a nghawng lo.
- Heng vaccine te hian natna khirh tak tak, damdawi ina awm, leh thihna, a bik takin COVID-19 ang natna avanga thihna venna kawngah nasa takin a thawk a ni.
- Vaccine pek hnua lu na leh taksa na ang chi side effect tenau te hi a awm fo a, i immune system a thawk tih a tilang bawk.
- Allergy na tak, thawk harsa emaw, hmai hring emaw hi a tlem hle. Mahse, an lo awm a nih chuan damdawi in pakhat Emergency Department (ETU)-ah i kal nghal tur a ni.
- Ringhlelna emaw zawhna emaw i neih chuan internet-a thu hmuhte chauh ring suh la, doctor rawn rawh.
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