Tramadol leh Morphine ang chi natna tidamtu chak tak tak i hre tawh mai thei. Doctor-te chuan heng damdawi hi operation thenkhat hnuah emaw, cancer ang chi natna nasa tak an neih chuan an hmang thin. Mahse hengte hi hman dik loh a nih chuan, chu chu i overdose chuan a pawi hle thei a, nunna pawh a tichhe thei a ni. Chutiang dinhmun hlauhawmah chuan damdawi chi khat bik a awm a, chu chuan heng ruihhlo hnathawh titawp nghal thei leh nunna chhanhim thei a ni. Chu chu ‘Opioid Antagonist’ kan tih chu a ni.
A hmasain he ‘opioid’ hi eng nge a nih i en ang u?
A awlsam zawngin sawi ila, opioid hi chemical pawl pakhat a ni a, kan nerve cell te nen thawk hovin natna tihziaawmna an siam a ni. Ṭhenkhat chu a pianphungah a awm a, ṭhenkhat erawh chu laboratory-a siam a ni thung. Doctor-te chuan natna hniam lam atanga natna nasa tak enkawlna atan an hmang tlangpui. Mahse, he pawl khata tel, heroin ang chi ruihhlo dan lo pawh a awm bawk.
Mite chu heng opioids hi an hmang nasa zawk a ni . A chhan chu hrehawmna an tireh mai ni lovin, hlimna mak tak, tui chawi (euphoria) hriatna an rawn keng tel bawk. Hun a kal zel a, chu nuam tihna chu i hmuh hmaa dose ei chu a tawk lo. Hei hi ‘tolerance’ kan ti a. Tichuan, dose tihpun tumin thlemna i tawk ta a ni. A tawpah chuan hei hi opioid hmanna lama harsatnaah a chang thei a ni.
Chuti a nih chuan engtin nge he opioid antagonist hian hna a thawh?
Hei hi hrethiam tur chuan entirnan tlem han la ila. Kan taksa, a bik takin thluak leh ruhro (central nervous system)-ah hian opioids chhanna pe thei ‘receptor’ bik a nei tih han ngaihtuah teh. Keyhole ang maiin. Chungte chu mu, kappa, leh delta receptor an ti a. A hnathawh ber chu heng mu receptor te hi a ni .
- Opioids (painkillers) hi he keyhole chhunga lut ‘right key’ ang mai a ni. Chu chabi chu i dah a, i turn chuan, chu chu opioid i ei chuan chu receptor te chu a thawk chhuak a, a natna chu a reh a, thawk a tlahniam a, chu hlimna ka sawi tawh kha a lo thleng ta a ni.
- Opioid antagonists te hi chu keyhole chhungah chuan ‘fake key’ ang mai an ni a, mahse a turn theih loh. He damdawi hi taksaa a luh chuan chu receptor, keyholes-ah chuan a kal nghal vat thin. Mahse receptor chu a activate lo. Chu ai chuan keyhole chu a block zawk a ni.
Tunah chuan i hrethiam em? Fake key chu keyhole-ah a tang tlat avangin ‘right key’, opioid chu lo kal a, a inzawm theihna tur kawng a awm lo. Chuvangin opioids te nghawng chu a tawp vek a ni. Mi pakhatin opioid a overdose a, thawk a chawlhsan ang maia a lan chuan, chutiang chu he antagonist i pek hian a thleng thin. A lut nghal a, opioids hnathawh chu a titawp a, chu chuan thawk pangngaiin a thawk leh thei ta a ni.
Opioid antagonist chi hrang hrangte chu engte nge ni?
Heng damdawi hi chi hrang hrang a awm a. Thil tum hrang hrang atan hman a ni vek. He dawhkan hi ngun zawkin han thlir ila.
| Damdawi hming | A hmanna ber | Point pawimawh tak tak |
|---|---|---|
| Naloxone a ni | Opioid overdose avanga nunna chhanhim thei damdawi. | Injection angin emaw, hnar spray angin emaw pek thin a ni. Mi pakhatin opioid overdose avanga thawk a chawlhsan chuan minute 2-5 chhungin thawk a siam tha leh thei a ni. Kan ramah chuan damdawiin-a emergency treatment unit (ETU)-ah hman a ni ber. |
| Naltrexone a ni | Opioid leh zu ruihhlo ngawlvei enkawlna atana hun rei tak enkawlna atan. | Hei hian ruihhlo ngawlvei hneh turin a pui a ni. Opioid ei avanga euphoria lo awm thin chu a veng a ni. Mahse withdrawal symptoms emaw cravings emaw a control lo. Pill emaw injection emaw hmangin a awm thin. |
| Methylnaltrexone hmanga siam a ni | Opioid painkiller chak tak avanga constipation awm tan. | Hei hi a danglam deuh hlek a ni. Thluak lamah a kal lo. Chu ai chuan intestine chhunga opioid receptor te chauh a block zawk a ni. Chuvangin natna damdawi hnathawh a tibuai lo va, constipation a tihziaawm mai a ni. Natna khirh tak neia enkawl mek tan a ni. |
| Nalmefene a ni | Opioid overdose tan chuan. | Hei hi naloxone nen a inang a, mahse taksaah hian a thawk rei zawk a ni. Mahse, naloxone angin hman a ni lo. |
Heng damdawi te hian eng side effect nge a neih?
Naloxone leh Naltrexone ang damdawi te hian a nghawng ber leh a nghawng nghal ber chu ‘opioid withdrawal symptoms’ a lo awm hi a ni. Ngaihtuah teh, mi taksa chu opioids hi a lo hmang rei tawh hle a ni. Hei hi antagonist pek nghal a, a hnathawh tihtawp a nih chuan taksa chhanna a ni.
Heng withdrawal symptoms te hi engte nge ni?
- Hnar luang chhuak
- Mit atanga mittui tla lutuk
- Yawning fo thin
- Thâwk chakna a sang (Hyperventilation) .
- Hyperthermia a awm thin
- Lung chakna sang (Tachycardia) .
- Muscle na a na
- Nausea leh luak chhuak
- Kawthalo
- Hlauhthawnna
Heng symptoms nasat dan hi mi hrang hrangah a inang lo. Eng chen nge hman a nih a, eng ang chiah nge opioid hman a nih tih ah a innghat. Damdawi inah chuan doctor-te chuan he natna hi an enkawl tha hle. Saline (IV fluids) leh damdawi dang an pe thin.
Constipation atana hman thin Methylnaltrexone hian a side effect a inang lo hle. Anni chu:
- Pum natna
- Pum chhung a khat
- Nausea emaw, luak chhuak emaw
- Lu na
- Muscle a rawn inher chhuak
- Luak chhuak thei
Heng damdawi te hian eng hlawkna nge a neih?
Side effect awm mahse, heng damdawi te hian hlawkna a nei tam zawk daih.
Naloxone hi nunna chhanhim thei damdawi a ni . Opioid overdose avanga thihna a veng thei a ni. Chu chu a pawimawh ber a ni.
Naltrexone a niOpioid emaw zu ruihhlo ngawlvei ang chi dinhmun khirh tak enkawlnaah a pawimawh hle. Mahse amah chauhin a tawk lo. Ruihhlo ngawlvei hi natna khirh tak a ni. Kawng hrang hrang atanga enkawl a ngai a, chu chu psychotherapy leh rehabilitation te hi a ni. Naltrexone hi damdawi a ni a, chu zinkawng chu chakna nasa tak a pe a ni.
Nangmah emaw, i hriat mi emaw hian hetiang harsatna hi i nei a nih chuan i doctor hnenah hemi chungchang hi sawipui rawh. Heng natnate hi doctor leh method hrang hrang a awm nual a.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Opioid antagonist hi damdawi chi khat a ni a, taksaa opioids (natna tidamtu chak tak leh heroin ang damdawi) te hnathawh tikhawlotu a ni.
- Naloxone hi damdawi pawimawh tak, rang taka thawk thei a ni a, opioid ei tam lutuk tawhte nunna chhanhim nan pek theih a ni.
- Heng damdawi te hi a bik takin a taksain opioid a hman tawhte hnena pek a nih chuan withdrawal symptoms na tak a thlen thei a ni. Chuvangin damdawi lam enkawlna hnuaia hman reng tur a ni.
- Ruihhlo ngawlvei hi chak lohna a ni lova, enkawl theih a ni. Nangmah emaw, i hriat miin emaw tanpuina an mamawh a nih chuan zak suh la, doctor hnenah hemi chungchang hi sawipui rawh.
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