Zunthlum hi tunlai kan khawtlang nunah mi tam takin an sawi uar hle a, thenkhatin an hlau deuh bawk. He thu hi in lamah te, chhûngte zîngah te, leh ṭhiante zîngah te sawi tam a nih thu i hre tawh ngei ang. Chuvangin vawiin hian zunthlum chi khat, ‘Type 2 Diabetes’ chungchang hi han sawi ila. Hei hi uluk taka enkawl a nih chuan hlauh tur a ni lo, chu chu hre reng ang che.
A awlsam zawngin, type 2 diabetes chu eng nge ni?
Okay, hei hi awlsam takin i hrethiam ang u. Kan eitur hian kan thisenah sugar (chu chu ``Glucose'' kan tih) a belhchhah a. He sugar hi kan taksa chakna petu a ni. Mahse he sugar hi kan taksa cell-a thawn lut tur kan mamawh a ni. Chu hna chu hormone ``Insulin'' tih hmanga thawk a ni a, chu chu kan pancreas tih organ pakhatin a siam a ni. Insulin hi kan cell kawngkhar hawnsaktu chabi angin han ngaihtuah teh.
Harsatna pahnih zinga pakhat chu type 2 diabetes-ah a awm a.
1. Insulin Resistance: A chang chuan kan taksa cell te hian chu key (insulin) chu a chhang tha lo. Kawngkhar keyhole chu a rust ang mai a ni. Tichuan, insulin awm mah se, cell luhna kawngkhar chu a inhawng lo.
2. Insulin tlakchhamna: Hun kal zelah kan pancreas hian he resistance hi hneh turin insulin siam turin nasa takin hna a thawk thin. Mahse reilote hnuah chuan a chau lutuk a, insulin a siam tling thei lo.
Heng chhan pahnih avang hian thisen a sugar chu cell chhungah a lut thei lo va, thisenah a pung khawm thin. Chuvangin thisen sugar level sang hi `(Hyperglycemia) .` kan ti a ni.Mi hrisel tak thisen sugar level hi 70-99 mg/dL inkar a ni tlangpui. Mahse, zunthlum vei tan chuan he value hi 126 mg/dL emaw a aia tam emaw a ni thei.
He natna lan chhuah dan engte nge ni? Hengte pawh hi i nei em tih en rawh
Type 2 diabetes chungchanga thil danglam tak pakhat chu a symptoms te hi a lang zawi hle fo thin. Chuvangin mi thenkhat chuan kum tam tak chhung chu zunthlum an vei tih pawh an hre lo mai thei. Mahse a hnuaia symptoms te hi i hriat chian a ngai.
| Symptom a ni | A sawifiahna awlsam tak |
|---|---|
| Tuihal fo thin | Thisen thlum sang hian kal (kidney) hna a thawk nasa zawk thin. Hei hian tui a tikhawlo a, tui in tam duhna a siam bawk. |
| Zun chhuah fo thin | Tui i in tam avangin i zun fo a ngai a, i kal (kidney) hian i taksaa sugar tam tak awm chu paih bo a tum a ni. |
| A hma aia riltam zawka inhria | Sugar hi cell-ah a luh loh avangin taksain a mamawh chakna a hmu lo. Chuvangin, thluak hnenah "Ka riltam" tih signal a thawn fo thin. |
| Chau tih hriat reng reng | Taksa hian nunna nei lo leh chau takin a inhria a, a chhan chu cell-te hian chakna siamtu sugar an hmuh theih loh vang a ni. |
| Hliam dam rei lutuk | Thisen sugar level sang hian thisen kal dan a tibuai a, nerve a tichhia a, chu chuan hliam damna a tikhawlo thei a ni. |
| Ke ruh leh ke ruh (limbs) emaw, tingling emaw | Thisen sugar level sang chuan nerve a tichhe thei a ni. Hei hi ``Neuropathy`` kan ti a. |
| Mit hmuh a fiah lo | Thisen sugar level inthlak danglam hian mit lens a nghawng thei a, hun engemaw chen chu mit a fiah lo thei a ni. |
| Chhan awm lovin taksa rihna tihtlem | Cell te hian chakna atan sugar an hmuh theih loh chuan taksa hian chakna atan taksa ruh leh thau a ti chhe tan thin. |
Hmeichhia tan chuan vaginal yeast infection emaw urinary tract infection (UTIs) fo thin hi zunthlum chhinchhiahna a ni thei bawk. Heng symptoms pakhat emaw a aia tam emaw i neih chuan doctor pan nghal a pawimawh a, thurawn lak a pawimawh.
Engvangin nge type 2 diabetes kan neih? Risk factors te chu engte nge ni?
Zunthlum hi a chhan pakhat mah a awm lo. Thil tam tak inzawmkhawm a ni.
A pawimawh ber chu zunthlum hi i sualna a ni lo. Biological process buaithlak tak atanga lo chhuak a ni.
A chhan ber chu a hmaa kan sawi tawh ``Insulin Resistance'' vang a ni. A nghawngtu ber chu hengte hi a ni:
- Genetics: I nu, i pa emaw, i unaute emaw hian zunthlum an vei a nih chuan i vei theihna a sang zawk. Entirnan, i nu leh pa zinga pakhatin zunthlum a neih chuan 40% in i vei theihna chance i nei a ni. Nu leh pa pahnihin an neih chuan chu chu 70%-ah a pung a ni. Mahse chu chuan i tipung ngei ang tihna erawh a ni lo. Tlemin fimkhur deuh a ngai tihna chauh a ni.
- Thau lutuk leh thau lutuk: Visceral fat, a bik takin pum chhung leh chhungril lam vel a thau awmkhawm hi insulin resistance thlentu lian tak a ni.
- Exercise neih loh: Insulin resistance pawh hi taksa chakna a tlahniam chuan a pung bawk.
- Ei leh in hrisel lo: Ei leh in processing sang tak, carbohydrates tamna leh saturated fats tamna ei fo pawh hi a hlauhawm hle.
- Kum: Kum 45 hnuah chuan a hlauhawmna a sang chho thin.
- Damdawi lam thil dang: Thisen sang, cholesterol level sang, gestational diabetes, leh polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) ang chi natna nei te pawh an hlauhawm hle.
Diabetes hi control a nih loh chuan eng complication nge awm thei?
Hei hi kan zavaia kan ngaih pawimawh ber a ni. Zunthlum kan vei tih kan hriat pawhin, mumal taka thunun a nih loh chuan hun kal zelah kan taksa peng pawimawh ber berte a tichhe thei a ni.
| Taksa system a nghawng | Harsatna awm thei te |
|---|---|
| Thinlung leh thisen kalna kawngte | Lung natna, stroke, thisen sang. |
| Mit | Retinopathy, mitdel, glaucoma, leh a tawpah mitdelna a awm thei. |
| Kidney a ni | Kidney hi a chhe thei a, a tawpah chuan a hlawhchham thei hial a ni. |
| Nervous system a ni | Numbness, kang, ke ruh natna. A châng chuan ke hliam pawh hriat lohvin a awm thei. |
| Ke | Hliam tum loh taka siam chu enkawl lohvin a awm thei a, natna hrik a kai thei a, a tawpah chuan ke thenkhat lak chhuah a ngai ta a ni. |
Tin, natna hlauhawm tak, rang taka lo awm thei chu `(Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State - HHS) an ti bawk. Hemiah hian ni eng emaw zat chu thisen sugar level a sang hle a, taksaah tui a tlakchham vek a, hriatna a tichhe bawk. Hei hi emergency hlauhawm tak leh nunna atana hlauhawm tak a ni. Chutiang chhinchhiahna a lo awm chuan damdawi in Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU)-ah hruai nghal tur a ni.
Engtin nge doctor hian he natna hi dik taka a hriat theih?
Zunthlum i vei nia i rinhlelh chuan i doctor chuan thisen test awlsam tlemte a ti ang a, chu chu a finfiah ang.
- Fasting Plasma Glucose Test: Hei hi zing lamah darkar 8 vel ei leh in loh hnua tih thin a ni. I thisen sugar level 126 mg/dL aia sang a nih chuan zunthlum a ni thei.
- Random Plasma Glucose Test: Hei hi nitin engtik lai pawhin tih theih a ni. I sugar level 200 mg/dL aia sang a nih chuan zunthlum chhinchhiahna a ni bawk.
- A1C Test: Hei hian thla 2-3 kalta chhunga i thisen sugar level average a teh a ni. He value hi 6.5% aia sang a nih chuan zunthlum a awm tih a nemnghet a ni.
Heng test te hi zunthlum i vei tak tak em tih chiang taka hriat theihna awmchhun a ni.
Zunthlum hi engtin nge kan enkawl ang?
Okay, tunah chuan a pawimawh ber kan thleng ta. Diabetes hi tihdam theih ni lo mah se, control tha tak theih a ni a, harsatna awm lovin nun hrisel tak nei turin enkawl theih a ni Team sport ang mai a ni. Chutiang ti tur chuan nang leh i doctor, nutritionist leh i chhungte in thawhhona tha tak neih a ngai a ni.
Thil pawimawh pathum a awm a, chungte chu:
1. Nunphung thlak danglam (ei leh in leh exercise) .
2. Damdawi (damdawi) .
3. In lama sugar level enfiah
1. Nunphung thlak danglam
Hei hi enkawlna lungphum a ni. Hei hi damdawi hmang chauha thunun a harsa hle.
- Diet: "Diet" tih hi hlau suh, hei hian ei tur bland, bland ei mai mai a kawk lo. I doctor emaw nutritionist emaw nen inbia la, i tana tha tur balanced diet siam rawh. A tlangpuiin, i eitur ah hian thlai starch nei lo, fiber tamna ei tur, protein tha lo (nga, vawk), leh thau tha (avocado, nut) te dah tel a tha ber.
- Exercise: Exercise awlsam tak, ni khatah minute 30, kar khatah ni 5 vel chak taka kal ang chi pawh hian i thisen sugar level control nan thilmak a ti thei a ni. Exercise kan tih hian kan cell te hi insulin lakah an sensitive zawk thin.
2. Damdawi (damdawi) .
Mi thenkhat chuan nunphung tihdanglam hnuah pawh an thisen sugar level control harsa an ti thin. Chu chu Doctor in damdawi a pek lai a ni.
- Damdawi ei: Damdawi pek tlanglawn tak tak, Metformin te hian taksaa insulin resistance tihtlem nan hna a thawk a, liver-in sugar siamchhuah a control bawk.
- Insulin injection: Mi thenkhatin insulin siamchhuah hi hun kal zelah nasa takin a tlahniam thin. Tichuan insulin chu pawn lam atanga injection angin an ei a ngai ta a ni. Insulin i tan tirh hian i dinhmun a nasat tihna a ni lo. Sugar control dan tha tak a ni.
3. In lama sugar level enfiah
I thisen sugar level chu in lamah glucometer hmanga test a pawimawh hle a, doctor-in a rawt angin. Hei hian i ei leh in te, exercise i tih te, leh damdawi i ei te hian i thisen sugar level a nghawng dan te i hrethiam ang.
Zunthlum hi a dam kim thei ang em?
Hei hi mi tam takin an zawh thin a ni. Chhanna tawi chu "ni lo" tih hi a ni. Type 2 diabetes hi natna khirh tak a ni. Chu chu kan dam chhung zawnga kan hnena awm reng thil a ni tihna a ni.
Mahse tihdam theih a nih loh laiin "remission"-ah a hruai lut thei a, chu chu symptoms a awm lo va, damdawi ei loh chuan i thisen sugar level chu a normal limit chhungah a awm tihna a ni. Mi thenkhat chuan chutiang chu an ti thei a, a bik takin taksa rihna tihtlem leh nunphung tihdanglamna nasa tak hmangin. Mahse, mi zawng zawng tan a ni lo. Tin, i tih dan hluiah i kir leh chuan i thisen sugar level a sang leh thei bawk.
Chuvangin tihdam tum ai chuan, a nunpui zir hi a tha ber a ni.
Take-Home Thuchah a ni
- Type 2 diabetes hi i taksain insulin a hman that loh vang a ni. Hlauh tur a ni lo, tha taka enkawl theih thil a ni.
- Tuihâl tam, zun tam leh hahna ang chi symptoms te chu zawi zawiin a lang thei. Chuvangin i taksa kha ngaihven rawh.
- Management hi team thawhrimna a ni. Nang leh i doctor leh i chhungte in thawhho a ngai a ni.
- Ei leh in tha leh exercise mumal hi enkawlna lungphum a ni. Damdawi hi additional support a ni.
- A hun taka doctor i hmuh a, i mit, i kal leh i ke i enfiah chuan harsatna lian tham i veng thei a ni.
- Hei hi damchhung zinkawng a ni a, mahse inenkawlna mumal tak a awm chuan nun famkim, hrisel leh hlim taka i nun theih lohna tur engmah a awm lo.
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