Kia ako tātou mō te whakamātautau PCR, me te mea he kōrero nā tētahi hoa!

Tērā pea kei te mahara koe i te wā o te mate urutā Covid-19, i kōrero tātou katoa mō te whakamātautau PCR . Me mataku ētahi tāngata, i te whakaaro ki tētahi rākau i werohia ki roto i te ihu? Engari he aha rawa tēnei whakamātautau PCR? Ka taea anake te kite i te Covid-19? Kāo, he tikanga whakamātautau tino nui te PCR i roto i te rongoā e āwhina ana i ngā mea maha. Me kōrero tātou mō ēnei mea katoa i tēnei rā, he māmā noa iho, he mārama hoki, me te mea kei te kōrero tātou ki tētahi hoa pai.

He aha te PCR? Ka taea e koe te whakamārama mai?

Ki te whakarāpopototanga, ko te PCR he whakarāpopototanga mō te Polymerase Chain Reaction . Ka whakamahia hei kimi i ngā rauemi ira i roto i ō tātou tinana, arā, te DNA , te RNA rānei. Whakaarohia he tauira iti i tangohia mai i a koe, he pata toto pea, he ūkui rānei mai i roto i tō ihu. Ka tangohia taua wahi iti o te DNA, o te RNA rānei i roto i taua tauira, ā, ka hangaia he miriona, he piriona pea, o ngā tārua i roto i te taiwhanga. Koinei te mea e kiia nei e ngā kaipūtaiao ko te whakanui , ko te tikanga "te whakanui" te "whakarea" rānei. He rite ki te hanga i ngā tārua maha o tētahi pepa kotahi me te mīhini tārua.

Mā te hanga i ngā tārua maha pēnei, ka māmā ake mā ngā kaipūtaiao te ako i te DNA, i te RNA rānei i roto i te tauira iti taketake, me te kite mēnā he mea motuhake kei roto. Nō roto te PCR i tētahi rōpū whakamātautau e kiia nei ko ngā Whakamātautau Whakanui Waikawa Nucleic (NAAT) .

Ahakoa kua rongo te tini i te kupu PCR e pā ana ki te whakamātautau Covid-19, kua roa tēnei hangarau e whakamahia ana i roto i te ao hauora, ā, he tikanga tino whai hua.

He aha ngā mea ka taea te kitea mā te PCR?

Nā, kia tirohia tātou he aha ngā momo mea ka taea e tēnei whakamātautau PCR te kite. He tokomaha e whakaaro ana he mea noa iho tēnei mō te Covid-19. Engari ehara i te mea pēnā. Tirohia:

• Ngā mate pāwera: Ka āwhina te PCR ki te whakatau mēnā he huaketo , he huakita , he harore, he pirinoa rānei te take o te kirika, te makariri, te maremare rānei kei a koe. Hei tauira:
• Ko te huaketo SARS-CoV-2 e hua ai te COVID-19 (COVID-19) .
• Rewharewha , koinei te mea e kīia whānuitia ana ko te rewharewha.
• Te Huaketo Respiratory Syncytial (RSV), he mea tino noa i roto i ngā pēpi nohinohi.
• Ngā huakita e hua ai te mate kohi.
• He maha atu ngā mate huaketo me ngā mate kitakita.
• Ngā mate ira: He mate ira tuku iho kei ētahi tāngata, tika? Ko ngā mate pēnei, hei tauira , ko te Cystic Fibrosis.Ka whakamahia hoki tēnei PCR hei tātaritanga i ngā mate pēnei i te Mate a Huntington me te Fragile X Syndrome . He tino uaua ēnei mate, nō reira he mea tino nui te kitenga wawe mō te maimoatanga.
• Ngā momo mate pukupuku: Ka āwhina hoki tēnei tikanga ki te tautuhi i ētahi momo mate pukupuku, pērā i te lymphoma .
• Ngā panonitanga ira i roto i te mate pukupuku: I te wā e rongoatia ana te tangata he mate pukupuku, ka taea hoki e tēnei whakamātautau PCR te kite i ngā rerekētanga/whakarerekētanga ira motuhake i roto i aua pūtau mate pukupuku. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakamahi i te rongoā kua whakaritea hei arotahi ki aua panonitanga motuhake. He whanaketanga nui tēnei i roto i te mara o te rongoā mate pukupuku.
• Te mōrearea o ngā mate ā muri ake nei: Ko te hunga whai huringa ira motuhake ka nui ake te mōrearea ki te pāngia e ngā mate kino pēnei i te mate pukupuku ā muri ake nei. Ka whakamahia hoki tēnei PCR mō te whakamātautau ira mō te mōrearea o te mate pukupuku . Mā tēnei ka taea e koe te mōhio i mua me te mahi i ngā huringa o te momo noho mēnā e tika ana, me te noho mataara rānei mā te whakamātautau i ia wā.
• Whakamātautau i mua i te whānautanga: He āwhina anō hoki te PCR i ngā whakamātautau e mahia ana hei tirotiro mēnā he mate ira tō te tamaiti kāore anō kia whānau a te wahine hapu.

Ehara i te mea ko tēnei anake, kua kite pea koe i roto i ngā kiriata, ka tangohia ngā taunakitanga DNA, pērā i te makawe iti, i te toto rānei i kitea i te wāhi hara, hei tautuhi i te tangata hara. Ka whakamahia hoki e ngā taiwhanga tūpāpaku tēnei hangarau PCR hei whakanui ake i te nui o te DNA me te whakahaere whakamātautau.

He aha ngā whakamātautau me ngā tikanga e whakamahi ana i te hangarau PCR?

He maha ngā momo tikanga whakamātautau e whakamahia ana te hangarau PCR. Ko te momo whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana hei tango tauira ka whakawhirinaki ki te mea e whakamātautauhia ana e koe. Anei ētahi tauira:

• Ngā whakamātautau toto: Ka tangohia he tauira toto, ā, ka whakamahia te PCR hei kite i ngā huringa ira me ētahi mate pipiri.
• Te ūkui ihu: Ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi tauira hūpē mai i te roto o te ihu, o te korokoro rānei hei whakamātautau mō ngā mate manawa pēnei i te rewharewha (rewharewha), te COVID-19, me te RSV. Koinei ngā mea kua pā ki a tātou katoa i te wā o te COVID.
• Te Tātaritanga Ira i mua i te Whakatōnga (PGD) me te Tātaritanga Ira i mua i te Whakatōnga (PGS): I te wā o te tukanga Whakatōnga In Vitro (IVF) , ka tangohia ētahi pūtau mai i ngā kukune ka whakamatautauria mō ngā āhuatanga ira i mua i te whakatōnga ki roto i te kōpū o te whaea. I te nuinga o te wā ka mahia tēnei i muri i ētahi rā i muri i te tango mai i te hua manu.
• Te whakamātautau ira tangata:I te wā e hapu ana, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi wai iti o te amniotic e karapoti ana i te pēpi i roto i te kōpū o te whaea hei whakamātautau i te āhua ira o te pēpi mā te whakamahi i te PCR. He whakamātautau tēnei e mahia ana e te tākuta tohunga.
• Koiora: Hei tautuhi i ngā whakarerekētanga ira i roto i ngā pūtau matepukupuku (whakamātautau ngota), ka tangohia he tauira iti o te puku (koiora puku) he koiora wheua rānei. He rite tēnei ki tētahi pokanga iti. Kātahi ka whakamahia te tauira hei mahi PCR hei rapu i ngā whakarerekētanga ira.

Me pēhea tāu whakarite mō tēnei whakamātautau?

I te nuinga o te wā, kāore he whakaritenga motuhake e hiahiatia ana mō te whakamātautau PCR. Heoi, kei te mea e whakamātautauhia ana e koe me te tikanga e whakamahia ana hei kohi i te tauira. Hei tauira, ko ētahi whakamātautau toto ka hiahia pea koe kia nohopuku mō ētahi haora i mua. Nō reira, he pai ake te pātai atu ki tō tākuta, ki te whare whakamātautau rānei mēnā he mea motuhake me mahi e koe.

Me pēhea te mahi a te PCR? He iti nei te pūtaiao!

He kōrero pūtaiao tēnei, engari me whakamārama noa iho. Ko tā te PCR he tautuhi i tētahi raupapatanga motuhake ki te DNA e hiahia ana koe ki te rapu, arā, he mea motuhake ki a ia. Tērā pea he huringa ira motuhake tēnei raupapatanga i roto i te mate pukupuku, he waehere ira rānei o tētahi huaketo, o tētahi huakita rānei. Ka kiia tēnei ko te DNA ūnga .

Ko te ingoa "Polymerase Chain Reaction" e pā ana ki te tukanga e hangaia ai he maha o ngā tārua o te DNA ūnga (whakanuia) i roto i te taiwhanga. Ka whakamahia e tēnei tukanga he whākōkī e kiia nei ko te DNA polymerase . Ka hangaia e tēnei whākōkī ngā tārua o te DNA ūnga, mēnā kei roto i te tauira.

Ka puta tēnei "tauhohenga mekameka" ina maha ngā huringa whakamahana me te whakamatao o tētahi otinga. I roto i te huringa kotahi, ka taea te whakaneke rua te nui o te DNA. Whakaarohia he kotahi ki te rua, he rua ki te whā, he whā ki te waru... ā, pērā tonu, ā, ka mutu ka hanga miriona tārua. Ko te painga o tēnei ko te taea e te PCR te kite i ngā rahinga iti o te DNA, o te RNA rānei e ngaro ana i ētahi atu whakamātautau.

I muri i te PCR, me mahi e ngā kaipūtaiao ētahi atu whakamātautau hei tātari i te DNA kua whakanuia. Engari i ētahi wā, ka tāpirihia he tapanga motuhake ki te otinga i te wā o te tukanga PCR, hei whakaatu mēnā he pai, he kino rānei te tauira. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga hei tere ake te whiwhi hua, inā koa i te wā e rapu ana i ngā mate pēnei i ngā huaketo.

He aha ngā momo PCR kei reira?

He rerekē ngā momo PCR. Ko ētahi me whai mahi tāpiri hei tārua, hei tātari rānei i te DNA. Me titiro tātou ki ngā momo matua e rua:

1. PCR Whakamuri-Transcriptase (RT-PCR)

Whakaarohia kāore ngā mōhiohio ira e hiahia ana tātou ki te tārua me te rapu i roto i te DNA, engari i roto i te RNA. (Hei tauira, he RNA kei te huaketo Covid-19). Kātahi, i roto i tēnei RT-PCR , ko te mahi ko te huri tuatahi i te RNA hei DNA mā te whakamahi i tētahi whākōkī motuhake (reverse transcriptase). Ko te DNA e hangaia ana ka kiia ko te DNA tāpiri (cDNA) . Whai muri i tēnā, ka mahia te tukanga PCR noa i whakahuatia i mua ake nei. Nā te mea, ka taea anake te mahi i te PCR noa ki runga i te DNA.

2. PCR Wā-tūturu / PCR Tauanga (Q-PCR)

Ko te mea e tupu ana i roto i tēnei, i te wā e hangaia ana ngā tārua DNA, ka tāpirihia he tapanga hihiko motuhake ki roto. Ka tukuna e ēnei tapanga te māramatanga ina herea ki te DNA ūnga. Kātahi, me te kore he whakamātautau anō, ka taea e te hunga e mahi ana i te whakamātautau te kite i te wā tonu mēnā kei roto te DNA e tika ana i te tauira. Ehara i te mea koinā anake, ka taea hoki e rātou te whiwhi whakaaro tauanga mō te nui o te DNA kei roto.

Ko te mea pōhēhē, e kīia ana tēnei e ētahi ko te "RT-PCR". Engari ehara i te mea rite ki te Reverse-Transcriptase PCR i kōrerotia i mua ake nei. Waihoki, ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei tikanga Real-time PCR me te Reverse-Transcriptase PCR i kōrerotia i mua ake nei. Kātahi ka kiia ko te Real-time RT-PCR (real-time RT-PCR) . Ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga real-time RT-PCR mō ngā whakamātautau ūkui ihu hei kite i ngā huaketo RNA pēnei i te Covid-19 me te rewharewha.

He aha ngā kōrero a ngā hua o te whakamātautau PCR ki a tātou?

Ina whiwhi koe i ngā hua o te whakamātautau PCR, tera pea ka rerekē paku te kupu, i runga i te mea i whakamatautauria koe.

• Ko te tikanga, ki te mea kei roto i tō hua he "kitea" he "kei te wātea" rānei, ko te tikanga kei a koe te whakarerekētanga ira, te mate rānei i rapua e te whakamātautau.
• Mena kei te kī te hua "kāore i kitea," ko te tikanga kāore i kitea e te whakamātautau te DNA, te RNA rānei e whai ake nei i whakamatautauria. Heoi, mēnā he mate, ko te tikanga pea i whakamātauhia wawe rawa koe i roto i te tukanga pangia. Tērā pea kei a koe tonu te mate, engari kāore pea i te nui te huaketo, te huakita rānei hei kitea mā te PCR i taua wā.

Me pēhea te whakamārama i ngā hua o te whakamātautau PCR Covid-19?

He mea tēnei e mōhiotia ana e te tini o te tangata ināianei.

• Mēnā he pai te hua o te whakamātautau PCR COVID - arā, "Kua Kitea" tō pūrongo - ko te tikanga kua pangia pea koe e te COVID-19 , kua ora mai rānei koe i te COVID-19 (i ētahi wā ka noho pai te PCR mō tētahi wā i muri i te whakaoranga).
• Ki te puta he hua kino ("Kāore i Kitea") i te whakamātautau PCR COVID, ko te tikanga kāore pea koe i pangia e te COVID-19 i te wā i tangohia ai te whakamātautau ihu. Heoi, e ai ki taku kōrero i mua ake nei, i ētahi wā, i te tīmatanga o te mate, inā koa mēnā kāore he tohu o te mate, ka puta he hua kino i ngā whakamātautau PCR. Nō reira, ki te mea he tohu tōu, ka tohutohu pea tō tākuta kia whakamātauria anō koe i roto i ētahi rā.

Kia pēhea te roa ka puta ngā hua o te whakamātautau PCR?

Ka rerekē anō hoki tēnei i runga i te whakamātautau e mahia ana.

• E rua, e toru rānei ngā haora, kotahi rānei te rā e pau ai ngā whakamātautau ūkui ihu mō ngā huaketo noa pēnei i te rewharewha me te COVID-19.
• Ka roa pea te wiki, neke atu rānei, mō ngā whakamātautau ira e mahia ana mā roto i ngā tikanga pēnei i te whakamātautau toto me te koiora, nā te mea he uaua ake te tukanga tātari.

Āhea koe me toro atu ki te tākuta?

Mena he pātai, he āwangawanga rānei āu mō te whakamātautau PCR me ōna hua, me kōrero ki tō tākuta. Ka taea e rātou te whakamārama i ngā mea katoa ki a koe.

Ko te karere tino nui hei kawe ki te kāinga

Ahakoa i uru ohorere mai ngā kupu "whakamātautau PCR" ki roto i ā tātou kōrero o ia rā me te mate urutā COVID-19 o te tau 2020, he hangarau tino whai hua tēnei kua whakamahia e ngā tākuta mō ngā tekau tau. Ka āwhina te PCR ki te tautuhi me te tārua i ngā rahinga iti o te DNA, o te RNA rānei, ka taea te whakamahi hei tātaritanga i ngā momo mate hauora.

Ahakoa he mea noa tēnei mā ngā tākuta, kāore pea i te mea noa kia whakamātauria koe. E mārama ana mātou ki tēnā. Engari ko te mea pai ko te iti noa o te tauira o tō tinana e hiahiatia ana, ā, he torutoru meneti noa iho te roa o te tukanga. Mena he pātai, he āwangawanga, he ruarua rānei āu mō tēnei, tēnā kōrero ki tō tākuta. Mā rātou e whakamārama ngā mea katoa ki a koe. Kia ora tonu!

` Whakamātautau PCR, DNA, RNA, whakamātautau ira, tātaritanga, Covid-19, huaketo