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He rerekē te āhua o te māhunga o tāu pēpi? Me kōrero tātou mō te Pfeiffer Syndrome

He rerekē te āhua o te māhunga o tāu pēpi? Me kōrero tātou mō te Pfeiffer Syndrome

Kāore e taea te whakaahua i te harikoa o te whaea, o te pāpā rānei ina kite i tētahi pēpi hou. Engari i ētahi wā, he mea noa te mataku me te manukanuka mēnā ka kite koe he āhua rerekē te āhua o te māhunga o te pēpi. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi āhuatanga onge e whakamahara ana i tēnei momo mataku, engari ka taea te whakahaere mēnā ka mārama koe ki tēnā. Ko te Pfeiffer Syndrome tēnei. Kaua e mataku ina rongo koe i tēnei ingoa. Me kōrero noa tātou mōna, taahiraa i te taahiraa.

He aha te Mate Pfeiffer?

Ki te kī māmā noa, he mate onge te mate Pfeiffer e puta mai ana i te whānautanga ka pā ki te whanaketanga o te angaanga me ngā wheua kanohi o te pēpi.

Hei mārama ki tēnei, me titiro tuatahi tātou ki te hanganga o tō tātou angaanga. Ina whānau mai he pēpi, ehara te tihi o tōna mahunga i te wheua kotahi. He kohinga o ētahi kongakonga wheua, he pereti rānei. He hononga motuhake (he tuitui) kei waenganui i ēnei pereti wheua. Kei reira ēnei hei tuku i te angaanga kia tipu, kia whānui rānei, i te tipu o te roro. I te nuinga o te wā, ka honoa ēnei pereti wheua ka totoka ina tino whanake te mahunga.

Heoi, i roto i te pēpi e pāngia ana e te mate Pfeiffer, ka tere te honoa o ngā pereti wheua o te angaanga, i mua i te tino whanaketanga o te roro. Whakaarohia he rite ki te tipu i roto i te kohua iti, ā, i a ia e tipu ana, ka mau ngā pakiaka ki roto i te kohua. Nā te mea he iti te wāhi tipu o te roro, ka rerekē te āhua o te angaanga me te mata.

He pono he whakamataku tēnei ki te whakarongo. Engari ko te mea nui, ina kitea tēnei mate, ka taea te tīmata te maimoatanga. Nā te mea he rerekē te pānga ki ia pēpi, ka whakatauhia te maimoatanga i runga i ngā tohu o te pēpi.

He aha ngā momo o te mate Pfeiffer?

E toru ngā momo matua o te mate Pfeiffer. Ahakoa ka pāngia te āhua o te pēpi e ēnei momo katoa, ko ngā momo 2 me te 3 ngā mea tino kino. Ka taea e ēnei te whakaroa i te whanaketanga hinengaro, te kore ako, me ētahi atu raruraru nui e pā ana ki te roro, te nekehanga, me te pūnaha io.

Momo mate Whakaahuatanga me ngā āhuatanga
Momo 1
Momo matarohia

  • Koinei te momo ngawari rawa atu o tēnei mate.
  • Tērā ngā tohu pērā i te totohu o ngā paparinga, ētahi āhua rerekē o te mata, me te nui ake i te tikanga o ngā māikuku nui me ngā māikuku nui.
  • Ma te maimoatanga tika, ka taea e koe te ora i te oranga noa.
  • I ētahi wā ka pupū ake te wai ki te roro (hydrocephalus) me te ngaronga o te rongo.

Momo 2

  • He kino rawa atu tēnei āhuatanga.
  • Nā te mea kua honoa te nuinga o ngā wheua o te angaanga, ka rite te āhua o te angaanga ki te rau kōwhai.
  • He whānui, he teitei te rae, ā, he āhua totohu te taha waenganui o te mata (mai i ngā kanohi ki te waha).
  • Ka matara atu ngā kanohi, ka pūwero ki waho (ocular proptosis).
  • He mea noa te pupū ake o te wai ki te roro, ngā raruraru o te pūnaha io, me te whakaroa i te whanaketanga.

Momo 3

  • He tino rite tēnei ki te momo 2, engari kāore te āhua o te tumuaki he rite ki te koroka.
  • I te whānautanga, kei reira ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tūranga o ngā niho me te whakapoto o te turanga o te angaanga.
  • Ka taea e ngā momo e rua (2 me te 3) te whakamomori ki te ora mēnā kāore e rongoatia.

He aha te take o te mate Pfeiffer?

Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga i te whakarerekētanga o tētahi ira e whakahaere ana i te tipu me te matenga o ngā pūtau i roto i tō tātou tinana.

I ētahi wā ka taea tēnei te tuku iho mai i ngā mātua ki te tamaiti. Engari i te nuinga o te wā, kāore tēnei mate e pā ki ngā mātua. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka puta tēnei āhuatanga i tētahi huringa hou e puta matapōkeretia ana (i te kore e kitea) i te wā e whanake ana ngā ira o te pēpi. Nō reira, hei mātua, kaua e whakama mō tēnei.

Nā tēnei whakarerekētanga ira ka puta he panoni ki te āhua o te whakaputa me te mahi a ētahi pūmua i te wā e hapu ana. Nō reira, ka tukuna e aua pūmua te tohu hē ki ngā wheua angaanga o te pēpi kia "honohono tere rawa". Ka pēhia te roro e tēnei, ā, ka huri te āhua o te angaanga. I ētahi wā, ka tere rawa te hono o ngā wheua o ngā maihao me ngā matimati.

He aha ngā tohu matua?

He rerekē ngā tohu i ia pēpi, ā, i runga anō i te momo mate. Ko te nuinga o ēnei tohu ka kitea i te mahunga me te mata, ngā maihao, ngā hononga, me ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

Upoko me te mata

  • He ihu whānui, papatahi, he pito piko ki raro
  • Ngā kanohi e tawhiti ana, e pūwero ana
  • He upoko poto mai i mua ki muri
  • He rae tino teitei
  • He āhua totohu i waenganui o te mata
  • He iti rawa te kauae o runga, nō reira he niho piri, he niho kīkī hoki

Ngā maihao me ngā matimati

  • Ngā maihao poto
  • Ngā māikuku nui (o ngā ringaringa me ngā waewae) he whānui ake i te mea noa, ā, e piko ana i tua atu i ngā māikuku kē atu
  • He matimati/matihao pea he whatuwhatu

Ētahi atu raruraru

  • Te ngaronga o te rongo: Neke atu i te 50% o ngā tamariki he ngaronga o te rongo.
  • Ngā raruraru niho: Ngā raruraru ki te tūnga o ngā niho me te kauae.
  • Ngā uauatanga kai: Ina koa i te tamarikitanga.
  • Ngā raruraru manawa: Ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te apnea moe, e mutu ai te manawa mō tētahi wā i te wā e moe ana.
  • Ngā raruraru tirohanga: Ka maroke pea ngā kamo i te mea ka kōpiripiri, ā, ka kore e taea te kati katoa i ngā kamo.
  • Ngā whakaroa whanaketanga me te ako (ina koa i ngā momo 2 me te 3).

Me pēhea te tautuhi i tēnei mate?

Ka taea e tō tākuta te tātaritanga i tēnei mate i te wā e hapu ana mā te tirotiro i te ultrasound , i te MRI rānei. I muri i te whānautanga o te pēpi, ka taea e te tākuta te mōhio mēnā kei te kitea te mate mā te tirotiro i te tumuaki me ngā matimati o te pēpi i te wā e tirotirohia ana.

Hei whakaū mēnā he mate Pfeiffer tēnei, he mate rānei, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau.

  • Matawai X-ray, matawai CT rānei: Tirohia me pēhea te tūnga o ngā wheua o te angaanga.
  • Ngā whakamātautau ira: Tangohia he tauira toto, he tauira huware rānei hei whakaū mēnā kei te kitea te whakarerekētanga ira e puta ai tēnei.

He aha ngā maimoatanga?

Ko te maimoatanga e whiwhi ai te pēpi ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo mate me ngā tohu e pā ana ki a ia. Me tautoko tēnei e tētahi rōpū tohunga nui, tae atu ki ngā tākuta, ngā taote pokanga, ngā kaiwhakaora kōrero, me ngā kaiwhakaora tinana . He mahi nui tā te pokanga i roto i te maimoatanga.

Pokanga angaanga

He maha ngā tamariki e pokangahia ana hei whakatika i te āhua o ō rātou angaanga i mua i te 18 marama te pakeke. E rua ngā kaupapa matua o tēnei:

1. Te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki te roro.

2. Te hoatu i te wāhi e hiahiatia ana e te roro kia whanake noa ai.

I muri i tēnei pokanga, ka mauria he potae motuhake hei āwhina i te angaanga kia ora ai ki te āhua tika.Ka tukuna kia mau. E rua, e whā rānei ngā pokanga pēnei e hiahiatia ana i roto i tō oranga.

Pokanga o waenganui o te mata

Me pokanga ētahi tamariki hei whakatika i ngā raruraru kauae, hei kawe mai hoki i ngā wheua i waenganui o te mata ki mua. I te nuinga o te wā ka mahia tēnei i muri i te ono tau te pakeke o te tamaiti.

Te rongoā mō ngā raruraru manawa

He uaua ki ētahi tamariki te manawa nā te aukati o te ara manawa.

  • Ka tonoa koe kia mau i tētahi kopare motuhake e kīia nei ko te CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) i a koe e moe ana.
  • Ka tangohia ngā tonsils, ngā adenoids rānei mā te pokanga.
  • I ngā wā tino kino, ka mahia he pokanga e kiia nei ko te tracheostomy , arā, ko te hanga i tētahi kōhao iti ki te kaki, me te whakauru tika i tētahi ngongo ki roto i te pūhā kia taea ai te manawa.

Ētahi atu maimoatanga

Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnei, i runga anō i ngā hiahia o te pēpi,

  • Te maimoatanga niho mō ngā raruraru niho
  • Te pokanga mō ngā raruraru o te maihao
  • Ngā taputapu whakarongo, ngā pokanga rānei mō ngā raruraru whakarongo
  • Te maimoatanga mō ngā raruraru tirohanga
  • Te whakaora kōrero hei whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga kōrero me te reo
  • E hiahiatia ana ngā mahi pēnei i te whakaora tinana hei whakapai ake i te nekenekehanga.

Kei te pēhea te roa o te oranga?

He kaupapa tairongo rawa tēnei.

  • Ka taea te rongoā pai i ngā tamariki e pangia ana e te mate Pfeiffer Momo 1. He roa te oranga o ia rā. Ka taea e rātou te ako pai, te tākaro pai, me te noho motuhake hei pakeke.
  • He uaua ake ngā momo 2 me te 3. He nui ake ngā wero e pā ana ki ēnei tamariki ki te nekehanga, te manawa, me te mahi hinengaro. Ka taea e ngā raruraru manawa me ngā raruraru pūnaha io te whakapoto i ō rātou oranga. Heoi, te maimoatanga me te tautoko tonu, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga o ō rātou oranga.

Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga

  • He mate ira onge te Pfeiffer Syndrome e pā ana ki te āhua o te angaanga me te mata o te pēpi.
  • E toru ngā momo matua o tēnei, ko te Momo 1 te mea ngāwari rawa, ā, ko te mea tino kitea whānuitia.
  • He mea tino nui kia kitea wawetia tēnei mate, kia rongoāhia hoki i raro i te tirotiro a tētahi tīma hauora motuhake. He mea tino nui kia tukua te roro kia tipu mā te pokanga.
  • Ka taea e ngā tamariki whai mate pāwera momo 1 te ora i te ao noa me te maimoatanga tika.
  • Mena kei tō tamaiti tēnei mate, kaua e wehi ki te kōrero māhorahora ki tō tākuta, me te whakatau i te mahere maimoatanga pai rawa atu. Kāore koe i te mokemoke, ā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata ka taea te āwhina i a koe.

Te Mate Pfeiffer, Ngā Koha Whānau, Te Āhua o te Angaanga, Craniosynostosis, Ngā Tamariki, Ngā Huringa Ira, Te Pokanga Angaanga
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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He rerekē te āhua o te māhunga o tāu pēpi? Me kōrero tātou mō te Pfeiffer Syndrome

He rerekē te āhua o te māhunga o tāu pēpi? Me kōrero tātou mō te Pfeiffer Syndrome

Kāore e taea te whakaahua i te harikoa o te whaea, o te pāpā rānei ina kite i tētahi pēpi hou. Engari i ētahi wā, he mea noa te mataku me te manukanuka mēnā ka kite koe he āhua rerekē te āhua o te māhunga o te pēpi. I tēnei rā ka kōrero tātou mō tētahi āhuatanga onge e whakamahara ana i tēnei momo mataku, engari ka taea te whakahaere mēnā ka mārama koe ki tēnā. Ko te Pfeiffer Syndrome tēnei. Kaua e mataku ina rongo koe i tēnei ingoa. Me kōrero noa tātou mōna, taahiraa i te taahiraa.

He aha te Mate Pfeiffer?

Ki te kī māmā noa, he mate onge te mate Pfeiffer e puta mai ana i te whānautanga ka pā ki te whanaketanga o te angaanga me ngā wheua kanohi o te pēpi.

Hei mārama ki tēnei, me titiro tuatahi tātou ki te hanganga o tō tātou angaanga. Ina whānau mai he pēpi, ehara te tihi o tōna mahunga i te wheua kotahi. He kohinga o ētahi kongakonga wheua, he pereti rānei. He hononga motuhake (he tuitui) kei waenganui i ēnei pereti wheua. Kei reira ēnei hei tuku i te angaanga kia tipu, kia whānui rānei, i te tipu o te roro. I te nuinga o te wā, ka honoa ēnei pereti wheua ka totoka ina tino whanake te mahunga.

Heoi, i roto i te pēpi e pāngia ana e te mate Pfeiffer, ka tere te honoa o ngā pereti wheua o te angaanga, i mua i te tino whanaketanga o te roro. Whakaarohia he rite ki te tipu i roto i te kohua iti, ā, i a ia e tipu ana, ka mau ngā pakiaka ki roto i te kohua. Nā te mea he iti te wāhi tipu o te roro, ka rerekē te āhua o te angaanga me te mata.

He pono he whakamataku tēnei ki te whakarongo. Engari ko te mea nui, ina kitea tēnei mate, ka taea te tīmata te maimoatanga. Nā te mea he rerekē te pānga ki ia pēpi, ka whakatauhia te maimoatanga i runga i ngā tohu o te pēpi.

He aha ngā momo o te mate Pfeiffer?

E toru ngā momo matua o te mate Pfeiffer. Ahakoa ka pāngia te āhua o te pēpi e ēnei momo katoa, ko ngā momo 2 me te 3 ngā mea tino kino. Ka taea e ēnei te whakaroa i te whanaketanga hinengaro, te kore ako, me ētahi atu raruraru nui e pā ana ki te roro, te nekehanga, me te pūnaha io.

Momo mate Whakaahuatanga me ngā āhuatanga
Momo 1
Momo matarohia

  • Koinei te momo ngawari rawa atu o tēnei mate.
  • Tērā ngā tohu pērā i te totohu o ngā paparinga, ētahi āhua rerekē o te mata, me te nui ake i te tikanga o ngā māikuku nui me ngā māikuku nui.
  • Ma te maimoatanga tika, ka taea e koe te ora i te oranga noa.
  • I ētahi wā ka pupū ake te wai ki te roro (hydrocephalus) me te ngaronga o te rongo.

Momo 2

  • He kino rawa atu tēnei āhuatanga.
  • Nā te mea kua honoa te nuinga o ngā wheua o te angaanga, ka rite te āhua o te angaanga ki te rau kōwhai.
  • He whānui, he teitei te rae, ā, he āhua totohu te taha waenganui o te mata (mai i ngā kanohi ki te waha).
  • Ka matara atu ngā kanohi, ka pūwero ki waho (ocular proptosis).
  • He mea noa te pupū ake o te wai ki te roro, ngā raruraru o te pūnaha io, me te whakaroa i te whanaketanga.

Momo 3

  • He tino rite tēnei ki te momo 2, engari kāore te āhua o te tumuaki he rite ki te koroka.
  • I te whānautanga, kei reira ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tūranga o ngā niho me te whakapoto o te turanga o te angaanga.
  • Ka taea e ngā momo e rua (2 me te 3) te whakamomori ki te ora mēnā kāore e rongoatia.

He aha te take o te mate Pfeiffer?

Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga i te whakarerekētanga o tētahi ira e whakahaere ana i te tipu me te matenga o ngā pūtau i roto i tō tātou tinana.

I ētahi wā ka taea tēnei te tuku iho mai i ngā mātua ki te tamaiti. Engari i te nuinga o te wā, kāore tēnei mate e pā ki ngā mātua. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, ka puta tēnei āhuatanga i tētahi huringa hou e puta matapōkeretia ana (i te kore e kitea) i te wā e whanake ana ngā ira o te pēpi. Nō reira, hei mātua, kaua e whakama mō tēnei.

Nā tēnei whakarerekētanga ira ka puta he panoni ki te āhua o te whakaputa me te mahi a ētahi pūmua i te wā e hapu ana. Nō reira, ka tukuna e aua pūmua te tohu hē ki ngā wheua angaanga o te pēpi kia "honohono tere rawa". Ka pēhia te roro e tēnei, ā, ka huri te āhua o te angaanga. I ētahi wā, ka tere rawa te hono o ngā wheua o ngā maihao me ngā matimati.

He aha ngā tohu matua?

He rerekē ngā tohu i ia pēpi, ā, i runga anō i te momo mate. Ko te nuinga o ēnei tohu ka kitea i te mahunga me te mata, ngā maihao, ngā hononga, me ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.

Upoko me te mata

  • He ihu whānui, papatahi, he pito piko ki raro
  • Ngā kanohi e tawhiti ana, e pūwero ana
  • He upoko poto mai i mua ki muri
  • He rae tino teitei
  • He āhua totohu i waenganui o te mata
  • He iti rawa te kauae o runga, nō reira he niho piri, he niho kīkī hoki

Ngā maihao me ngā matimati

  • Ngā maihao poto
  • Ngā māikuku nui (o ngā ringaringa me ngā waewae) he whānui ake i te mea noa, ā, e piko ana i tua atu i ngā māikuku kē atu
  • He matimati/matihao pea he whatuwhatu

Ētahi atu raruraru

  • Te ngaronga o te rongo: Neke atu i te 50% o ngā tamariki he ngaronga o te rongo.
  • Ngā raruraru niho: Ngā raruraru ki te tūnga o ngā niho me te kauae.
  • Ngā uauatanga kai: Ina koa i te tamarikitanga.
  • Ngā raruraru manawa: Ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te apnea moe, e mutu ai te manawa mō tētahi wā i te wā e moe ana.
  • Ngā raruraru tirohanga: Ka maroke pea ngā kamo i te mea ka kōpiripiri, ā, ka kore e taea te kati katoa i ngā kamo.
  • Ngā whakaroa whanaketanga me te ako (ina koa i ngā momo 2 me te 3).

Me pēhea te tautuhi i tēnei mate?

Ka taea e tō tākuta te tātaritanga i tēnei mate i te wā e hapu ana mā te tirotiro i te ultrasound , i te MRI rānei. I muri i te whānautanga o te pēpi, ka taea e te tākuta te mōhio mēnā kei te kitea te mate mā te tirotiro i te tumuaki me ngā matimati o te pēpi i te wā e tirotirohia ana.

Hei whakaū mēnā he mate Pfeiffer tēnei, he mate rānei, ka tūtohu pea tō tākuta i ētahi atu whakamātautau.

  • Matawai X-ray, matawai CT rānei: Tirohia me pēhea te tūnga o ngā wheua o te angaanga.
  • Ngā whakamātautau ira: Tangohia he tauira toto, he tauira huware rānei hei whakaū mēnā kei te kitea te whakarerekētanga ira e puta ai tēnei.

He aha ngā maimoatanga?

Ko te maimoatanga e whiwhi ai te pēpi ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo mate me ngā tohu e pā ana ki a ia. Me tautoko tēnei e tētahi rōpū tohunga nui, tae atu ki ngā tākuta, ngā taote pokanga, ngā kaiwhakaora kōrero, me ngā kaiwhakaora tinana . He mahi nui tā te pokanga i roto i te maimoatanga.

Pokanga angaanga

He maha ngā tamariki e pokangahia ana hei whakatika i te āhua o ō rātou angaanga i mua i te 18 marama te pakeke. E rua ngā kaupapa matua o tēnei:

1. Te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki te roro.

2. Te hoatu i te wāhi e hiahiatia ana e te roro kia whanake noa ai.

I muri i tēnei pokanga, ka mauria he potae motuhake hei āwhina i te angaanga kia ora ai ki te āhua tika.Ka tukuna kia mau. E rua, e whā rānei ngā pokanga pēnei e hiahiatia ana i roto i tō oranga.

Pokanga o waenganui o te mata

Me pokanga ētahi tamariki hei whakatika i ngā raruraru kauae, hei kawe mai hoki i ngā wheua i waenganui o te mata ki mua. I te nuinga o te wā ka mahia tēnei i muri i te ono tau te pakeke o te tamaiti.

Te rongoā mō ngā raruraru manawa

He uaua ki ētahi tamariki te manawa nā te aukati o te ara manawa.

  • Ka tonoa koe kia mau i tētahi kopare motuhake e kīia nei ko te CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) i a koe e moe ana.
  • Ka tangohia ngā tonsils, ngā adenoids rānei mā te pokanga.
  • I ngā wā tino kino, ka mahia he pokanga e kiia nei ko te tracheostomy , arā, ko te hanga i tētahi kōhao iti ki te kaki, me te whakauru tika i tētahi ngongo ki roto i te pūhā kia taea ai te manawa.

Ētahi atu maimoatanga

Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnei, i runga anō i ngā hiahia o te pēpi,

  • Te maimoatanga niho mō ngā raruraru niho
  • Te pokanga mō ngā raruraru o te maihao
  • Ngā taputapu whakarongo, ngā pokanga rānei mō ngā raruraru whakarongo
  • Te maimoatanga mō ngā raruraru tirohanga
  • Te whakaora kōrero hei whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga kōrero me te reo
  • E hiahiatia ana ngā mahi pēnei i te whakaora tinana hei whakapai ake i te nekenekehanga.

Kei te pēhea te roa o te oranga?

He kaupapa tairongo rawa tēnei.

  • Ka taea te rongoā pai i ngā tamariki e pangia ana e te mate Pfeiffer Momo 1. He roa te oranga o ia rā. Ka taea e rātou te ako pai, te tākaro pai, me te noho motuhake hei pakeke.
  • He uaua ake ngā momo 2 me te 3. He nui ake ngā wero e pā ana ki ēnei tamariki ki te nekehanga, te manawa, me te mahi hinengaro. Ka taea e ngā raruraru manawa me ngā raruraru pūnaha io te whakapoto i ō rātou oranga. Heoi, te maimoatanga me te tautoko tonu, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga o ō rātou oranga.

Karere Tangohia ki te Kāinga

  • He mate ira onge te Pfeiffer Syndrome e pā ana ki te āhua o te angaanga me te mata o te pēpi.
  • E toru ngā momo matua o tēnei, ko te Momo 1 te mea ngāwari rawa, ā, ko te mea tino kitea whānuitia.
  • He mea tino nui kia kitea wawetia tēnei mate, kia rongoāhia hoki i raro i te tirotiro a tētahi tīma hauora motuhake. He mea tino nui kia tukua te roro kia tipu mā te pokanga.
  • Ka taea e ngā tamariki whai mate pāwera momo 1 te ora i te ao noa me te maimoatanga tika.
  • Mena kei tō tamaiti tēnei mate, kaua e wehi ki te kōrero māhorahora ki tō tākuta, me te whakatau i te mahere maimoatanga pai rawa atu. Kāore koe i te mokemoke, ā, he tokomaha ngā tāngata ka taea te āwhina i a koe.

Te Mate Pfeiffer, Ngā Koha Whānau, Te Āhua o te Angaanga, Craniosynostosis, Ngā Tamariki, Ngā Huringa Ira, Te Pokanga Angaanga
⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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