ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯋꯦꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔ (left ventricle)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯆ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯜ, ꯅꯔꯚ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯏ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯆꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ, ꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯆꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ:

• ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ `(ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯃꯥ):` ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ, ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ `(ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯊꯦꯂꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ) ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯏ꯫` ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯠꯔꯤꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ: ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ, ꯏꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (Tunica Adventitia): ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥꯁꯨ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯔꯃꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯈꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯣ?

ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ,ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯤꯅꯠ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ꯫
• ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ (Hemorrhage) .
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯌꯩꯕ

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯨꯠ (Aortic Root): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ (Aortic Valve): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯐꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯤꯐꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ (ascending Aorta): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ (Aortic Arch): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ (thoracic aorta)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯦꯟ (abdominal aorta) ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:

ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ : ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ (brachiocephalic Trunk) : ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ, ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (left Subclavian Artery): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (left Carotid Artery): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯉ꯭ꯀꯤꯌꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ (bronchial arteries): ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯉ꯭ꯀꯤꯑꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯌꯥ, ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ (Esophageal Arteries) : ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁ (esophagus)꯫
• ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ (pericardial arteries) : ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯄꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯨꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯃꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯕꯦꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫

• ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯌꯥꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔ, ꯁ꯭ꯞꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯅꯛꯔꯤꯑꯦꯖꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯒꯣꯅꯥꯗꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ : ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯑꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯂꯝꯕꯔ ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯦꯛꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (tailbone) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧ꯫
• ꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ: ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ꯫

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ:

• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯒꯔꯖꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ / ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ: ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Aortic Stenosis): ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ (aortic valve) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯕꯥꯏꯀꯁꯄꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease) : ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯐꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯤꯐꯂꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ-ꯃꯔꯩ ꯐꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯎꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ, ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯄꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ:

• Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: A bulge in a weak spot in the aorta as it passes through the abdomen.
• ꯗꯤꯂꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯨꯠ (Dilated Aortic Root): ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ (thoracic Aortic Aneurysm) : ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯠꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯂꯁꯔ: ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯁꯤꯡ)ꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ (Aortic Dissection): ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯔꯨꯄꯆꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ:ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯗꯤꯐꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯛꯇꯦꯁꯟ (Coarctation of the Aorta): ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ (aorta) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ (HLHS): ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ HLHSꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ (interrupted Aortic Arch): ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯗꯛꯇꯁ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯁꯁ (PDA): ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯠꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ:

• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Aortic Atherosclerosis): ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ (plaques) ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (Aortic Infection): ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ: ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯏꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥ (Aortic Trauma): ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ (aortic trauma) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯒꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯝꯕꯁ (Mural Thrombus) (Mural Thrombus) : ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯇꯥꯀꯥꯌꯥꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ (Takaasu’s Arteritis): ꯃꯈꯨꯠ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ?

ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ:

• ``ꯑꯇꯣꯁꯣꯃꯜ ꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ''꯫
• `ꯗꯤꯖꯔꯖ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ`꯫
• `ꯑꯦꯍꯂꯔꯁ-ꯗꯥꯅꯂꯣꯁ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ`꯫
• `ꯂꯣꯌꯁ-ꯗꯥꯏꯇꯖ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ`꯫
• `ꯃꯥꯔꯐꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ`꯫
• `ꯇꯔꯅꯥꯔ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ`꯫
• `ꯎꯏꯂꯤꯌꯥꯃꯁ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ`꯫

ꯑꯩꯁꯨ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ:

• ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯄꯂꯃꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (ꯁꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯄꯤ.ꯗꯤ.)
• ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ `(ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯁ)`꯫
• ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯜ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯑꯦꯄꯅꯤꯌꯥ꯫
• ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕ

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.

• ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯌꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ (aneurysms)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯇꯦ꯫ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯔꯤꯄꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯆꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯖꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯆꯠ-ꯁꯥꯖꯠ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯄꯥ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯆꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ, ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯨꯒꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯌꯨ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯍꯜꯂꯨ꯫

ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯁꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯐꯇꯋꯥꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯚ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ `(ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ - ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.)`
• ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯒꯦ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯅꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯑꯣꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ!

` ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ, ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ, ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ꯫