ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯪꯂꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ? ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ (brachiocephalic trunk): ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯀꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ!

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯅꯤ! ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ . ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ (ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ) ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ``ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯝ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ``ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯅꯝ'' ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ `(Aortic arch)`ꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ``ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ'' ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ `(Aorta)`ꯕꯨ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ, `(Aortic arch)`ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ `(Ascending aorta)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ `(Ascending aorta)` ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(Bifurcates)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ: ꯱.

• ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (right subclavian artery): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯥꯔꯝ (right arm)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ, ꯃꯥꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯆ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯅꯣꯛꯂꯥꯚꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯖꯣꯟ (right sternoclavicular joint)ꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯚꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (trunk) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ 4ꯗꯒꯤ 5 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ . ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯱꯰.꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯳.꯷ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ:

• ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯃꯥ `(ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯃꯥ / ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯥ)`: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ `(Endothelial cells)` ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯃꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯇꯨꯅꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯦꯗꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯌꯥ (Tunica adventitia / externa): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯃꯛ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯔꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯝꯅꯥ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯈꯥꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ:

• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ (ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ)꯫
• ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, `(Aortic arch)`ꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯤ:

1. ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ, ``ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆ''ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ``ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ''꯫

2. ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ, ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯇꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯁꯕꯛꯂꯦꯚꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ, `(Aortic arch)`ꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ:

• ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣ-ꯏꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ ꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯂꯥ (TIF): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯟꯗꯄꯥꯏꯞ (trachea) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯠ (brachiocephalic) ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯋꯦ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯊꯨꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.

• ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ: ꯱.ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯤꯔꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯂꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ) ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯥꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ) ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯐꯦꯇꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ (aneurysm): ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯝ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ (bulge) ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯨꯞꯔꯥ-ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯎꯔꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯁ 100ꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 3 ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯁꯨ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ: ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯚꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯩꯈꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯆꯨꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇ-ꯍꯦꯜꯊ ꯗꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ: ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯇꯦꯔꯦꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯗꯥꯏꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ: ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯠ 30, ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯃꯉꯥꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯣꯕꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ) ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯗꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
• ꯌꯨ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ `(ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ)` ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ `(ꯊꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ)` ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯃꯁꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯧ: ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 7ꯗꯒꯤ 9 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ: ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯛ-ꯑꯞ ꯇꯧ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄꯣꯏꯟꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯇꯣꯃꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯅꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ)

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ, [...]

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡ-ꯂꯃꯇꯥꯛ, ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ, ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ, ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤ꯫

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯉꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯅꯤ꯫

` ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯑꯣꯁꯦꯐꯦꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯔꯤ, ꯑꯦꯑꯣꯔꯇꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯍꯦꯂꯊ꯫