ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯒꯣꯄꯟ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ)

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯣ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯌꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯨ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ, ꯃꯆꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ‘ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯇꯦꯉ꯭ꯀꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯏ .

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯚꯦꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯚꯥ (IVC)ꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯌꯥꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫

• ꯔꯥꯏꯠ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ꯫
• ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯗꯜ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯀꯨꯂꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯍꯟꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ? ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ . ꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯃꯈꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯂꯦꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯏ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ‘ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯦꯇꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯚꯦꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯚꯥ’ (ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ.)ꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯚꯤ.ꯁꯤ.ꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫

ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯨꯗ-ꯆꯤꯌꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ (blood clots) ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫. ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯃꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

• ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯄꯔꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ (portal hypertension): ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ (portal vein)ꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯜ ꯚꯦꯔꯤꯁ (esophageal varices): ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯌꯁ (gullet) (gullet)ꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ (veines) ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁ (Ascites): ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ (abdomen) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ (Cirrhosis of the liver) : ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ (ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯎꯇꯦꯗ ꯇꯣꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ - ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯝ ꯑꯥꯔ ꯑꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ (ꯃꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ - ꯑꯦꯝ ꯑꯥꯔ ꯑꯥꯏ): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ: ꯀꯦꯁ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ, ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯤꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ-ꯕꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯡ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯤꯡ (ꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯝꯕꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ) ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯁꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ: ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ‘ꯑꯦꯟꯠꯔꯥꯟꯁ’ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ‘ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯠ’ꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫

• ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ (portal Vein): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯉꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯜ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯀꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ (Hepatic Veins) : ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯍꯦꯄꯥꯇꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫