ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ (back pain) ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯀꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯅꯤꯄꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ (ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯁꯤꯡ)ꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯤ.ꯁꯤꯡ)ꯅꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ "ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯥ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯗꯥ ꯐꯤꯂꯣꯁꯣꯐꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
- ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ): ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫
- ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯣ.ꯗꯥꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ): ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ . ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯋꯥꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯔꯤ , ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .
- ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯕꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ: ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
- ꯅꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯗꯤ: ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯤꯛ, ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯀꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯕꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯛ ꯄꯦꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯃꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯁꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
| ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ/ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ꯫ | ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
|---|---|
| ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ꯫ | ꯑꯦꯖꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯅꯣꯁ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
| ꯗꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯚ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ꯫ | ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯕꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.(ꯏꯔꯤꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ), ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯌꯥꯝꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯁꯇꯤꯄꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ |
| ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥꯏꯑꯦꯂꯖꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ꯫ |
| ꯃꯁꯜ-ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ꯫ | ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯀꯥꯔꯄꯦꯜ ꯇꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯝ꯫ |
| ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ (Edema), ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯥ, ꯁꯤꯌꯥꯇꯤꯀꯥ꯫ |
| ꯒꯥꯏꯅꯣꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ (Coccydynia)꯫ |
| ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯄꯣꯠ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ꯫ |
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ, ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐ-ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯍꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫
ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯅꯕꯥ, ꯐꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯎꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯥꯀꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ?
ꯍꯣꯌ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ. ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
- ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ: ꯖꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯄꯦꯊꯤ (cranial Osteopathy): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯗ-ꯑꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡ-ꯈꯨꯠ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯣꯔꯣꯃꯦꯟꯗꯤꯕꯨꯂꯔ ꯖꯣꯟ (TMJ) ꯗꯤꯁꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
- ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯝꯄ: ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤ (Muscle Energy): ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯔꯤꯂꯥꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯣꯁꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯐꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯖ: ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ (fascia) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯤꯂꯥꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯔꯤꯕ ꯔꯦꯏꯁꯤꯡ: ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯀꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ? ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯕꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ:
- ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯎ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
- ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ:ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯁꯤꯟꯅꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ: ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 24ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯚꯤ ꯂꯤꯐꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ., ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯏꯔꯣꯞꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
| ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ꯫ | ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ꯫ | ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? |
|---|---|---|
| ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ | ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯥ (ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ) ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ | ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯣ. ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯗꯤ.) |
| ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯚꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫ | ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
| ꯆꯥꯏꯔꯣꯞꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯜ-ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫ | ꯀꯥꯏꯔꯣꯞꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫ |
ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯑꯣ.ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯇꯤ.ꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯁꯅꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯏꯐꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫
- ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫











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