ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯥ ‘ꯄꯥꯔꯥꯚꯥꯂꯚꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯂꯤꯛ’ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯂꯤꯛ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯔꯤ꯫
ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯚꯥꯂꯚꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯃꯞꯂꯥꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ-ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯄꯨꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯚꯥꯂꯚꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯂꯤꯛ (ꯄꯤ.ꯚꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯚꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ (ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯔ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ) ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯄꯀꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ‘ꯁꯤꯜ’ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯊꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯤ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:
| ꯐꯤꯚꯝ | ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ꯫ |
|---|---|
| ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫ | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫ |
| ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ (Dyspnea) . | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ |
| ꯍꯦꯃꯣꯂꯥꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥ꯫ | ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ |
| ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫ |
| ꯔꯤ-ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ꯫ | ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ꯫ |
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯏ.ꯁꯤ.ꯖꯤ.(ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ): ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯎ꯫
- ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ: ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
- ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯑꯦꯁꯣꯐꯦꯖꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ (TEE): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯁꯣꯐꯦꯒꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
- ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ.ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.: ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ (3D) ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯛ ꯇꯧ꯫
ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯊꯤꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯌꯦꯛ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯇꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯂꯤ:
1. ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯨꯏꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ (femoral artery) ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (catheter) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
2. ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ (TEEꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯕꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯃꯖꯤꯡꯏ꯫
꯳.ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ:ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ (closure device) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
4. ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ: ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯥꯔꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ꯫
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯒꯦ, ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫
ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:
- ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ: ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ: ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫
- ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
- ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯎꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
ꯀꯗꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?
ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ .
ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯔꯤꯞꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯦ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ꯫
ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
- ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯚꯥꯂꯚꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯂꯤꯛ (PVL) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯕꯨꯅꯤ꯫
- PVL ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯩ꯫
- ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
- ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
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