Skip to main content

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ? ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ‘ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯁ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯇꯔ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯅꯦꯜ (`ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯁ`) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (`ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯇꯔ`)ꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ `(ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯇꯦꯔꯣꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯛ ꯖꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ - UPJ)`ꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ , ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ `(ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ , ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .

ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ, ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

``UPJ'' ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ 1500ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ 18 ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯂꯕ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ? ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ . ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ꯫ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ꯫
ꯂꯦꯄꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯣꯕꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

  • ꯔꯣꯖꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 8 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ꯫
  • ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ: ꯱.

  • ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
  • ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
  • ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ꯫
  • ꯐꯣꯂꯦ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯀꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(Stent) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫` ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ `(ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ)` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ (Hydronephrosis) ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯃꯍꯤꯛ ꯄꯛꯄ.
  • ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ)꯫
  • ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ꯫
  • ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫

    ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯅꯤ . ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯍꯨꯝꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ .

    ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

    • ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯎ꯫ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯇꯔ ꯲-꯳ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫
    • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯦꯟꯀꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ) ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
    • ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
    • ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯨ-ꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
    • ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯤꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯶ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

    ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

    ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

    • ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ .
    • ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ , ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ (pus drainage) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫
    • ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ꯫
    • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
    • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU) ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫

    ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯵% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫

    ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

    • ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯇꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ (UPJ obstruction)꯫
    • ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
    • ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
    • ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
    • ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇꯪ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

    ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯍꯥꯂꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯌꯨ.ꯄꯤ.ꯖꯦ.ꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ, ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯇꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ, ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
    ⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

    💬 Comments (0)

    No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.

    Add Your Comment

    Please calculate: 1 + 9 =
    ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!
    ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫জুলাই ৬, ২০২৬

    ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ!

    ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯔꯃꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯃꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ? ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ‘ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫

    ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

    ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯁ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯇꯔ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

    ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯅꯦꯜ (`ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯁ`) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ (`ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯇꯔ`)ꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ `(ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯇꯦꯔꯣꯄꯦꯂꯚꯤꯛ ꯖꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ - UPJ)`ꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ? ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯏ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ , ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ `(ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ)` ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ , ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .

    ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ, ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫

    ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

    ``UPJ'' ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ 1500ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ 18 ꯁꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯂꯕ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

    ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯤ.ꯇꯤ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

    ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ? ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

    ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ . ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ꯫

    ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ꯫ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ꯫
    ꯂꯦꯄꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯔꯣꯕꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
    ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯊ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯄꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
    ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯦ꯫

    ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

    ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝ-ꯁꯥꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

    • ꯔꯣꯖꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯨꯡ 8 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯒꯅꯤ꯫
    • ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯨ꯫
    • ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

    ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

    ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯗꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ: ꯱.

    • ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
    • ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
    • ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤ꯫
    • ꯐꯣꯂꯦ ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫
    • ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯅꯀꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫

    ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

    ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯤꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯕꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ `(Stent) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫` ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ `(ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ)` ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

    ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

    ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

    ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯀꯁꯤꯡ꯫
    • ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ꯫
    • ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ꯫
    • ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ (Hydronephrosis) ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫
    • ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫
  • ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯃꯍꯤꯛ ꯄꯛꯄ.
  • ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
  • ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ)꯫
  • ꯍꯔꯅꯤꯌꯥ꯫
  • ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ꯫

    ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯒꯅꯤ . ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯍꯨꯝꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯒꯅꯤ .

    ꯌꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ:

    • ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯎ꯫ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯇꯔ ꯲-꯳ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ꯫
    • ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯦꯟꯀꯤꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ) ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
    • ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯎ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ꯫
    • ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯨ-ꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯁꯣꯔꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
    • ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯃꯔꯤꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯶ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

    ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

    ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

    • ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯞꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ .
    • ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ , ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯎꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯛ-ꯄꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯃꯈꯠꯄꯥ (pus drainage) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫
    • ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ꯫
    • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯉꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
    • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ , ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯗꯤꯄꯥꯔꯇꯃꯦꯟꯇ (ETU) ꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ꯫

    ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯹꯵% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯱꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯆꯔꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ꯫

    ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫

    • ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯇꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ (UPJ obstruction)꯫
    • ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯅꯁꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ)ꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
    • ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
    • ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯌ ꯄꯥꯛꯂꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ, ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫
    • ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛꯇꯪ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

    ꯄꯥꯏꯂꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯍꯥꯂꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯌꯨ.ꯄꯤ.ꯖꯦ.ꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ, ꯏꯎꯔꯦꯇꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯕꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯥꯀꯁꯟ, ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ꯫
    ⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

    💬 Comments (0)

    No comments yet. Be the first to share your thoughts here.

    Add Your Comment

    Please calculate: 1 + 9 =