ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯔꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ!

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯅꯣꯟꯖꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯇꯕꯥ, ꯑꯌꯨꯛ-ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯄꯤꯖꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯊꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ‘ꯕꯦꯀꯕꯣꯟ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯧꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (brainstem)ꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯐꯤꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯇꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ:

• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ (intramedullary)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ (meninges) (ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯥꯔꯤ) ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯚꯔꯤꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ (vertebrae) (extradural)ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡ (vertebrae)ꯗꯥ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯟ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯇ) ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ . ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ: ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ (ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯀꯦꯜ), ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗꯥ (thoracic), ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ (ꯂꯝꯕꯔ) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ (sacrum)꯫
• ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ: ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ (ꯗꯨꯔꯥ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ (ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯥꯔꯤ), ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ (ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯥꯔꯤ), ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯚꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ, ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ (ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ)꯫
• ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯔꯥ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯔꯥ: ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ꯫
• ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ: ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ``ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯟ`` ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ``ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯇ`` ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ:

• ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯀꯦꯜ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯂꯝꯕꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯟ: ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ꯫
• ꯁꯦꯛꯔꯨꯝ: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯔꯥꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ .

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯗꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ:

• ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ-ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯥꯔꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ: ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯟ ꯀꯚꯔꯤꯡ (dura)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 40%ꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯥꯔꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ: ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 5%ꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯠꯔꯥꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ: ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀꯚꯔꯤꯡ (`(dura)`)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ (`(vertebrae)`)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ (`(vertebrae)`)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ꯫ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ 55%ꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯁꯨ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯞꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯀꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯐꯤꯁꯔꯤ (ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯇ (ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ) ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ (sacrum) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯂꯕꯣꯟ (coccyx)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯄꯦꯟꯗꯤꯃꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯒ꯭ꯂꯤꯑꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯔꯚ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ``ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯁꯥꯏꯠ`` ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯦꯃꯥꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯔꯚꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ (`(ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯔꯚꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ)`)ꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯃꯦꯅꯤꯅꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯥ (Meningioma): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ (``ꯃꯦꯅꯤꯅꯖꯦꯁ'')ꯕꯨ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (``ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯟ'') ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (benign) ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯑꯣꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯄꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯨꯎꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯥꯌꯥꯅꯣꯃꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ, ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯐꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯅꯔꯚꯁ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (`ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯟ`) ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯃꯥꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯃꯥ (Spinal hemangioma): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (`benign`) ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ) ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯪꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫
• ꯂꯤꯎꯀꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥ (ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ)꯫
• ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯣꯃꯥ (ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ)꯫
• ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯃꯥꯏꯂꯣꯃꯥ (ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ)꯫
• ꯃꯦꯂꯥꯅꯣꯃꯥ (ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ)꯫
• ꯁꯥꯔꯀꯣꯃꯥ (ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ)꯫
• ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫
• ꯊꯥꯌꯔꯣꯏꯗ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒꯦꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯃꯈꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ?

ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯪꯁ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 65 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 74ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ 10 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 16ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ (ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ) ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ . ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ 97% ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ 30% ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 70%ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯔꯛꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (`(ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯟ)`) ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 0.5% ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (`(ꯃꯥꯂꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯇ)`) ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ꯫
• ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ꯫
• ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯅꯣ?

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ꯫

ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯐꯤꯁꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯗꯤ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯗ- ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ:

• ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯊꯋꯥꯌ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ .
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ-ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫
• ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯟ ꯀꯤꯂꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡ ꯇꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯄꯦꯟ (radicular pain ) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯄꯐꯝ, ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯥꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ, ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ, ꯅꯔꯚ ꯔꯨꯇꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯄꯤꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ, ꯇꯤꯟ ꯁꯤꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡ, ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯜ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ (`(ꯕꯣꯋꯦꯜ ꯏꯅꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ)` ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ `(ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯏꯅꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯁ)`)꯫
• ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯂꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ . ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ (ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯈꯉꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯏꯝꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯣꯃꯥ (ꯏꯝꯌꯨꯟ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ) ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯖꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ (ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ) ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ (ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ) ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯏꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ, ꯂꯪꯁ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯅꯝ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯒꯦ?

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ (`(ꯁꯤꯝꯄꯇꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ)`) ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ `(ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ)` ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯎꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ (straining)꯫
• ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ/ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯝꯄꯦꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯜ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯕꯥ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯈꯔꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯐꯥꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯇꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ, ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ (bone and soft tissues) ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ MRI ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ/ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ CT ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯅꯁꯨ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ: ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯇ) ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯝꯐꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯪꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯞꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯦꯅꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯀꯥꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯦꯇꯦꯖꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ, ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯒꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯁꯤꯅꯤ:

• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯤꯡ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯤ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯗꯤꯁꯤꯞꯂꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯟꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯟꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯑꯣꯔꯊꯣꯄꯦꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯁꯀꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ (ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ) ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ: ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯒꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯠꯔꯥꯚꯦꯅꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯇꯦꯛꯇꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯟ-ꯁꯔꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯅꯟ-ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ, ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯕꯤꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯣꯖꯔ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ: ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯍꯨꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯁꯄꯣꯟꯁ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ, ꯅꯔꯚꯀꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯄꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯃꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯚꯔꯇꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯥꯏꯐꯣꯞꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯤ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯑꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯕꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯏꯅꯖꯦꯀꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯄꯤ, ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯎꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ 10%ꯗꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ: ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯔꯛꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯨꯞꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯟ) ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯠꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯏ.

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯔꯤꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯏꯟꯠꯔꯥꯃꯦꯗꯨꯂꯥꯔꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯔꯚꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ (ꯃꯦꯂꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯇ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ (ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ) ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ:

• ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯇꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ 2 (NF2): ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖ (ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ) ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯔꯥꯛꯅꯣꯏꯗ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯀꯤ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯤꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯚꯣꯟ ꯍꯤꯄꯜ-ꯂꯤꯟꯗꯥꯎ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ (VHL): ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ, ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯍꯦꯃꯥꯟꯖꯤꯑꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯃꯥꯁ)ꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯦꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ (ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ) ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯁꯨ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯁꯦꯂꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ (ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ) ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ꯫

ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ, ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ (ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ) ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ꯫

ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯨꯕꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯤꯑꯣꯑꯦꯗꯖꯨꯕꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯨꯕꯦꯟꯇ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯃꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯄꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯅꯤ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯇꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯇꯂꯨꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ, ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯀꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯍꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯒꯅꯨ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯐꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯤꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ/ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯂꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯔꯖꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯔꯨꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯨ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 1990ꯗꯥ ꯐꯣꯟ ꯇꯧ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯃꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯁꯣꯅꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ, ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯀꯧ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯗꯕꯤꯒꯅꯨ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ-ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯂꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯠꯆꯤꯜꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯛ ꯆꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫
• ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯎ: ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯥꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ (ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ) ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫
• ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ: ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ, ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯃꯣꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯐ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯉꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ: ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯄꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ!

` ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯤꯎꯃꯔ, ꯕꯦꯛ ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯕꯦꯛ ꯄꯦꯏꯟ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯗ, ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫