ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ "ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ" ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯉꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ , ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯏ-ꯑꯉꯥꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ "ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ" ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇꯦ? ꯃꯗꯨꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯊꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯁꯨꯄꯆꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ .

ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ?

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ 3 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 6ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯏꯅꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯦꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯷꯲%ꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ:

• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯐꯠ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ (false tendons) ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯤꯌꯥ (ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯂꯥꯔ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ (Tricuspid valve)ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯟꯇꯤꯂꯦꯇꯔꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ, ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ (chordae) ꯈꯔꯅꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ, ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯚꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ . ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯑꯣꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯍꯥꯔꯄꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ . ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯊꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯀꯣꯀꯊꯣꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ .

ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅꯥ ꯈꯉꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ . ꯄꯔꯤꯈꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ:

• ꯑꯦꯕꯗꯣꯃꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯂꯄꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯔ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫
• ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯦꯂꯄꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ (cardiomegaly) ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ (ꯄꯂꯁ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤ)꯫
• ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯔꯛꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ (distal pulse palpation) ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯂꯄꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯊꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ: ꯱.

• ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ꯫
• ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ꯫
• ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ (murmurs) .

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯀꯅꯤ :

• ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯠꯁꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯀꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯗꯥ, ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯏ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (Systolic murmur), ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (Diastolic murmur) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯕꯔꯥ? ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ (Mid-systolic) ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯔꯥ (ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ)? ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯅꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯃꯍꯧꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯒꯦ/ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ? `(ꯏꯟꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤ)`? ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ)꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯌꯤꯡ, ꯂꯣ-ꯄꯤꯆ꯭ꯆ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ:

• ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐ (EKG): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫
• ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ (echo): ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯕꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯦꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ?

ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ . ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ-ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ-ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ .

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ Still’s Murmur ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ-ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯈꯪꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ Still’s Murmur ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯂꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ:

• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯅꯖꯩ .
• ꯑꯍꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ .
• ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯥ, ꯁꯥꯖꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯂꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
• ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯥꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯞ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯤ꯫ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯗꯥꯌꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯎꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ?

ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ:

• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ, ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯎꯔꯕꯗꯤ .
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ (ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ) ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯄꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ (Dyspnea) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ (Dispnea) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯌꯥꯔꯤꯕꯃꯈꯩ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯩ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯛ-ꯍꯣꯝ ꯃꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:

ꯑꯣꯀꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ . ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ:

• ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ 3-6 ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ) ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯁꯃꯁ꯭ꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯗꯦ .
• ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ꯫
• ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯊꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯇꯥꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫
• ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ, ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ .

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯛꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯟꯅꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏ꯫

` ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ, ꯏꯅꯅꯣꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ, ꯄꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯀꯁ, ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯍꯦꯜꯊ, ꯏꯅꯅꯣꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯁ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ꯫