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ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

"ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ, ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.(ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯐꯨꯜ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ 'ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ', 'ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁ ꯱꯵-꯲꯰' ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 'ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯦꯂꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁ ++' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯈꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ꯫ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯔꯥ?" ꯆꯍꯤ ꯲꯳ ꯁꯨꯔꯕꯤ ꯊꯥꯔꯨꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯐꯨꯜ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ (UFR) ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯝꯕꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯔꯨꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ / ꯗꯕꯜꯌꯨ.ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯵-꯲꯰ꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ꯌꯨ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ! (ꯃꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯂꯦꯕꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯐꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯇꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? (ꯃꯆꯨ)

  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (pale yellow) ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ:
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯠꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ)꯫
  • ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
  • ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯔꯥ? ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯈꯥꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ? (ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ/ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ)

  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ: ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯏ, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯈꯥꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ/ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯌ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ - ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ - ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ? (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ - ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ. ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ.)

  • ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ‘ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ’ (thickness) ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯃꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯃꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ (ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ (ꯂꯣ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯄꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ (ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ/ꯗꯤꯄꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ)

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯄꯔ (ꯗꯤꯄꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯒꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ? (ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

#### ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯐꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ) ꯴.

  • ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ) (Negative/Nil) ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ/ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ (Glomerulus)ꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯆꯤꯅꯤ (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯖ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯖ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

  • ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ/Nil)꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯅꯤ (ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ) ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫

#### ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ? (ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

  • ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯣꯖꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ) ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ)꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯔꯨꯕꯤꯟ / ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯅꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? (ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯔꯨꯕꯤꯟ / ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯅꯣꯖꯦꯟ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯖꯟꯗꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯏ)

  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ (ꯂꯤꯎꯀꯣꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯦꯖ & ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯠ)

ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ (ꯂꯤꯎꯀꯣꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (UTI) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯤꯎꯀꯣꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ) ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ (ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ)

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

#### ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ (RBC) ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ)

  • ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ (ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 0-3) ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
  • ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ / ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯗꯕꯜꯌꯨ.ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.)? (ꯍꯣꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ / ꯄꯨꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ)

  • ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ! ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ (ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ) ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

  • ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ‘ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯂꯤ ꯇꯨꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

  • ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ (RBC ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ, WBC ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ‘ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ’ꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯒꯦ?

  • ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯂꯦꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ (kidney stones) ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫

#### ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ (ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ) ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ, ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ)

  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

🚨 ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ UFR ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ:

  • ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ (RBC) ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ: ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ RBC ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ 5ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ (ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ)꯫
  • ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ++ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ +++): ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ)꯫
  • ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ: ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ RBC ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ (ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ)꯫
  • ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯖꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

🛠️ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 1: ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 2: ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ (ꯗꯤꯁꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯨ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ)꯫
  • ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ ꯃꯔꯤ: ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ ꯃꯉꯥ: ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯇꯔ 2-3 ꯊꯀꯎ꯫

📊 ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ (ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯒꯥꯏꯗ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ

ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ꯫ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯆꯨ ꯄꯥꯂꯦ ꯌꯦꯂꯣ꯫ ꯂꯥꯜ (ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ), ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ (ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ)
ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯗ - ꯄꯨꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ (ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯖꯤ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯱.꯰꯰꯲ - ꯱.꯰꯳꯵ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ (ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ), ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ (ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ)
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ / ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ꯫ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ) ꯴. ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ - ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯖ꯫ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ) ꯴. ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ - ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ꯫
ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯠ꯫ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ) ꯴. ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ - ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (UTI)
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯦꯂꯦꯠ (ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ

ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯈꯔꯥ (FAQ)

ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ▼ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯰-꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫ 5ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, 15-20 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 20-30) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (UTI)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ▼ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯖꯤꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ/ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ UFR ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯔꯥ? ▼ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ▼ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ (ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ) ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯂꯦꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

📖 ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ꯫

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ꯫এপ্রিল ৫, ২০২৫

ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

"ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ, ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.(ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯐꯨꯜ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ 'ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ', 'ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁ ꯱꯵-꯲꯰' ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 'ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯦꯂꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁ ++' ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩ ꯂꯥꯡꯇꯛꯅꯈꯤ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ꯫ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯈꯤꯕꯔꯥ?" ꯆꯍꯤ ꯲꯳ ꯁꯨꯔꯕꯤ ꯊꯥꯔꯨꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯈꯤ꯫

ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯐꯨꯜ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ (UFR) ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯝꯕꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯊꯥꯔꯨꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ / ꯗꯕꯜꯌꯨ.ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯵-꯲꯰ꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯏꯆꯝ ꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (ꯌꯨ.ꯇꯤ.ꯑꯥꯏ.) ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫

ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯨꯞꯅꯇꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ! (ꯃꯦꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯂꯦꯕꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯐꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯇꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? (ꯃꯆꯨ)

  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡ-ꯑꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ (pale yellow) ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ:
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯤꯠꯔꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ)꯫
  • ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫
  • ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯔꯥ? ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯈꯥꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯔꯥ? (ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ/ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ)

  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ: ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯏ, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ-ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯈꯥꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ/ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯌ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯃꯖꯤꯅꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ - ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ, ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ - ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ? (ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ - ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯄꯤ. ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦ.)

  • ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯝ ‘ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ’ (thickness) ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯃꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯃꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯔꯨ-ꯇꯅꯥꯅꯕꯥ (ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ (ꯂꯣ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ) ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯊꯪꯗꯥ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯄꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯎꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ (ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ/ꯗꯤꯄꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ)

ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯄꯔ (ꯗꯤꯄꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯒꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯀꯄꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯉꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯒꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ? (ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯩꯆ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

#### ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯐꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯅꯣ? (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ) ꯴.

  • ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ) (Negative/Nil) ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯈꯔꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ/ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ (Glomerulus)ꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯆꯤꯅꯤ (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯖ) ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? (ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯖ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

  • ꯃꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ/Nil)꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯅꯤ (ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ) ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯅꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫

#### ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ? (ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

  • ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯤꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ (ꯗꯥꯏꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯔꯣꯖꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ) ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯐꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯞꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯚ)꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯗꯥ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯔꯨꯕꯤꯟ / ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯅꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? (ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯔꯨꯕꯤꯟ / ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯕꯤꯂꯤꯅꯣꯖꯦꯟ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ.

ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯖꯟꯗꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯏ)

  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯅꯤ (ꯂꯤꯎꯀꯣꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯦꯖ & ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯠ)

ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ (ꯂꯤꯎꯀꯣꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯦꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (UTI) ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯤꯎꯀꯣꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ) ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ (ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ)

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯟꯠꯔꯦꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯦꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫

#### ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ (RBC) ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ)

  • ꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯔꯦꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ (ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ 0-3) ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
  • ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯂꯥꯅꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯇꯦꯞ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ / ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯗꯕꯜꯌꯨ.ꯕꯤ.ꯁꯤ.)? (ꯍꯣꯏꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ / ꯄꯨꯁ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ)

  • ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ! ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ (ꯃꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ) ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯏ꯫
  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯅꯤ꯫

#### ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

  • ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯄꯤꯊꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ‘ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯠ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯂꯤ ꯇꯨꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ?

  • ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ‘ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ’ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯇꯤꯎꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ (RBC ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ, WBC ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

#### ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ‘ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ’ꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯔꯀꯄꯒꯦ?

  • ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯌꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯃꯈꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
  • ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯂꯦꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ (kidney stones) ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯩ꯫

#### ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ (ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ) ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? (ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ, ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ)

  • ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯖꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯦ꯫
  • ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

🚨 ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯂꯍꯧꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯔꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ UFR ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ:

  • ꯔꯦꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ (RBC) ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ: ꯃꯥꯏꯛꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯀꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟꯗꯥ RBC ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ 5ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ (ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ)꯫
  • ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ++ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ +++): ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ)꯫
  • ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ: ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ RBC ꯀꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ (ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯁꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯀꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ)꯫
  • ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯖꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯣꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

🛠️ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 1: ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯨ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ 2: ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯀꯎ (ꯗꯤꯁꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯅꯨ, ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯣꯌꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ)꯫
  • ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯀꯂꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯧ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ ꯃꯔꯤ: ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯗꯣꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
  • ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ ꯃꯉꯥ: ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯇꯔ 2-3 ꯊꯀꯎ꯫

📊 ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ (ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯞꯔꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯒꯥꯏꯗ)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ

ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ꯫ ꯑꯦꯕꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯒꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?
ꯃꯆꯨ ꯄꯥꯂꯦ ꯌꯦꯂꯣ꯫ ꯂꯥꯜ (ꯏ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ), ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ (ꯂꯤꯚꯔ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖ)
ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯗ - ꯄꯨꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ꯫
ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯚꯤꯇꯤ (ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯖꯤ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯱.꯰꯰꯲ - ꯱.꯰꯳꯵ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ (ꯔꯦꯅꯥꯜ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ), ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ (ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ)
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ / ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ꯫ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ) ꯴. ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ - ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯠꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯂꯨꯀꯣꯖ꯫ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ) ꯴. ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ - ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯕꯦꯇꯤꯖ꯫
ꯅꯥꯏꯠꯔꯥꯏꯠ꯫ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ (ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ) ꯴. ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ - ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (UTI)
ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯦꯂꯦꯠ (ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ)ꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ

ꯑꯗꯣꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯪꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯈꯔꯥ (FAQ)

ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ? ▼ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯀꯁꯦꯜ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯄꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇ ꯰-꯵ ꯂꯩ꯫ 5ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, 15-20 ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ 20-30) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (UTI)ꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯣꯃꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯅꯣ? ▼ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯚꯦꯖꯤꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯌꯕꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯤꯗꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯝ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯗꯔ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫

ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ/ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯅꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ UFR ꯔꯤꯖꯜꯇ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯇꯥꯀꯄꯔꯥ? ▼ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯍꯧꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯔꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯑꯦꯂꯕꯨꯃꯤꯟ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯤꯗꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯡ-ꯑꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯇꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ▼ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫

ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ, ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯥ (ꯗꯤꯍꯥꯌꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ) ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯂꯁꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯂꯦꯇꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯅꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫

📖 ꯁꯣꯔꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ꯫

⚠️ Important: The medical articles and information on Nirogi Lanka are for general awareness only, and are by no means a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. For any medical problem you have, consult a qualified physician immediately.

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