ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ? ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯂꯁꯤ!

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯊꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯇꯥꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ "ꯂꯨꯕ-ꯗꯕ" ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ "ꯁ...ꯁ..." ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ, ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ "ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯔ" ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯥ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯔ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯀꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ? ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯁꯤ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ꯫

‘ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ’ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯀꯄꯥ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯄꯝꯄ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯀꯩ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯧꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯃꯔꯤ (ꯚꯜꯌꯨ) ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ "ꯂꯕ-ꯗꯕ" ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ‘ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ’ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ? ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ "ꯁ...ꯁ..." ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ:

• ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯟꯊꯔꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯨꯅꯥ ꯏ ꯆꯦꯅꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯆꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯖ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ (leaky valve) ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
• ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯨꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯀꯅꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ꯫
• ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫

ꯑꯁꯣꯛ-ꯑꯄꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ (Innocent) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡ (Pathological)

ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯨꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯉꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ?

ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯇꯥꯔꯤ:

• ꯂꯥꯎꯕꯥ: ꯋꯥꯍꯪ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯒꯦ? (ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱ꯗꯒꯤ ꯶ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯏ)꯫
• ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯆ: ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯄꯤꯆ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣ ꯄꯤꯆ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯔꯥ?
• ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯦ: ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯦ?
• ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯁꯟ: ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
• ꯃꯇꯝ: ꯅꯣꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯒꯦ? ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ (`Systole`) ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯥꯛꯁꯦꯁꯟ (`Diastole`) ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ?

ꯏꯅꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯦꯗꯤꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯀꯅꯤ꯫

ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯃꯔꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯅꯧꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯚꯜꯌꯨ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ, ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯒꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯀꯑꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯀꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯐꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯆꯦꯀꯁꯤꯅꯋꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯃꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯌꯨ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫

• ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯕꯔ ꯍꯣꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ꯫
• ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯥ: ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ, ꯏꯪꯊꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯉ꯭ꯒꯣꯝ ꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯄꯈꯤꯕꯥ꯫
• ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯐꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯤꯠ, ꯈꯣꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ ꯗꯤꯁꯀꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ (Cyanosis): ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯞꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯣꯝꯂꯥꯡ ꯄꯤꯊꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯀꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯏꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯖꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ, ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ-ꯊꯧꯔꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯊꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯌꯥꯃꯈꯠꯂꯀꯄꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯀꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯍꯧ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯨꯔꯃꯨꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯄꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯔꯦꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯌ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ:

• ꯏꯀꯣꯀꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ (Echo): ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥꯁꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯨꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯆꯦꯝꯕꯔ, ꯚꯜꯌꯨ, ꯋꯥꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯍꯨꯔꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯌꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫
• ꯆꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ-ꯔꯦ: ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯪꯁꯇꯥ ꯆꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ꯫

ꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯟꯗꯔꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯀꯣꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯒꯗꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯃꯗꯤ ꯍꯥꯔꯇꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯈꯔꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯔꯠ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ (inffective endocarditis) ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯀꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯔꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯅꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯇꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯀꯃꯦꯟꯗ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫