Kodi dokotala wanu wakupatsani mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana? Anthu ena amati izi ndi 'zochepetsa magazi'. Ndizachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso mantha mukamva za mankhwalawa. Mafunso monga "Kodi kutuluka magazi kudzasiya ndikadula dzanja kapena mwendo wanga?" angabwere m'maganizo mwanu. Koma mankhwala awa ndi chinthu chomwe chingakupulumutseni moyo. Lero, tikambirana za mankhwala ochepetsa magazi awa, kapena `Anticoagulants`, m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.
Mwachidule, kodi mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana amenewa ndi chiyani?
Mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mphamvu ya magazi anu kuundana. Amathandiza thupi lanu kusungunula magazi omwe alipo kale, kapena amaletsa magazi kuundana atsopano. Awa si mapiritsi okha.
- Mankhwala omwa
- Monga jakisoni (Majakisoni)
- Monga madzi operekedwa mu mtsempha (Intravenous - IV)
Mankhwalawa amabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga: Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa ndi kuchiza matenda oopsa komanso oopsa monga sitiroko, matenda a mtima, ndi matenda a m'mapapo.
N’chifukwa chiyani tikufunika mankhwala amtunduwu?
Tangoganizani kuti mwadula pang'ono pa mkono kapena mwendo wanu. Patapita kanthawi, kutuluka magazi kumasiya. Kodi zimenezi zimachitika bwanji? Chifukwa cha magazi kuundana. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera m'thupi lathu. Njira imeneyi imaletsa kutuluka magazi ambiri kuchokera pabala ndipo bala limayamba kuchira.
Komabe, vuto limayamba pamene magazi oundanawa apanga mosafunikira, m'malo osayenera, kutanthauza mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi. Nanga chimachitika n'chiyani ngati magazi oundana omwe amapangidwa mwanjira imeneyi akuyenda ndi magazi n'kukakamira mu mitsempha yopyapyala yamagazi mu ubongo, mtima, kapena mapapo? Kenako magazi amapita ku chiwalo chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi mitsemphayo, ndipo chiwalocho chimayamba kugwira ntchito molakwika ndikuwonongeka. Ichi ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri.
Izi ndi zina mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe angachitike chifukwa cha magazi kuundana mwanjira imeneyi.
| Mkhalidwe woopsa | Zimene zimachitika basi |
|---|---|
| Stroke | Magazi oundana amapita ku ubongo ndipo amatseka mtsempha wamagazi waung'ono kumeneko. Izi zingayambitse maselo a mu ubongo kufa. |
| Kutsekeka kwa Mapafu (PE) | Kuundana kwa magazi kumatseka mtsempha waukulu wamagazi wopita ku mapapo. Uwu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, omwe angathe kupha. |
| Matenda amtima | Kuundana kwa magazi kumatseka mitsempha ya mtima yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima. Izi zimawononganso minofu ya mtima. |
Kodi mankhwala awa amaperekedwa kwa ndani kwambiri?
Madokotala amapereka mankhwala oletsa magazi kutsekeka kwa magazi awa kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda oopsa omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa. Nazi zina mwa matenda omwe amawaika pachiwopsezo:
- Kutupa kwa mtima: Apa ndi pamene zipinda ziwiri zapamwamba za mtima (atria) sizimakoka bwino, koma m'malo mwake zimagunda mosagwirizana, ngati kuti zikunjenjemera. Izi zikachitika, magazi sakupopa bwino, ndipo pali mwayi waukulu woti magazi amaundana mkati mwa zipindazo. Ngati magazi amaundanawa achoka mumtima n’kupita ku ubongo, angayambitse sitiroko.
- Opaleshoni ya Valavu ya Mtima: Pamene mavavu a mtima asinthidwa, makamaka ndi valavu yamakina, pamakhala chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana pamwamba pa valavu. Mankhwalawa ndi ofunikira kuti izi zipewedwe.
- Kubwezeretsa Chiuno kapena Bondo: Pambuyo pa opaleshoni yayikulu ngati iyi, pamakhala chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana m'mitsempha yakuya ya miyendo. Matendawa timawatcha kuti 'Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).' Pulmonary Embolism imachitika pamene magazi kuundana omwe amapangika mwendo amasweka ndikukhazikika m'mapapo.
- Matenda Otsekereza Magazi: Anthu ena ali ndi chibadwa choyambitsa kutsekereza magazi. Anthu otere amafunikanso mankhwala awa.
Mitundu ya mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana. Mtundu uliwonse umasokoneza njira youndana kwa magazi m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu ikuluikulu.
Mankhwala Omwa
1. Warfarin
Iyi ndi mankhwala omwe akhala akugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali omwe amagwira ntchito poletsa thupi kugwiritsa ntchito vitamini K, vitamini yomwe ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti magazi aziuma.
Vuto lalikulu ndi warfarin ndilakuti mlingo wake umasiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu ndipo umafunika kulamulidwa bwino.Ngati mlingo wawonjezeka pang'ono, chiopsezo chotuluka magazi chimawonjezeka, ndipo ngati wachepa, magazi kuundana satetezedwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, anthu omwe amatenga `Warfarin` ayenera kuyesedwa magazi nthawi zonse (`INR test`) kuti awone ngati mlingowo ndi wolondola.
2. Mankhwala amakono (Ma Direct Oral Anticoagulants - DOACs)
Mankhwala awa ndi atsopano. Mankhwala monga `Dabigatran`, `Rivaroxaban`, `Apixaban` ali m'gululi. Ubwino waukulu wa mankhwalawa ndi wakuti safuna kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi monga `Warfarin`. Amalimbana ndi ma enzyme enaake omwe amagwira ntchito yotseka magazi (monga `Thrombin` kapena `Factor Xa`) ndipo amasiya kugwira ntchito kwawo.
Mankhwala Obayidwa Jakisoni ndi Omwe Amalowa M'mitsempha
Heparin ndi mankhwala ena ofanana nawo
Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala ngati pakufunika zotsatira zachangu. `Heparin` imagwira ntchito poyambitsa puloteni yachilengedwe (`Antithrombin`) m'thupi lathu yomwe imaletsa magazi kuundana, ndikuletsa magazi kuundana. `Heparin Yochepa-Yolemera (LMWH)` ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa izi, wosavuta kupereka, ndipo nthawi zina umagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.
Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi zoopsa zake ndi ziti?
Chiwopsezo chachikulu komanso choyembekezeredwa cha mankhwala aliwonse oletsa magazi kutuluka magazi ndi kutuluka magazi . Izi zili choncho chifukwa mankhwalawa amayang'anira kuuma kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuvulala pang'ono kungayambitse kutuluka magazi kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.
Komabe, mankhwala ena akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina zomwe zimawakhudza iwo okha.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala | Zotsatirapo zapadera zodziwika bwino |
|---|---|
| Warfarin |
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| Heparin |
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| Mankhwala amakono a DOAC (mankhwala amakono) |
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Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti? - Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe muyenera kudziwa!
Monga munthu amene akumwa mankhwalawa, muyenera kusamala kwambiri. Chifukwa mwina simungazindikire kutuluka magazi mkati. Choncho samalani kwambiri ndi zinthu zotsatirazi.
| Zadzidzidzi ndi zochitika zomwe ziyenera kufunidwa upangiri wa dokotala | |
|---|---|
| Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. | |
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| Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Anthu Odwala Mwadzidzidzi (ETU) ya chipatala nthawi yomweyo! | |
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Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuuza dokotala aliyense ndi dokotala wa mano amene akukuthandizani kuti mukumwa mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka magazi. Ndikofunikira kudziwitsa izi ngakhale musanachotse dzino.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala oletsa magazi kutuluka magazi ndi mtundu wa mankhwala opulumutsa moyo omwe amakutetezani ku matenda aakulu monga sitiroko ndi matenda a mtima. Choncho musaope mankhwala awa.
- Onetsetsani kuti mwamwa mlingo womwe mwapatsidwa, panthawi yomwe mwapatsidwa, monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera. Musadumphe tsiku limodzi.
- Popeza pali chiopsezo chotaya magazi mukumwa mankhwalawa, samalani momwe mungathere pa zochitika zomwe zingayambitse kugwa ndi kuvulala, komanso masewera oopsa.
- Ngati mwatuluka magazi osazolowereka, kuvulala mutu, kapena kuvulala mutu, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Musanayambe mankhwala ena aliwonse (kuphatikizapo ochepetsa ululu), uzani dokotala wanu kuti mukumwa mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana, chifukwa mankhwala ena amatha kusokonezana ndi mankhwalawa.
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