Kodi mapapu anu akugwa? Tiyeni tikambirane za atelectasis!

Kodi munayamba mwamvapo zachilendo komanso zolemera pachifuwa panu mukamapuma? Kapena mwadzidzidzi mumamva ngati mukuvutika kupuma? Mwina mwangochitidwa opaleshoni yayikulu posachedwapa kapena mukuvutika ndi vuto lina la kupuma, izi zitha kukhala zofunika kwambiri kwa inu. Lero tikambirana za atelectasis, vuto lomwe gawo la mapapo, kapena nthawi zina mapapo onse, amagwa . Musadandaule, ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chingathetsedwe ngati mutachimvetsa bwino.

Mwachidule, kodi atelectasis ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, tiyeni choyamba tiwone tanthauzo la atelectasis. Mwachidule, ndi pamene thumba limodzi kapena angapo ang'onoang'ono a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapu athu amalephera kufufuma bwino ndikugwa.

Mukudziwa zomwe zimachitika tikamapuma. Mpweya umene timapuma umapita m'mapapo ndi m'matumba a mpweya otchedwa alveoli. Pamenepo ndi pomwe mpweya womwe uli mumlengalenga umasakanikirana ndi magazi athu. Kenako magazi odzaza ndi mpweyawo amapita m'thupi lonse, kupatsa ziwalo zathu zonse ndi minofu mpweya womwe zimafunikira kuti zikhale ndi moyo.

Tangoganizirani, chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati matumba a mpweya awa (alveoli) sakupeza mpweya wokwanira kuti atuluke bwino, kapena ngati akakamizidwa ndi china chake chakunja? Pamenepo ndi pomwe amagwa. Izi ndi zomwe timatcha atelectasis. Izi zitha kuchitika m'dera laling'ono la mapapo, kapena zitha kukhudza mapapo onse. Chofunika ndichakuti, ngati kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mapapo kugwa mwanjira iyi, magazi athu sangalandire mpweya wokwanira. Kenako mavuto osiyanasiyana azaumoyo angabuke.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Atelectasis ndi Pneumothorax?

Mayina awiriwa angakusokonezeni, choncho tiyeni tifotokoze kusiyana pakati pa awiriwa.

• Atelectasis , monga ndanenera kale, ndi kugwa kwa matumba a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapo kapena gawo lina la mapapo. Pankhaniyi, vuto lili m'mapapo enieniwo.
• Pneumothorax ndi pamene mpweya umalowa m'malo ozungulira mapapo, n'kukankhira mapapo mkati ndikupangitsa kuti agwe. Pankhaniyi, kupanikizika kumachokera kunja kwa mapapo.

Kodi mwaona kusiyana? Chimodzi kuchokera mkati, china kuchokera kunja.

Kodi atelectasis imatanthauza chiyani?

Ngati simunachite opaleshoni ya pachifuwa kapena m'mimba posachedwapa, ngati mwapezeka ndi atelectasis, zingasonyeze kuti pali vuto linalake m'njira yanu yopumira . Kutsekeka kumeneku ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti mbali ina kapena mapapo anu onse agwe.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga izi?

Pali anthu ochepa omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga atelectasis. Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali:

• Anthu omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni pachifuwa kapena m'mimba:Makamaka panthawi ya opaleshoni, simungathe kupuma mozama chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti akupatseni tulo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapapu anu sadzatupa bwino.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amatseka njira zazing'ono zopumira (monga bronchi) m'mapapo: Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu ya mapapo kuti azitha kukula bwino.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la chifuwa kapena nthiti zosweka: Ululu waukulu nthawi zina ngati uwu umapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma mozama.
• Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha utsi wa fodya.

Kodi mitundu ya atelectasis ndi iti?

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya atelectasis: Compressive, Resorptive/Obstructive, ndi Contraction. Kodi zikumveka zovuta pang'ono? Tiyeni tisunge zinthu mosavuta.

1. Kutsekeka kwa minofu ya thupi (compressive atelectasis)

Izi zimachitika pamene chinthu chozungulira mapapo - monga madzi, mpweya, magazi, kapena chotupa - chimakankhira mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agwe. Zili ngati kufinya kunja kwa buluni ndikupangitsa kuti igwe.

2. Kutsegula/kutsekereza atelectasis

Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika: Matumba a mpweya m'mapapo anu (alveoli) amayamwa mpweya ndi carbon dioxide m'magazi mwanu, koma palibe njira yoti mpweya watsopano ulowe. Kenako matumba a mpweyawo amatuluka ndipo amadzaza. Maopaleshoni omwe amafunikira mankhwala oletsa ululu ndi omwe amachititsa izi kwambiri.

Komanso, ngati chinachake m'mapapo (monga chotupa, chotupa, kapena chinthu chaching'ono chomwe mwameza mwangozi) chatsekeka ndikuletsa mpweya kulowa, izi zingayambitse ``Resorptive atelectasis``. Izi zimatchedwanso ``Obstructive atelectasis``` .

3. Kutsekeka kwa atelectasis

Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zipsera (fibrosis) m'mapapo. Zipserazi zimalepheretsa matumba a mpweya (alveoli) kutsegula bwino.

Mitundu ina

Makanda obadwa kumene, makamaka makanda obadwa msanga kapena omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira (ARDS), amatha kukhala ndi vuto la patchy atelectasis. Izi zimachitika pamene palibe puloteni yokwanira (yotchedwa surfactant) yomwe imaletsa mapapo kugwa.

Kuphatikiza apo, mayina monga byabasilar atelectasis, rounded atelectasis, atelectasis yodalira mphamvu yokoka, ndi subsegmental atelectasis amatanthauza malo, mawonekedwe, kapena kuopsa kwa kugwako.

Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Nthawi zambiri, atelectasis siimayambitsa zizindikiro zinazake.Komabe, ngati pali vuto linalake la matenda (monga COPD) lomwe limayambitsa atelectasis, likhoza kusonyeza zizindikiro.

Komabe, ngati atelectasis yakhudza gawo lalikulu la mapapo anu, mpweya m'magazi mwanu ukhoza kutsika. Izi zimatchedwa hypoxemia. Zizindikiro ngati izi zitha kuchitika:

• Kuvuta kupuma / kupuma movutikira (dyspnea)
• Chifuwa
• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kupuma mofulumira (tachypnea)
• Khungu labuluu ndi milomo

Kodi chifukwa chofala kwambiri ndi chiti?

Choyambitsa kwambiri cha atelectasis ndi opaleshoni . Mukagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa ululu kuti mugone tulo panthawi ya opaleshoni, simupuma kwambiri. Simumatsokomola bwino kuti muchotse mamina m'mapapu anu. Izi zingayambitse kuti njira zanu zopumira zitsekeke ndikuletsa mpweya kufika m'malo olumikizirana mafupa. Apa ndi pamene atelectasis yobwezeretsanso madzi imachitika.

Kodi zifukwa zina ndi ziti?

Pali zifukwa zina zingapo kupatula opaleshoni.

• Kutsekeka kwa mucus: Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mwa ana aang'ono, anthu omwe ali ndi cystic fibrosis, komanso panthawi ya matenda oopsa a mphumu.
• Chopumira: Zinthu zazing'ono , makamaka ana aang'ono, zimatha kumezedwa mwangozi, monga zidutswa zazing'ono za zoseweretsa kapena chakudya. Izi zimatha kukhala m'njira zopumira mpweya ndikutseka mapapo.
• Kuchulukana kwa madzi m'mapapo (pleural effusion): Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena monga matenda a mtima.
• Kuchulukana kwa mpweya kuzungulira mapapo (pneumothorax).
• Zotupa zopanda khansa (zosavulaza).
• Matenda a khansa.
• Kutupa kwa mapapo.
• Matenda oyambitsa: Atelectasis ingayambitsidwenso ndi matenda monga matenda osatha oletsa kupuma (COPD) kapena matenda otupa kupuma (ARDS), komanso matenda opatsirana m'mapapo monga COVID-19 kapena chibayo.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Gawo loyamba pozindikira matenda a atelectasis ndikutenga X-ray pachifuwa . Izi zimatenga chithunzi cha mapapu anu. Ngati kuli kofunikira, dokotala wanu angakupatseninso CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) kuti mupeze zithunzi zambiri.

Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu angafunike kuyang'ana m'mapapo mwanu. Izi zimachitika poika chubu chaching'ono chokhala ndi kamera pakhosi panu. Izi zimatchedwa bronchoscopy . Pa nthawi yoyezetsayi, zotsekeka zilizonse m'njira zanu zopumira zimatha kuchotsedwa.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Atelectasis nthawi zambiri imapezeka.Idzachira popanda chithandizo chapadera, motsogozedwa ndi dokotala.

Mankhwala ena amadalira chomwe chayambitsa kutupa ndi kuopsa kwake. Zingaphatikizepo:

• Masewero olimbitsa thupi opumira kwambiri (`incentive spirometry`): Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchita maseŵero olimbitsa thupi pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chaching'ono.
• Kuchotsa zotsekeka m'mapapo: Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kudzera mu mayeso a bronchoscopy.
• Kuchiza thupi: Izi zimaphatikizapo masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amathandiza kukulitsa mapapo.
• Mankhwala opumira omwe amatsegula njira zopumira (bronchodilators).
• Kuchiza zotupa kapena matenda a m'mapapo osatha.

Kumbukirani kuti dokotala wanu ndiye adzasankha dongosolo lanu la chithandizo, choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu cha atelectasis:

• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni: Imirirani ndikuyenda dokotala wanu akakuuzani kuti muchite, chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chothandizira kupuma.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda enaake omwe amayambitsa vutoli: Pezani chithandizo choyenera cha vutoli. Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu.
• Ngati mukusuta, siyani, kapena musayambe. Kusuta fodya n'koipa kwambiri m'mapapo mwanu.
• Ngati muli ndi ana aang'ono: Musasiye zoseweretsa zazing'ono kapena zakudya pamalo pomwe zingatsamwitsidwe.

Kodi izi ndi nkhani yaikulu?

Matenda a Atelectasis nthawi zambiri si vuto lalikulu . Komabe, nthawi zina, mavuto aakulu amatha kuchitika:

• Mpweya wochepa m'magazi (hypoxemia): Pamene mpweya sungafike m'mapapo chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mapapo, magazi salandira mpweya, ndipo minofu ndi ziwalo sizilandira mpweya.
• Chibayo: Ngati mamina asonkhana m'njira zotsekeka za mpweya, amatha kutenga kachilomboka.
• Kulephera kupuma: Pa milandu yoopsa (monga ngati mapapo onse akhudzidwa), kulephera kupuma kungachitike. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa.

Kodi chiyembekezo chili bwanji?

Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti nthawi zambiri, atelectasis imadzichiritsa yokha (kuchira) ikalandira chithandizo. Anthu ambiri amachira msanga ndipo samakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, munthu amene ali ndi vuto la nthawi yayitali (losatha) angafunike chithandizo china kuti athetse vuto la atelectasis.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji?

Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu mutatha opaleshoni.Komanso, ngati muli ndi matenda enaake omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha atelectasis, yang'anirani bwino.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni posachedwapa, muli ndi vuto linalake lachipatala, mukuyamba zizindikiro zatsopano, kapena mukuda nkhawa ndi zizindikiro zilizonse, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Mapapu athu ndi ziwalo zovuta kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri. Ndiwo omwe amachititsa kuti mpweya ulowe, kupatsa mpweya m'magazi, komanso kuti minofu ndi ziwalo zonse m'thupi zizigwira ntchito bwino. Atelectasis ndi pamene gawo limodzi la dongosololi silikugwira ntchito momwe liyenera kukhalira. Kunena kuti "mapapo ogwa" - ngakhale gawo laling'ono - kungakhale koopsa pang'ono. Koma, mwamwayi, nthawi zambiri, atelectasis si vuto lalikulu mokwanira kuti liwopseze moyo.

Kuti mumvetse bwino: mfundo zofunika

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Atelectasis ndi kugwa kwa matumba a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapo.
• Choyambitsa chachikulu ndi opaleshoni, koma palinso zifukwa zina, monga kutsekeka kwa mamina, kumeza chinthu, zotupa, ndi matenda a m'mapapo.
• Nthawi zambiri, palibe zizindikiro, koma zinthu monga kuvutika kupuma, kukhosomola, ndi kupweteka pachifuwa zimatha kuchitika.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira kwambiri komanso kupewa kusuta fodya mutachita opaleshoni kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo.
• Vutoli nthawi zambiri limachiritsidwa.
• Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena kusasangalala, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Atelectasis , kugwa kwa mapapo, kuvutika kupuma, matenda a mapapo, mavuto opuma, opaleshoni ya mapapo, chibayo