Kodi inunso muli ndi vuto lopuma? Kodi chifuwa chanu chimamveka cholimba? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi (Bronchoconstriction)!

Kodi nthawi zina mwadzidzidzi mumavutika kupuma? Mumamva ngati wina akukufinya pachifuwa, ngati kuti mukufuna kubanika? Mungamvenso phokoso lochokera m'chifuwa mwanu. Nthawi zina ngati izi, mungamvenso ngati chinachake chakumangika pakhosi panu pamodzi ndi chifuwa pang'ono. Vutoli ndi lomwe tikambirana lero, lotchedwa bronchoconstriction . Ngakhale kuti dzinali lingamveke lachilendo pang'ono, ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chingachitikire anthu ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda monga mphumu. Musadandaule, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane, mwachidule, chabwino?

Kodi bronchoconstriction ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, bronchoconstriction ndi kuchepa mwadzidzidzi kwa njira zazikulu zopumira (zomwe madokotala amati bronchi ) zomwe zimatsogolera ku mapapo athu. Tangoganizirani izi ngati chitoliro chamadzi chatsekedwa mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi aziyenda movutikira. Pali minofu yopyapyala kwambiri kuzungulira njira zathu zopumira. Minofu imeneyi ikalimba mwadzidzidzi, njira yopumira imachepa. Pamenepo ndi pamene timavutika kupuma, ndipo timamva ngati chifuwa chathu chikufinyidwa.

Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, mukakhala ndi vuto la ziwengo ku chinthu china chake, kutanthauza kuti, mukamapuma chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa ziwengo , mwachitsanzo, mukakhala ndi fumbi lambiri, kapena mukakhala ndi mpweya wozizira mwadzidzidzi, nthawi zina ngakhale mukuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi molimbika. Izi zitha kuchitika makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu kapena matenda opuma a nthawi yayitali monga COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease), omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la bronchoconstriction.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika kwa ife? Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti?

Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kulimba kwa minofu yofewa m'njira zathu zopumira (timatcha minofu yosalala iyi, yomwe sitingathe kuilamulira momwe tikufunira, kutanthauza kuti sitingathe kuipangitsa kugwira ntchito momwe tikufunira). Izi zimachitika mwadzidzidzi.

Nthawi zina, pakakhala vuto lalikulu la ziwengo monga anaphylaxis, njira zopumira zimatha kutsekedwa mwadzidzidzi mwanjira imeneyi. Imeneyi ndi nkhani yoopsa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, minofu ya njira zopumira izi nthawi zambiri imatha kuchitapo kanthu pazinthu zina. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa izi?

Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse kutsekeka kwa njira yanu yopumira:

• Matenda a ziwengo: Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la mungu , fumbi la ziweto , fumbi, komanso zakudya zina. Tangoganizani, kwa anthu ena, akamatsuka mabuku akale, fumbi limayamba kukhazikika mwadzidzidzi, sichoncho? Zili choncho.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi: Anthu ena mwadzidzidzi amalephera kupuma akamathamanga, kukwera masitepe, kapena kunyamula zolemera. Timatcha iziZimatchedwa kutsekeka kwa broncho komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Mankhwala: Mwachitsanzo, nthunzi ya chlorine m'madziwe osambira, mafuta onunkhira amphamvu, ndi mankhwala ena oyeretsera m'nyumba angakhudzidwenso.
• Kusintha kwa kutentha: Monga pamene mwadzidzidzi mumachoka pamalo otentha kwambiri kupita ku chipinda chozizira chokhala ndi AC, kapena mukatuluka panja tsiku lozizira.
• Mpweya wozizira komanso wouma: Ichinso ndi chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa njira zopumira.
• Kusuta fodya ndi utsi wa fodya: Izi sizodabwitsa. Kusuta fodya kumawononga kwambiri njira yopumira.
• Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo: Matendawa amatha kuchitika pamene njira yopumira imayambitsidwa ndi zinthu monga chimfine, chimfine, kapena chimfine.
• Mankhwala ena: Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala ena oletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komanso mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga aspirin, amatha kukhudza anthu ena mwanjira imeneyi.

Kuphatikiza apo, matenda opuma kwa nthawi yayitali angayambitse kutupa m'njira zopumira kapena kusintha kosatha m'makoma a njira zopumira (kukonzanso njira zopumira), zomwe zingayambitse kuti njira zopumira zikhale zochepa pakapita nthawi. Izi zingayambitse kupumira mwachangu ngakhale ndi zinthu zazing'ono kwambiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti? Kodi mumadziwa bwanji zoona zake?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la bronchoconstriction, mutha kukumana ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zina zizindikirozi zimatha kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

• Kupuma movutikira: Kulira mluzu kapena phokoso la phokoso pamene mukupuma . Kumamveka ngati mpweya ukuwombedwa kudzera mu chubu chopyapyala. Mungamve nokha izi, kapena dokotala angamve ndi stethoscope.
• Kupuma movutikira: N'kovuta kupuma, kumamveka ngati ukupuma movutikira. Kumamveka ngati kaya ukupuma motani, sikokwanira. Mungamvenso ngati ukugwa kwambiri mukakwera masitepe angapo kapena kuthamanga pang'ono.
• Kutsokomola: Mungakhale ndi chifuwa chouma. Mungathenso kutsokomola ngati kuti chinachake chakumangika pakhosi panu, kapena ngati mukupuma pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina chifuwacho chimakula kwambiri usiku.
• Kulimba kwa chifuwa: Chifuwa chingamveke cholemera, ngati kuti winawake akuchikanikiza ndi lamba, kapena akuchikanikiza kuchokera mkati.

Chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi chingabwere mwadzidzidzi. Kwa anthu ena, chimatha pakangopita mphindi zochepa, pomwe kwa ena, chimatenga maola ambiri.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha izi?

Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake amatha kukhala ndi vuto la bronchoconstriction pafupipafupi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.

• Mphumu:Odwala mphumu ndi omwe amavutika kwambiri ndi izi. Mphumu kwenikweni ndi kutupa kosatha komanso kusamva bwino kwa njira zopumira.
• COPD (Matenda Osatha a M'mapapo Oletsa Kutsekeka): Izi zikuphatikizapo matenda monga emphysema ndi bronchitis yosatha. Awa ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mapapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Ziwengo zoopsa: Mwachitsanzo, vutoli limatha kufalikira mwachangu mwa anthu omwe ali ndi ziwengo zoopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthu monga zakudya kapena kulumidwa ndi tizilombo.

Kodi izi zingakhale zoopsa? Kodi tiyenera kuopa?

Inde, nthawi zina izi zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake si chinthu chopepuka. Ngati njira zopumira zichepa kwambiri, thupi sililandira mpweya womwe limafunikira. Izi zingayambitse matenda oopsa monga hypoxia (kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi) komanso kulephera kupuma . Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri.

Choncho, ngati mukuvutika kupuma, chifuwa chanu chili cholimba kwambiri, mwadzimbidwa kwambiri moti simungathe ngakhale kulankhula, milomo yanu ikusintha kukhala yabuluu, kapena mphumu yanu yakula kwambiri, pitani kuchipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo kapena imbani ambulansi yadzidzidzi ya 1990. Ngati mutalandira chithandizo pa nthawi yake, mutha kupewa vutoli.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi? Kodi amachita mayeso otani?

Pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, madokotala adzazindikira matenda a bronchoconstriction kutengera zizindikiro zanu (monga kupuma movutikira, kupuma movutikira). Komabe, angachite mayeso ena kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa komanso momwe alili ovuta.

• Mayeso a ntchito ya m'mapapo (PFTs): Izi zimayesa momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungathe kuupuma ndi kuutulutsa mu mpweya umodzi, komanso ngati pali chopinga chilichonse m'njira zanu zopumira. Mayeso odziwika kwambiri a izi amatchedwa spirometry.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Kujambula X -ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan kungachitike. Izi zitha kuwona matenda ena kapena mavuto ena a m'mapapo.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi ati? Kodi sangathe kuchiritsidwa?

Musadandaule, pali mankhwala abwino a izi. Chithandizo chomwe mungalandire chidzadalira chomwe chikuyambitsa vuto lanu komanso momwe lilili loopsa. Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala monga:

• Mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutupa ndi kutsegula njira zopumira:
• Mankhwala ochepetsa mpweya m'mapapo: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pomasula minofu ya m'njira zanu zopumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazikulu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kudzera mu inhaler (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti puffer).Mungathe kuzipeza kuchokera ku nebulizer ( makina omwe amapanga utsi). Izi zimabwera m'mitundu iwiri: yogwira ntchito mwachidule komanso yogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.
• Corticosteroids: Izi zimagwira ntchito pochepetsa kutupa m'njira zopumira. Izi zitha kuperekedwa ngati chopumira, kapena nthawi zina ngati piritsi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ndi anthu omwe ali ndi mphumu.
• Mankhwala omwe amaletsa mankhwala m'thupi omwe amayambitsa kutupa: Mankhwala monga antihistamines (mankhwala operekedwa chifukwa cha ziwengo) ndi leukotriene modifiers (komanso mtundu wa mapiritsi omwe amachepetsa kutupa m'njira zopumira).
• Mankhwala othana ndi mphumu: Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni kuti mukhale ndi chopumira chopulumutsa (chopumira cha bronchodilator chogwira ntchito kwakanthawi kochepa) kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwachangu ngati mwadzidzidzi mutagwidwa ndi mphumu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mukuvutika kupuma. Izi zili ngati "chozimitsira moto."
• Chithandizo chadzidzidzi: Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ziwengo (anaphylaxis) , sungani epinephrine auto-injector , monga EpiPen® kapena Auvi-Q® , pafupi ndipo dokotala wanu akuphunzitseni momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito.

Kodi mumatani kuchipatala pakagwa ngozi?

Ngati njira yanu yopumira yatsekedwa kwathunthu ndipo simungathe kupuma nokha, madokotala kuchipatala angafunike kutsegula njira yanu yopumira motere:

• Kulowetsa mpweya m'chubu: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika chubu mu payipi yanu ya mpweya (trachea) ndikukulolani kupuma mochita kupanga, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu chopumira mpweya (chomwe chimatchedwanso kuti makina opumira mpweya ).
• Kuchotsa khosi m'khosi: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupanga dzenje laling'ono kutsogolo kwa khosi kulowa mu payipi ya mphepo kuti munthu azitha kupuma mwachindunji. Izi zitha kuchitika kwakanthawi kapena, nthawi zina, kosatha.

Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani mukakhala ndi vutoli?

Ngati muli ndi vuto la kupuma kosatha monga mphumu lomwe limayambitsa matenda a bronchoconstriction, ndikofunikira kulisamalira bwino. Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera komanso kupewa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli momwe mungathere. Kupanda kutero, vuto lanu lingayambe kukulirakulira pafupipafupi.

Sikuti aliyense amakumana ndi vuto lofanana. Kwa ena, vuto likhoza kukhala losachitika kawirikawiri kapena losavuta kulithetsa. Kwa ena, likhoza kukhala lofala, nthawi zina loopsa. Choncho, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vuto lanu ndi momwe mukufunira kulithetsera, ndipo pangani dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe lingagwire ntchito kwa inu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuwona dokotala:

• Ngati nthawi zambiri mumamva kupweteka kwa broncho, ndiko kuti, kupuma movutikira komanso kulimba pachifuwa.
• Ngati mankhwala omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito panopa sakuoneka kuti akukulamulirani bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala anu ophera tizilombo pafupipafupi.
• Ngati zizindikiro zikuoneka zoipitsitsa kuposa kale.
• Ngati vutoli likupangitsani kukhala kovuta kuchita ntchito zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Dokotalayo akhoza kuwunikanso momwe matenda anu alili, kusintha dongosolo lanu la chithandizo ngati pakufunika kutero, ndikuthandizira kupewa kuti matendawa asakule kwambiri.

Kodi ndi liti pamene tiyenera kuchita mantha ndikupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo (ETU) ?

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi zizindikirozi, imbani 911 nthawi yomweyo, kapena pitani kuchipatala chapafupi mwamsanga. Izi zitha kukhala vuto lalikulu!

• Ngati mukuvutika kupuma kwambiri (moti simungathe kulankhula kapena kuyenda).
• Ngati mphumu yanu ndi yoopsa ndipo mukugwiritsabe ntchito inhaler yanu yopulumutsa,
• Ngati pakhosi panu, nkhope, pakamwa, milomo, kapena lilime lanu latupa mwadzidzidzi (izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha vuto lalikulu la ziwengo).
• Ngati mwadzidzidzi mukumva kuthamanga kwa magazi kutsika, chizungulire, kapena kuzizira.
• Ngati khungu, milomo, kapena misomali yasanduka yabuluu (timatcha izi kuti cyanosis , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mulibe mpweya wokwanira m'magazi).
• Ngati mwataya chidziwitso, kapena ngati chidziwitso chanu chasokonekera.

Kodi ndi mafunso otani ofunika kufunsa dokotala?

Kufunsa mafunso otere kungakhale kothandiza kwambiri mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu, chifukwa ndikofunikira kudziwa bwino za matenda anu.

• Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a bronchoconstriction?
• Kodi ndingapewe bwanji zinthu zimenezo momwe ndingathere?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani poyamba kunyumba ngati ndayamba kuvulala kapena mphumu? Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito bwanji inhaler yanga yopulumutsa odwala moyenera?
• Ndi mankhwala ati omwe ndiyenera kumwa tsiku lililonse? Kodi ndimamwa bwanji mankhwalawo?
• Kodi ndingachite chiyani china kuti vutoli lisakule kwambiri kapena kuti lisadwale ndi mphumu? (monga zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi zina zotero)
• Ndi zizindikiro ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuziganizira kwambiri? Kodi ndiyenera kupitanso liti kwa dokotala?

Kodi pali chilichonse chomwe tingachite kuti tipewe izi?

Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupeweratu zimenezi, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chotenga matenda a bronchoconstriction komanso kuwonjezereka kwake pafupipafupi.

• Kuchiza chifukwa: Ngati muli ndi vuto monga mphumu kapena COPD, ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera.
• Kupewa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa: Tengani nthawi kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Mungafunike kulemba zizindikiro zanu, zomwe mumadya, ndi komwe mukupita. Izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Kenako, pewani zinthu zimenezo momwe mungathere. Mwachitsanzo, pewani fumbi, pewani malo omwe anthu amasuta fodya, ndipo pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta onunkhira omwe si abwino kwa inu.
• Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala monga mwalangizidwira: Onetsetsani kuti mwapita kwa dokotala pa masiku omwe mwakonzekera ndipo mwamwa mankhwala anu monga mwalangizidwira.

Zinthu zina zomwe ndikuganiza kuti ndizofunikira kwa inu (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kulimba pachifuwa. Kumamveka ngati simungathe kupuma. Pali phokoso lopuma. Ngati muli ndi vuto la kupuma monga mphumu kapena COPD, mukudziwa momwe kutsekeka kwa broncho kungakhalire koopsa komanso kosasangalatsa.

Koma, musachite mantha. Ili ndi vuto lomwe lingathe kuthetsedwa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa bwino vuto lanu ndikugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti mupange dongosolo labwino la chithandizo. Kenako, mudzadziwa pasadakhale zomwe mungachite ngati vutoli litakula kwambiri. Musaiwale kukhala ndi chopumira chanu chopulumutsa anthu nthawi zonse.

Ndikofunikanso kuuza achibale anu, mabwenzi apamtima, ndi ogwira nawo ntchito za zizindikiro za bronchoconstriction ndi momwe angakuthandizireni ngati zitachitika (monga kupereka inhaler yanu, kuyimbira ambulansi pakagwa ngozi). Izi zidzawathandiza kupeza thandizo lomwe amafunikira mwachangu pakagwa ngozi.

Kumbukirani, ndi chithandizo chachangu komanso choyenera, chidziwitso, komanso thanzi labwino, mutha kuwongolera vutoli ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino!

Kutsekeka kwa bronchi, kupuma movutikira, mphumu, COPD, kutsekeka pachifuwa, chifuwa, matenda opuma