Chordoma: Tiyeni tiphunzire za khansa yosowa iyi yomwe imayamba m'khosi mwa msana.

Kodi mudamvapo za dzina lakuti 'Chordoma'? Mwina ayi. Chifukwa ndi vuto losowa kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti, vuto loipa lomwe silimaoneka kawirikawiri. Chotupa cha khansa ichi chimakula m'malo awiri ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Chimodzi ndi msana wathu, ndipo china ndi maziko a chigaza chathu. Ndikoyenera kumva mantha pang'ono mawu akuti khansa akatchulidwa pamalo otere. Koma musadandaule. Tidzakambirana chilichonse m'njira yosavuta, yomveka bwino, komanso yomveka bwino kwa inu.

Mwachidule, kodi Chordoma ndi chiyani?

Chordoma ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'mafupa athu. Kunena zoona, ndi ya gulu la khansa lotchedwa sarcomas. Ndi khansa yomwe ikukula pang'onopang'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ikhoza kukhala yopanda zizindikiro kwa nthawi yayitali.

Khansa iyi ikhoza kupezeka kulikonse mu msana, koma pali malo atatu ofala kwambiri:

• Malo otsika kwambiri a msana (Sacrum): Pafupifupi 35% ya ma chordomas onse amakula m'derali.
• Maziko a chigaza: Ena 35% a milandu amapezeka pano. Fupa panthawiyi limatchedwa 'clivus'. Mtundu uwu umatchedwanso 'clival chordomas'.
• Mafupa ena a msana: 30% yotsalayo imapezeka m'mbali zina za msana. Amapezeka kwambiri m'chiuno chachiwiri cha khosi, kutsatiridwa ndi chiuno ndi chifuwa.

Vuto lalikulu ndi khansa iyi ndilakuti, ngakhale imakula pang'onopang'ono, imalowa m'malo ofunikira a mitsempha yozungulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kuwononga madera ovuta kwambiri monga ubongo ndi msana.

Chinanso n’chakuti nthawi zambiri imabwereranso ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo. Nthawi zambiri imabwereranso pamalo omwewo monga kale. Komanso, pafupifupi 30% - 40% ya milandu, khansa iyi imatha kufalikira (kufalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Ngati itafalikira, nthawi zambiri imafalikira ku:

• Ku mapapo
• Kumaselo ozungulira a lymph
• Kwa mafupa ena
• Ku chiwindi
• Ku khungu

Kodi pali mitundu ya Chordoma?

Inde, bungwe la World Health Organization (WHO) lapeza mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya khansa iyi. Magulu amenewa amachokera ku momwe maselo a khansa amaonekera pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu (histology). Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa? Kodi ndi ofala bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti chondroma imatha kufalikira pa msinkhu uliwonse, imapezeka kwambiri mwa akuluakulu azaka zapakati pa 50 ndi 80. Ana ambiri, pafupifupi 5%, amadwala matendawa. Komanso, amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza matendawa nthawi 1.5 kuposa akazi.

Izi n’zosowa kwambiri moti munthu m’modzi yekha pa anthu miliyoni (100,000) m’dziko muno ndi amene amadwala matendawa chaka chilichonse . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale m’dziko ngati lathu lino, anthu ochepa okha ndi omwe amadwala matendawa chaka chilichonse.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Pamene chordoma ikukula, imaika mphamvu pa ubongo wozungulira kapena msana. Kupanikizika kumeneku kumayambitsa zizindikiro. Komanso, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi komwe chotupacho chili.

Tiyeni tiwone mu tebulo ili m'munsimu momwe zizindikiro zimasiyanirana kutengera malo a chotupacho.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa yamtunduwu imayamba? Kodi chifukwa chake n’chiyani?

Ofufuza akadali osadziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, koma amakhulupirira kuti kusintha kwa majini otchedwa TBXT kumakhudzidwa.

Taganizirani izi, mwana akayamba kukula m'mimba mwa mayi ake, msana usanayambe kukula, chigoba chaching'ono chotchedwa notochord chimapangidwa. Ichi ndi chomwe chimadzakula pambuyo pake kukhala msana. Nthawi zambiri, notochord iyi imatha kwathunthu mwana akakwanitsa masabata 8.

Koma nthawi zambiri, maselo ena amatha kukhala pansi pa chigaza kapena m'mafupa a msana. Amakhulupirira kuti pambuyo pake, ngati pakhala kusintha kwa jini ya TBXT yomwe tidakambirana, maselo otsalawa angayambe kukula mosalamulirika ndikukhala khansa ya chondroma.

Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a majini otchedwa tuberous sclerosis ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chordoma.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa? (Kuzindikira)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, choyamba muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wanu. Dokotalayo adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri yanu yachipatala. Kenako, adzakuyezani thupi lanu komanso adzakuyezani ubongo.

Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi chotupa cha khansa, dokotala adzakutumizani kuti mukayesedwe.

• X-ray
• Kujambula kwa Computed Tomography (CT)
• Kujambula kwa Magnetic Resonance (MRI)

Mukamaliza mayesowa, mwina mudzatumizidwa kwa dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wa khansa ya mafupa. Mayeso ena angafunike kuti atsimikizire matendawa ndikuwona ngati afalikira mbali zina za thupi.

Njira yokhayo yodziwira 100% za matendawa ndikuchita biopsy , yomwe imafuna kutenga chitsanzo chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu kuchokera pa chotupacho pogwiritsa ntchito singano yaying'ono ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu.

Kodi imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo chachikulu komanso chabwino kwambiri cha chordoma ndi opaleshoni. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kwa wodwalayo zimapezeka pochotsa chotupa cha khansa chochuluka momwe zingathere (en bloc resection).

Komabe, izi sizophweka monga momwe zikuonekera chifukwa, monga tafotokozera kale, zotupazi zimapangidwa pafupi ndi ziwalo zofunika kwambiri komanso mitsempha.

• Zotupa pansi pa chigaza: Izi n'zovuta kwambiri kuzichotsa kwathunthu chifukwa zili pafupi ndi ubongo, mitsempha yofunika, ndi mitsempha yamagazi.
• Ziphuphu za msana: Izi zimatha kulowa m'mitsempha ya msana, mitsempha, ndi mitsempha ikuluikulu yamagazi. Ngati izi zawonongeka panthawi ya opaleshoni, chilema chosatha kapena imfa ingachitike.

Chifukwa chake, madokotala a mitsempha amayesa kuchotsa chotupacho momwe angathere popanda kuvulaza wodwalayo.

Khansa ya Chordoma nthawi zambiri siigwira bwino ntchito ikalandira chithandizo cha radiation ndi chemotherapy, choncho izi sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ngati mankhwala oyamba. Komabe, chithandizo cha radiation chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti chiwononge maselo otsala a khansa ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo choti khansa ibwererenso.

Ofufuza pakali pano akufufuza njira zamakono monga chithandizo cholunjika ndi chithandizo cha chitetezo chamthupi.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha matendawa ndi chiyani?

"Kulosera" ndi kulosera za kuthekera kochira ndi kupulumuka ku matenda. Pankhani ya chondroma, izi zimadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Malo omwe chotupacho chinali ndi kuchuluka kwa chotupacho chomwe chinachotsedwa panthawi ya opaleshoni: Ngati chotupacho chinachotsedwa kwathunthu, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino.
• Kaya khansa yafalikira (yafalikira):Ngati yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali m'thupi, kuchuluka kwa moyo kumachepa.
• Zaka zodziwira matendawa: Zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zochepa pang'ono mwa anthu opitirira zaka 60.
• Mtundu wa khansa: Mitundu ya khansa yachizolowezi imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kuposa mitundu yankhanza monga "Dedifferentiated" yomwe tidakambirana.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwa odwala chordoma ndi motere:

• Patatha zaka 3: 80.5%
• Patatha zaka 5: 68.4%
• Patatha zaka 10: 39.2%

Kodi matendawa angapewedwe? Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Palibe chomwe tingachite kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa chondroma. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika mwachisawawa. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi chondroma kapena tuberous sclerosis, ndikofunikira kuti mupite kukayezetsa kuchipatala nthawi zonse.

Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira chithandizo kwa nthawi yayitali mutalandira chithandizo. Chondroma ndi khansa yomwe imatha kubwereranso ngakhale patatha zaka zambiri mutalandira chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupita kukayezetsa nthawi zonse monga momwe gulu lanu lachipatala limalangizira.

Ngati muyamba zizindikiro zatsopano kapena ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndizachibadwa kuchita mantha komanso kutopa kwambiri mukadziwa za khansa yosowa chonchi. Koma kumbukirani kuti gulu lanu lachipatala lidzagwira ntchito nanu kuti lipange dongosolo labwino kwambiri la chithandizo kwa inu ndikuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti moyo wanu ukhale wabwino.