Mwina mwawonapo pa TV kapena mufilimu, pamene wina mwadzidzidzi wataya chikumbumtima ndikugwa pansi, madokotala kapena anamwino amathamanga ndi kuika zida ziwiri zofanana ndi chitsulo pachifuwa chawo, kufuula kuti "Chotsani!" ndikuwapatsa mphamvu yamagetsi. Ndicho chimene timachitcha defibrillator. Koma si makina okha omwe amapereka mphamvu. Cholinga chake ndi kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu amene ali pafupi kufa. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri ichi m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.
Mwachidule, kodi defibrillator ndi chiyani?
Taganizirani mtima wathu ngati injini yaying'ono yomwe imagwira ntchito mu kayimbidwe kena. Uli ndi njira yamagetsi yolumikizirana ndi maginito ake. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha vuto la makina amagetsi awa, mtima umasiya kugunda mu kayimbidwe koyenera ndipo umayamba kugwedezeka. Timatcha izi kuti kayimbidwe ka mtima kosazolowereka, kapena arrhythmia .
Mwa matenda amenewa, pali awiri omwe ndi oopsa kwambiri komanso oopsa kwambiri. Ndi Ventricular Tachycardia (mtima ukapanda kugunda) ndi Ventricular Fibrillation . Mwachidule, m'magawo onse awiri, zipinda zapansi pa mtima (ventricles) sizimapopa bwino, koma zimangogwedezeka. Izi zitha kuletsa kwathunthu kupopa magazi kupita ku thupi, makamaka ubongo, ndipo imfa imatha kuchitika mkati mwa mphindi zochepa.
Pamenepo ndi pomwe defibrillator imatithandiza. Chomwe chipangizochi chimachita ndikupereka mphamvu yamagetsi yolamulidwa komanso yamphamvu pamtima, nthawi yomweyo kuletsa ntchito yamagetsi yosakhazikika ndikupatsa mtima mwayi wobwerera ku kayimbidwe kake kachibadwa. Kunena zoona, defibrillator 'imayambiranso' mtima.
Ndani amafunikira defibrillator? Kodi mitundu ya defibrillator ndi iti?
Kawirikawiri, ngati mwadzidzidzi ngati izi zitachitika kuchipatala, madokotala nthawi yomweyo amagwiritsa ntchito defibrillator. Komanso, tsopano m'malo ambiri opezeka anthu ambiri, monga ma eyapoti ndi m'masitolo akuluakulu, pali mtundu wa defibrillator womwe aliyense angagwiritse ntchito. Umatchedwa Automated External Defibrillator (AED) .
Komabe, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda oopsa a arrhythmia. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene adadwalapo matenda a mtima kapena amene ali ndi mtima wofooka. Kwa anthu otere, pali ma defibrillator omwe anganyamule nawo nthawi zonse.
Tiyeni tiwone bwino mitundu iyi.
| Mtundu wa defibrillator | Kufotokozera ndi magwiridwe antchito |
|---|---|
| Chozimitsira Chodzipangira Chakunja Chokha (AED) | Izi ndi zomwe zimapezeka m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri monga ma eyapoti, mabwalo amasewera, ndi m'masitolo akuluakulu. Chipangizochi chapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi aliyense wosaphunzira zachipatala. Zikwangwani ziwirizi zikayikidwa pachifuwa cha wodwalayo, makinawo amafufuza momwe mtima wake umagwirira ntchito ndikusankha ngati angapereke kugunda kwa mtima. Ngati pakufunika kugunda kwa mtima, amapereka malangizo a momwe angachitire. |
| Choyeretsera Moyo Chovekedwa (WCD) | Ichi ndi chipangizo chomwe chimavalidwa pansi pa zovala, ngati jekete. Masensa omwe amakhudza khungu nthawi zonse amawunika kayendedwe ka mtima. Ngati pali vuto loopsa la arrhythmia, chipangizocho chimadzibweretsera kugunda kwa mtima. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni izi ngati chipangizo chakanthawi kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha matenda a mtima koma akuyembekezera kuti chipangizocho chiyikidwe. |
| Chotsukira Mitsempha Chosalowa M'thupi (ICD) | Uwu ndi mtundu wa chipangizo choyeretsera mpweya chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chipangizo chaching'ono ichi chimayikidwa pansi pa khungu la chifuwa panthawi ya opaleshoni yaying'ono. Waya wochokera pamenepo umalumikizidwa ndi mtima. Monga momwe londa limayikidwa mumtima, ICD iyi imayang'anira kayendedwe ka mtima 24/7. Pamene kayendedwe koopsa kachitika, imapereka mphamvu yamagetsi yofunikira kuti mtima ubwerere mwakale. Ngakhale kuti ndi yofanana ndi pacemaker, luso lapadera la ICD ndilakuti imatha kupereka mphamvu yopulumutsa moyo. |
Kodi defibrillator shock imamveka bwanji?
Kugwedezeka ndi chipangizo choyezera kutentha thupi (personal defibrillator), monga ICD, nthawi zina sikupweteka . Koma nthawi zina, kungamveke ngati winawake wakumenya pachifuwa . Komabe, panthawiyo, kupulumutsa moyo ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
Kodi njira zogwiritsira ntchito defibrillator ndi ziti?
Tangoganizani kuti wina mwadzidzidzi wagwa chikomokere m'dera lanu. Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuyimbira foni ku Suwaseriya Ambulance Service ya 1990. Kenako, ngati mwaphunzitsidwa, muyenera kuyamba CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) . Pakadali pano, ngati pali AED pafupi, muyenera kuibweretsa.
Umu ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito defibrillator (makamaka AED):
1. Pitirizani kuchita CPR: Ngati n'kotheka, pitirizani kuchita CPR mpaka defibrillator itakonzeka. Cholinga cha CPR ndi kusunga mpweya wokwanira m'magazi kupita ku ubongo ndi ziwalo zina.
2. Pangani malo ozungulira wodwalayo: Mukapereka chithandizo cha kugwedezeka, onetsetsani kuti palibe amene akukhudza wodwalayo kapena bedi lomwe wodwalayo ali . Apo ayi, akhozanso kuvulala ndi magetsi.
3. Ikani Ma Paddle kapena Ma Paddle pa Chifuwa: Pali ma paddle awiri ofanana ndi sticker kapena ma paddle achitsulo omwe amamangiriridwa ku defibrillator. Izi ziyenera kuyikidwa m'malo awiri enieni pachifuwa cha wodwalayo.
- Chimodzi: pansi pa phewa lamanja.
- China: pansi pa nipple yakumanzere, mopingasa.
- Ma stickers omwe amabwera ndi ma AED ali ndi zithunzi zosonyeza komwe mungapakire ma pad. Ma pad omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala amaikidwa pachifuwa ndi gel yapadera yopaka kuti khungu lisapse.
4. Perekani kudabwitsa:
- Ngati ndi AED, imangosanthula kugunda kwa mtima ndi kunena kuti "Kuopa ndi kukhumudwa." Kenako, imakulangizani kuti mukanikize batani lomwe lili pamenepo.
- Mu chipatala, dokotala amafufuza kamvekedwe ka phokoso pa chowunikira, amasankha kugwedeza, ndikudina mabatani a ma paddle onse awiri nthawi imodzi.
Pambuyo poti munthu wagwidwa ndi mantha, dokotala kapena wothandizira woyamba adzayambiranso CPR kwa mphindi ziwiri . Kenako adzayang'ana ngati kugunda kwa mtima kukuchepa ndipo kugunda kwa mtima kukubwerera mwakale. Ngati pakufunika, adzapatsidwanso mantha ena ndipo CPR idzaperekedwa. Nthawi zina, mankhwala monga epinephrine kapena amiodarone amaperekedwanso kuti athandize kuwongolera kugunda kwa mtima.
Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa zake ndi ziti?
Ubwino waukulu komanso wokhawo wa defibrillator ndikuti ungapulumutse moyo . Ngati kugwedezeka kungachitike ndi defibrillator mkati mwa mphindi 10 zoyambirira kuchokera pamene arrhythmias ziwiri zoopsa zomwe ndatchula kale (VT ndi VF) zayamba, mwayi wopulumutsa moyo ndi waukulu kwambiri.
Palinso zoopsa zina. Chiwopsezo chachikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito defibrillator pa kugunda kwa mtima kosazolowereka . Defibrillator iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kokha pa Ventricular Tachycardia (yopanda kugunda kwa mtima) kapena Ventricular Fibrillation. Ngati munthu amene ali ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosiyana ndi kwake agwidwa ndi stroke, izi zingapangitse munthuyo kuyamba Ventricular Fibrillation, zomwe zingayambitse mtima wake kuima.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake zipangizo za AED zimasanthula zokha kayendedwe ka mtima kasanayambe kugwedeza thupi. Ndipo m'zipatala, dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yekha ndi amene amapanga chisankhochi.
Kuchira ndi moyo wamtsogolo
Kuchira pambuyo pa kulephera kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi ndi kufooka kwa minofu ndi ulendo wautali womwe ungatenge miyezi, ngakhale zaka . Si chinthu chomwe chimachira pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri.
- Kusasangalala ndi thupi: Pa nthawi ya CPR, mafupa a pachifuwa (nthiti) amatha kusweka. Ululu umatenga nthawi kuti uchiritsidwe. Pakhoza kukhala kutopa kwambiri, kuvutika kuyenda, komanso mwina khunyu.
- Chithandizo cha ntchito ndi thupi: Anthu ambiri angavutike kubwerera kuntchito ndikuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo monga chithandizo cha ntchito ndi chithandizo cha thupi chikufunika.
- Kukhudzidwa ndi maganizo: Zimatenga nthawi kuti munthu achire m'maganizo mwake atakumana ndi vuto lotere.
Ngati muli ndi ICD, ndikofunikira kupita kwa dokotala nthawi zonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino. Batire la ICD yanu nthawi zambiri limafunika kusinthidwa pafupifupi zaka zisanu zilizonse. Ndikofunikanso kumwa mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani molondola komanso panthawi yake.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Defibrillator ndi chipangizo chamtengo wapatali chomwe chingapulumutse miyoyo mwa kukonza mayendedwe ena a mtima osazolowereka omwe amaika moyo pachiswe (arrhythmias).
- Chomwe chimachita ndi kubweretsa kugwedezeka kwamagetsi pamtima, "kuyambitsanso" njira yamagetsi yomwe yasokonekera ndikupatsa mtima mwayi wobwerera ku kayimbidwe kake kachibadwa.
- Zipangizo za AED zomwe zimapezeka m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aliyense wopanda maphunziro azachipatala potsatira malangizo a mawu.
- Ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha vuto la mtima, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chida chovalira (WCD) kapena chosinthira cardioverter (ICD) chomwe chimayikidwa m'thupi.
- Ngati wina wagwa chikomokere pamaso panu, choyamba kuchita ndikuyimbira ambulansi ya 1990 nthawi yomweyo.
- Kuchira pambuyo pa kulephera kwa mtima mwadzidzidzi komanso chithandizo cha defibrillation ndi ulendo wautali. Kuleza mtima, kutsatira upangiri wa dokotala, komanso chithandizo cha banja ndizofunikira.
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