Kodi mungatani ngati munthu wodwala matenda a shuga wataya mwadzidzidzi chidziwitso ndipo sangathe kudzuka ngakhale mutalankhula naye bwanji? Izi n'zoopsa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chikomokere, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto oopsa kwambiri a matenda a shuga. Kunena zoona, ndi kusazindikira komwe kumapangitsa munthu kugona tulo tofa nato. Izi zimaika moyo pachiswe. Koma ngati mwadziwitsidwa bwino, mutha kupewa izi ndikupulumutsa moyo wa munthu. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero.

Kodi chikomokere cha matenda a shuga ichi n'chiyani?

Mwachidule, ngati munthu wodwala matenda a shuga ali ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi (hyperglycemia) kapena shuga wotsika m'magazi (hypoglycemia) , izi zingakhudze mwachindunji ntchito ya ubongo ndikupangitsa munthu kutaya chikumbumtima. Izi zimatchedwa diabetesic coma. Ili ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limafuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi.

Mtundu uwu wa chikomokere ungayambitsidwe ndi matenda atatu akuluakulu okhudzana ndi matenda a shuga.

1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA): Izi zimachitika pamene ma ketone, mtundu wa asidi, amawonjezeka m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi akhale acid.

2. Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS): Iyi ndi vuto lomwe shuga m'magazi amakwera kwambiri ndipo thupi limasowa madzi okwanira m'thupi.

3. Kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi kwambiri: Apa ndi pamene kuchuluka kwa shuga komwe kumapereka mphamvu ku ubongo kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya ubongo isiye kugwira ntchito.

Tiyeni tiwone zifukwa zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa chikomokere mwatsatanetsatane.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa pang'ono za matenda atatuwa, chifukwa kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda aliwonse msanga kungathandize kuti asapitirire kukhala ndi chikomokere.

1. Matenda a shuga otchedwa ketoacidosis (DKA)

Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a Mtundu 1 , koma nthawi zina amatha kupezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a Mtundu 2.

Ndi zophweka: Homoni ya insulin ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti maselo a thupi lathu alandire shuga (shuga) kuti apeze mphamvu. Mu DKA, thupi limakhalabe ndi insulin yokwanira. Kenako, chifukwa maselo sangathe kulandira shuga, thupi limayamba kuwotcha mafuta ake kuti lipeze mphamvu. Mafuta awa akatenthedwa , ma ketone amapangidwa ngati chinthu china.Mankhwala otchedwa ketones amaunjikana m'magazi. Ma ketones awa ndi mtundu wa asidi. Akaunjikana m'magazi, magazi amakhala acidic. Izi zimatchedwa DKA. Ngati vutoli silichiritsidwa mwachangu, mutha kukhala ndi coma.

Kawirikawiri, DKA ndi vuto lomwe shuga m'magazi amakhala wokwera kuposa 250 mg/dL . Koma kumbukirani, chifukwa chachikulu cha DKA si shuga wochuluka wokha, komanso kusowa kwa insulin komanso kuchuluka kwa ma ketones.

2. Mkhalidwe wa hyperosmolar hyperglycemic (HHS)

Izi zimachitika kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2. Izi zimachitika pamene shuga m'magazi amakwera kwambiri (nthawi zambiri kuposa 600 mg/dL ). Izi zikachitika, thupi limayesetsa kuchotsa shuga wochuluka mu mkodzo. Nthawi yomweyo, madzi ambiri amatayika m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asathenso kutaya madzi m'thupi . Izi zingakhudze ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asadziwe bwino, ndipo ngati sizikuthandizidwa, zingayambitse chikomokere.

3. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (hypoglycemia)

Apa ndi pamene shuga m'magazi amatsika kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pansi pa 40 mg/dL . Izi ndizoopsa kwambiri pa moyo.

Shuga ndiye gwero lalikulu la mphamvu m'matupi athu, makamaka ubongo. Ngati shuga m'magazi mulibe, ubongo umataya mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito. Monga momwe injini ya galimoto imayima mafuta akatha, ubongo ukhoza "kutseka" ndikugwa chikomokere. Vutoli limapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe amamwa jakisoni wa insulin kapena mitundu ina ya mankhwala a shuga (monga sulfonylureas).

Zizindikiro zochenjeza musanapite ku coma

Munthu sagwa mwadzidzidzi mu chikomokere. Thupi lisanayambe, limasonyeza zizindikiro zingapo zochenjeza. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuzindikira zizindikirozi msanga. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda atatuwa padera.

Pambuyo pa zizindikiro izi, ngati munthu wagwa chikomokere, adzaonetsa zizindikiro zitatu zazikulu:

• Kutaya chidziwitso chonse: Monga kugona tulo tofa nato. Sizingadzuke mwanjira iliyonse.
• Maso osayankha: Maso amakhalabe otsekedwa. Palibe yankho akatsegulidwa.
• Kusayenda bwino kwa thupi: Palibe kuyenda bwino kwa manja kapena miyendo. Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe zingayambitse kusintha kwa thupi.

Zinthu zomwe tiyenera kuchita nthawi yomweyo ngati wina wakomoka (chithandizo choyamba)

Tangoganizirani ngati munthu wodwala matenda a shuga m'dera lanu atakomoka chonchi. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite. Izi zingapulumutse moyo.

1. Imbani 1990 nthawi yomweyo: Choyamba muyenera kuyimbira ambulansi. Mukayimba, nenani kuti, "Munthu wodwala matenda a shuga wakomoka."

2. Musapatse munthu chakudya kapena chakumwa chilichonse: Ngati mupatsa munthu amene sakudziwa bwino chakudya kapena chakumwa, chikhoza kukhala m'njira yopumira mpweya ndipo chimakhala choopsa kwambiri.

3. Mutembenuzireni munthuyo kumbali: M'malo momugonetsa cham'mbali, mutembenuzireni munthuyo kumbali imodzi (cham'mbali) kuti mupewe kusanza kapena kutsamwa.

4. Dikirani kuti ambulansi ifike: Tsatirani malangizo operekedwa ndi woyendetsa galimoto wa 1990.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zimachitika? Kodi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi ziti?

Monga tanenera kale, kutaya madzi m'thupi kwambiri, komwe kumachitika mu DKA ndi HHS, kumakhudza ubongo ndipo kumabweretsa chikomokere. Mofananamo, panthawi ya hypoglycemia, ubongo sulandira mphamvu (shuga) yomwe umafunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya ubongo isiye kugwira ntchito ndipo zimapangitsa kuti chikomokere chikhale chonchi.

Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga ali pachiwopsezo, koma zinthu zina zitha kuwonjezera chiopsezochi.

• Mtundu wa shuga: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ali ndi mwayi waukulu woti agone chifukwa cha DKA komanso hypoglycemia yayikulu. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ali ndi mwayi waukulu wogona chifukwa cha HHS.
• Matenda ena: Pa matenda monga malungo ndi matenda opatsirana, zimakhala zovuta kulamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi.
• Opaleshoni kapena ngozi: Kupsinjika maganizo komwe zinthuzi zimaika m'thupi kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
• Mavuto ndi kugwiritsa ntchito insulin: Vutoli lingayambike chifukwa chosowa jakisoni wa insulin, kumwa mlingo wolakwika, kapena kulephera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa pampu ya insulin.
• Kusasamalira matenda a shuga moyenera: kusamwa mankhwala moyenera, kusayang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi zonse.
• Kumwa mowa: Mowa ungapangitse kuti shuga m'magazi achepe kwambiri.
• Kusadziwa za hypoglycemia: Anthu ena sazindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za shuga wotsika m'magazi, monga kugwedezeka ndi thukuta. Angataye mwadzidzidzi chikumbumtima.

Kodi amachita chiyani kuchipatala? (Kuzindikira ndi kulandira chithandizo)

Popeza izi ndi zadzidzidzi zachipatala, chithandizo chonse chimachitikira kuchipatala. Madokotala amatha kuzindikira vutoli mwachangu pofufuza zambiri za wodwalayo komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Amafufuzanso magazi kuti awone ngati ali ndi ma ketones.

Chithandizo chimadalira chomwe chayambitsa chikomokere.

• Ngati chifukwa cha DKA kapena HHS:
• Madzi a m'mitsempha (saline): Saline imaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsempha kuti isawonongeke ndi madzi m'thupi komanso kuti mchere wa m'thupi ukhale wabwino.
• Insulin: Insulin imaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena ngati jakisoni kuti ichepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
• Mankhwala ena: Ngati pali matenda ena omwe amayambitsa vutoli, nawonso adzachiritsidwa.

• Hypoglycemia yayikulu (shuga wotsika m'magazi) imayamba chifukwa cha:
• Jakisoni wa Glucagon: Glucagon ndi mahomoni omwe amathandiza chiwindi chathu kutulutsa shuga mwachangu m'magazi. Angaperekedwe ngati jakisoni kapena ngati mankhwala opopera m'mphuno (ufa wa m'mphuno). Ngakhale mutapereka izi kwa munthu wina kunyumba,Mukuyeneradi kutengeredwa kuchipatala.

Kodi n'zotheka kuchira kwathunthu ku vutoli?

Inde. Ngati munthu wodwala matenda a shuga atalandira chithandizo mwamsanga komanso moyenera, akhoza kuchira kwathunthu. Komabe, nthawi zina, ngati chithandizo chachedwa, chingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kosatha ndipo, nthawi zina, ngakhale imfa.

Kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe munthu amakhala ali mu chikomokere kumadalira momwe amalandira chithandizo mwachangu. Popanda chithandizo, munthu sangadzuke yekha kuchokera mu mkhalidwe umenewu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kupita naye kuchipatala mwachangu momwe zingathere.

Kodi vutoli lingapewedwe bwanji?

Chikomokere ichi nthawi zambiri chimatha kupewedwa . Chofunika kwambiri kuchita ndikuzindikira zizindikiro zoyambirira za DKA, HHS, ndi Hypoglycemia ndikuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga zikaonekera.

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za dongosolo lanu lothandizira matenda a shuga. Fufuzani chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ngati mukukumana ndi zotsatirazi:

Ndizachibadwa kuchita mantha mukamva za mavuto a matenda a shuga. Koma kukhala wodziwa bwino komanso wokonzeka ndiyo njira yabwino yopewera mavutowa. Musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo okhudza kusamalira matenda anu a shuga.