Tangoganizirani kuti mwafunsira ntchito yatsopano, kapena mwachita ngozi ndipo mwapezeka kuchipatala. Nanga bwanji ngati mwadzidzidzi mwauzidwa kuti muyenera "kuyezetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo"? Mungakhale ndi mantha pang'ono, sichoncho? Kodi kuyezetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo n'chiyani kwenikweni? Chifukwa chiyani kumachitika? Kodi mumatanthauzira bwanji zotsatira zake? Mwina simunaganizirepo za izi. Koma ichi ndi chinthu chomwe tonsefe tiyenera kudziwa. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane za izi mosavuta komanso momveka bwino.
Mwachidule, kodi mayeso a mankhwala ndi chiyani?
Kuyezetsa mankhwala ndi mayeso oti mudziwe ngati muli ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka kapena osaloledwa m'thupi lanu. Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha thupi chomwe chatengedwa m'thupi lanu, mwachitsanzo, mkodzo kapena magazi.
Tikamaganiza za "mankhwala osokoneza bongo," nthawi zambiri timaganiza za zinthu zosaloledwa, koma mayesowa amakhudza zinthu zambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, akuphatikizapo:
- Zinthu zovomerezeka - monga mowa ndi fodya.
- Mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja kwa sitolo angagulidwe ku pharmacy popanda mankhwala.
- Mankhwala olembedwa ndi dokotala.
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti mayeso amodzi sangadziwitse nthawi yeniyeni kapena kuchuluka kwa momwe munthu wakhala akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mayeso okhawo sakwanira kusiyanitsa pakati pa munthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo nthawi zina ndi munthu amene amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe timamwa amagawidwa (kusinthidwa) ndi matupi athu pamlingo wosiyana. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mankhwala ena amatha kukhala m'thupi kwa masiku angapo, ena amatha kukhala m'thupi kwa milungu ingapo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yomwe mankhwala amatha kupezeka imasiyana. Mayeso omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa izi ndi kuyesa mankhwala a mkodzo (UDT).
Ndi nthawi ziti pamene pakufunika kuchita mayeso otere?
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe mungafunikire kuyezetsa mankhwala. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
Kuntchito
Ichi ndi chifukwa chofala kwambiri. Mabungwe angapemphe mayesowa pazifukwa zingapo.
- Musanalembe ntchito wantchito watsopano: Izi zitha kukhala zokakamiza, makamaka ngati mukusamukira kudziko lina kapena mukugwira ntchito yokhala ndi udindo waukulu.
- Ali pantchito: Mabungwe ena amachita mayesowa mwachisawawa kapena pa nthawi yake.
- Ngati mukukayikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Ngati kukayikira kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa khalidwe la wantchito, monga kusabwera kuntchito.
- Pambuyo pa ngozi kuntchito: Kudziwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndiko kunayambitsa ngoziyo.
Pazifukwa zachipatala
- Kuzindikira ndi kuchiza: Mayesowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira ndi kuchiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amathandiza kudziwa ngati akuyankha bwino chithandizo, akukhalabe osamwa mowa, kapena akuyambiranso kumwa mankhwala.
- Zadzidzidzi: Ngati munthu wagonekedwa m'chipatala mwadzidzidzi chifukwa chomwa mankhwala mopitirira muyeso kapena poizoni, mayesowa amachitikira ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikirozo.
- Kuyang'anira Mankhwala: Ngati dokotala wakupatsani mankhwala monga opioids, omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha kuledzera, dokotala wanu nthawi zina angapemphe mayesowa kuti aone ngati mukumwa mankhwalawo pa mlingo woyenera komanso ngati mukuwagwiritsa ntchito molakwika.
Pazifukwa zalamulo
- Malamulo a Khoti: Mayeso awa amafunika ndi malamulo a khoti akatumizidwa ku mapulogalamu obwezeretsa kapena panthawi yoyeserera.
- Kufufuza za Upandu: Kusonkhanitsa umboni wa mlandu.
- Kuyendetsa galimoto muli ndi mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo: Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi apolisi.
Mu gawo la masewera
Mayeso awa ndi ofunikira kuti adziwe ngati akatswiri othamanga akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera mphamvu.
Ndi mitundu iti ya mayeso a mankhwala omwe alipo?
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mayeso a mankhwala. Amagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi chitsanzo chomwe chatengedwa poyesa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe akuyesedwa. Tiyeni tiwone izi momveka bwino patebulo.
| Mtundu wa Mayeso | Chitsanzo chogwiritsidwa ntchito | Mfundo zofunika |
|---|---|---|
| Kuyesa kwa Mkodzo | Mkodzo/Mkodzo | Iyi ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri . Imatha kuzindikira zinthu monga mowa, amphetamines , benzodiazepines , opioids , cocaine, ndi chamba (THC) . |
| Kuyesa Magazi | Magazi | Kawirikawiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazidzidzidzi (mu ETU) , imatha kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mowa (ethanol) m'magazi molondola kwambiri. |
| Mayeso a Tsitsi la Follicle | Tsitsi | Chidziwitso chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa nthawi yayitali chingapezeke. Chidziwitso chingapezeke kwa miyezi itatu kuchokera ku tsitsi la pamutu, komanso mpaka miyezi 12 kuchokera ku tsitsi lina lililonse m'thupi. |
| Mayeso a Mpweya | Mpweya (Kupuma) | Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kudziwa ngati mowa wamwedwa posachedwapa . Ndi njira yomwe apolisi amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. |
| Mayeso a Thukuta | Thukuta | Kuvala chopopera chapadera chomwe chimamangiriridwa pakhungu kumasonkhanitsa thukuta. Chimatha kuzindikira ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo agwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyo. |
Kodi mayeso amapeza chiyani ndipo motani?
Mankhwala akalowa m'thupi, chiwindi chathu ndi ziwalo zina zimachiphwanya. Munjira imeneyi, mankhwalawa amasinthidwa kukhala mankhwala ena otchedwa 'metabolites'. Patapita kanthawi, mankhwala awa ndi 'metabolites' awo amatulutsidwa m'thupi, makamaka kudzera mu mkodzo.
Kuyezetsa mankhwala kumafufuza ngati chitsanzo chanu chili ndi mankhwala awa kapena ma metabolites awo.
Kawirikawiri, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala imayesedwa mu chitsanzo chimodzi. Mitundu 5 ikuluikulu yomwe imayesedwa kwambiri poyesa mankhwala osaloledwa ndi iyi:
- Amphetamines
- Cocaine
- Chamba
- PCP
- Opioid
Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zina zambiri zomwe mungayang'ane. Mwachitsanzo:
- Mowa `(Ethanol)`
- Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo
- Ma Barbiturates
- Benzodiazepines
- Fentanyl
- Heroin
- Morphine
- Chikonga
Kodi pali mayeso a mankhwala omwe angachitike kunyumba?
Inde, pali zida zomwe zimakulolani kuyesa mkodzo kunyumba. Pakhoza kukhalanso zida zomwe zimayesa malovu, mpweya, kapena tsitsi pamsika.
Koma kumbukirani, kulondola kwa izi kumatha kusiyana . Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi mayeso a labotale. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mayeso a kunyumba atawonetsa kuti 'Negative' (palibe mankhwala), chitsanzo chomwecho chingakhalebe 'Positive' (mankhwala alipo) ngati atayesedwa mu labu.
Kuphatikiza apo, American Academy of Pediatrics imalangiza makolo kuti asamayese ana awo kunyumba. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti izi sizichepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwa ana, ndipo kutanthauzira molakwika zotsatira zake kungawononge ubale wa kholo ndi mwana.
Kodi mungamvetse bwanji zotsatira za mayeso?
Zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti ndi ``Zabwino`` kapena ``Zoipa``. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kukumbukira mukamasulira izi.
Kumvetsetsa zotsatira zabwino (+)
- Kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV kumatanthauza kuti mankhwala omwe adayesedwa analipo m'thupi pamlingo wodziwika mkati mwa nthawi inayake.
- Izi sizikutanthauza kuti munthuyo wamwa mowa panthawiyo, kapena kuti wayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Zabwino Zabodza: Nthawi zina mankhwala ena kapena zakudya zomwe mumamwa zingayambitse zotsatira zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, kudya mbewu za poppy kungayambitse mayeso abwino a opioid. Mankhwala ena ofala a chimfine angayambitse mayeso abwino a PCP.
- Choncho, ngati mayeso oyamba ali ndi kachilombo, mayeso ena enieni (mayeso otsimikizira) amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire. Ndicho chimene chimabweretsa mapeto omaliza.
Kumvetsetsa Zotsatira Zoyipa (-)
- Kuipa kumatanthauza kuti mankhwala omwe adayesedwa sanadziwike.
- Chifukwa cha izi chingakhale chakuti kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'thupi ndi kochepa kwambiri kuti kudziwike, kapena kuti mankhwalawo adagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe sanadziwike ndi mayesowo.
- Izi sizikutanthauza kuti munthuyo sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo posachedwapa, kapena kuti alibe vuto lokhudzana ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
- Zoyipa Zabodza: Zotsatira zoyipa zitha kuchitikanso chifukwa cha kusonkhanitsa zitsanzo molakwika, kuyesa kubera mayeso (monga kugwiritsa ntchito mkodzo wa wina), kapena mayeso osakhudza mankhwala enieni.
Kuyesa mankhwala kungakhale kovuta pang'ono. Koma kumbukirani, madokotala ndi akuluakulu amafufuza mosamala zotsatira zake. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza njira kapena zotsatira zake, funsani bungwe lomwe linalamula mayesowo kapena dokotala wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuyesa mankhwala ndi mayeso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha mkodzo kapena magazi kuti aone ngati pali mankhwala m'thupi.
- Mayeso amenewa amachitika pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, monga ntchito, zachipatala, ndi zamalamulo.
- Kupeza zotsatira zabwino zokha sikutanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mayeso ena amafunika kuti atsimikizire izi.
- Zotsatira zoyipa sizingakhale zotsimikizika 100% kuti munthu sakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo konse.
- Musanayesedwe, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu kapena mkulu woyenerera za mankhwala onse ndi zowonjezera zomwe mukumwa.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena kukayikira kulikonse pa izi, lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala amene anakupatsani mankhwalawo.
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