Tiyeni tiphunzire kuphika mpunga: Momwe mungaphikire mpunga wopanda arsenic yovulaza

Madhuri, mayi wa ana awiri wazaka 32, anabwera ku chipatala changa m'mawa umenewo ndipo anandifunsa ndi chidwi chachikulu komanso mantha.

"Dr. Priya, nthawi zonse ndimaphikira banja lathu mpunga mu chitofu cha mpunga. Koma posachedwapa ndawona mu nyuzipepala kuti mpunga ukhoza kukhala ndi arsenic, mankhwala omwe amavulaza thupi. Kodi izi ndi zoona, dokotala? Kodi izi zingavulaze ana anga aang'ono? Kodi palibe njira yoti tipewere izi?" Madhuri anafunsa.

Ndinamutonthoza Madhuri ndipo ndinati, "Madhuri, funso limene mwafunsa ndi lofunika kwambiri. Masiku ano, mabanja 95% amaphika mpunga mu chitofu cha mpunga poyesa madzi. Njira yophikirayi popanda kusefa madzi imawonjezera mwayi woti arsenic mu mpunga ilowe m'matupi mwathu. Choncho lero, tiyeni tikambirane za momwe arsenic imalowera mu mpunga, momwe imawonongera matupi athu, komanso momwe tingachotsere arsenic mu mpunga pogwiritsa ntchito njira zasayansi zomwe makolo athu ankagwiritsa ntchito."

Kodi arsenic imachokera kuti mu mpunga?

Arsenic ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe chimapezeka mwachilengedwe pang'ono kwambiri m'nthaka, m'madzi, ndi mumlengalenga. Komabe, arsenic imapezekanso kwambiri m'mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi udzu (mankhwala ophera udzu) ndi feteleza wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muulimi wamakono.

Popeza zomera za mpunga zimayamwa madzi ambiri kuposa zomera zina zikamakula, arsenic yomwe imasungunuka m'nthaka ndi madzi imayamwa mosavuta ndikuyikidwa mu tirigu wa mpunga. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mpunga ndiye gwero lalikulu la zakudya zomwe arsenic imalowa m'thupi la munthu. Arsenic ili makamaka m'mitundu iwiri:
1. Arsenic yachilengedwe: Ndi yopanda poizoni.
2. Arsenic Yopanda Kapangidwe: Iyi ndi mtundu wa arsenic woopsa kwambiri.

🚨 Zizindikiro Zofiira za Poison Wapamwamba wa Arsenic Zomwe Zimafunika Chithandizo Chachipatala Mwachangu

Zizindikiro zoopsa zotsatirazi zingachitike chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa arsenic m'thupi (Arsenic Poisoning), ndipo pankhaniyi, muyenera kufunsa dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba komanso kusanza kosalekeza.
• Kutsegula m'mimba kopanda madzi komwe kumakhala ndi fungo lachilendo, lofanana ndi fungo la adyo.
• Kusanza/kumva kuwawa m'manja ndi m'mapazi.
• Madontho akuda pakhungu omwe saonekera bwino komanso minofu yolimba komanso yopweteka.

Kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa thupi kuchokera ku arsenic

Kuchuluka kwa nthawi yayitali kwa arsenic mu mpunga kungayambitse matenda aakulu:

1. Zotsatirapo pa ana aang'ono:

Ana aang'ono amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi arsenic chifukwa kagayidwe kawo ka thupi kamakhala kofulumira poyerekeza ndi kukula kwa thupi lawo.

• Kuchepa kwa IQ (nzeru): Kukula kwa maselo a ubongo kungasokonezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ana asamaphunzire bwino komanso kuti asamakule bwino.
• Chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Kuwonjezeka kwa chilakolako chodwala pafupipafupi.

2. Zotsatira pa akuluakulu:

• Kuopsa kwa khansa: Kumwa mankhwala a arsenic kwa nthawi yayitali kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya pakhungu , khansa ya m'mapapo, ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo .
• Matenda a mtima ndi matenda a shuga: Amawononga makoma a mitsempha yamagazi, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima, komanso kusokoneza ntchito ya insulin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda a shuga.

Kafukufuku wa sayansi pa njira zophikira mpunga

Asayansi achita mayeso angapo pa kuchuluka kwa arsenic komwe kumachotsedwa pophika mpunga:

• Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Andrea Raab ndi gulu lake: Anasonyeza kuti ngati tigwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero chochepa cha madzi chomwe nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito kuphika mpunga mu chitofu cha mpunga (monga makapu 2.5 a madzi pa chikho chimodzi cha mpunga), arsenic yomwe ili mu mpunga siichotsedwa konse, ndipo imawonjezedwa ku thupi limodzi ndi mpunga.
• Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi M. Azizur Rahman ndi gulu lake: Anapeza kuti powonjezera madzi ambiri pophika mpunga kenako n’kusefa madzi otsala mpunga ukaphikidwa (Draining Method), zopitilira 50% za arsenic yosapangidwa yomwe ili mu mpunga imachotsedwa pamodzi ndi madziwo.

Nzeru za sayansi za makolo athu

Agogo athu ankaphika mpunga pa chitofu powonjezera madzi ambiri mumphika waukulu. Mpunga ukaphikidwa, ankagwiritsa ntchito chotsukira kuti achotse madzi otsala a chimanga (madzi a phala la mpunga).

Ngakhale kuti panthawiyo sankadziwa chifukwa cha sayansi chomwe chinachititsa izi, kafukufuku wamakono wa chemistry watsimikizira kuti njira yabwino komanso yopatsa thanzi yochotsera arsenic mu mpunga inali "njira yosefera phala" yomwe makolo athu ankagwiritsa ntchito.

Njira 5 zoti mutsatire kuti muphike mpunga mosamala

Mukhoza kuchepetsa mosavuta kuchuluka kwa arsenic mu mpunga kunyumba potsatira njira izi:

1. Tsukani mpunga bwino: Musanaphike, tsukani mpunga bwino. Kutsuka kumachotsa pafupifupi 10% ya arsenic yomwe ili kunja kwa mpunga.
2. Mpunga Woviika: Wiritsani mpunga m'madzi kwa maola osachepera 4-8 kapena usiku wonse musanaphike. Kenako thirani madzi ndi kutsukanso.
3. Kuonjezera madzi: Onjezani madzi ochulukirapo kuwirikiza kasanu ndi kamodzi (makapu 6 a madzi pa chikho chimodzi cha mpunga) ndikuphika.
4. Tulutsani madzi ochulukirapo: Mpunga ukaphikidwa, tulutsani madzi ochulukirapo otsala mu chitofu cha mpunga kapena mphika ndikuchotsa kwathunthu.
5. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyera: Ngati mukukhala m'madera omwe arsenic ili ndi madzi ambiri (monga madera a Rajarata), gwiritsani ntchito madzi oyeretsedwa (Fyuluta/RO Water) m'malo mwa madzi a m'chitsime potsuka ndi kuphika mpunga.

Zoyenera kuchita ndi zosayenera kuchita

Magwero asayansi (Maumboni)

• 📚 Zakumwa ndi makapu a makanda ndi ana aang'ono - NHS
• 📚 Arsenic ndi Mpunga: Kumasulira Kafukufuku Kuti Akwaniritse Zosowa za Opereka Chithandizo Chaumoyo - PMC