Kodi mwana wanu akukula mofulumira kwambiri? Tiyeni tiphunzire za gigantism!

Nthawi zina ana athu amakula mofulumira kwambiri, sichoncho? Koma si zachilendo kuti mwadzidzidzi azitha kutalika kwambiri kuposa ana ena, okhala ndi miyendo ikuluikulu. Chifukwa cha izi chikhoza kukhala vuto losowa kwambiri. Lero tikambirana za vuto lotere, lomwe ndi 'Gigantism'.

Kodi 'Gigantism' ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, gigantism ndi vuto losowa kwambiri pomwe mwana kapena wachinyamata amapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo (GH) . Ichi ndichifukwa chake ana awa amakula kwambiri kuposa ena. Nthawi zambiri, mahomoni okulira (GH) awa amapangidwa ndi gland yaying'ono, yofanana ndi nandolo yomwe ili pansi pa ubongo wathu. Imatchedwa pituitary gland. Komabe, ngati chotupa chaching'ono chikayamba mu gland iyi ya pituitary, imatha kupanga mahomoni okulirapo (GH) ambiri kuposa omwe amafunikira. Pamenepo ndi pomwe gigantism imachitika.

Pituitary Gland ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono komwe kali pansi pa ubongo, pansi pa Hypothalamus. Kwenikweni kamatulutsa mahomoni pafupifupi 8. Growth Hormone (GH) ndi imodzi mwa iwo.

Hormone Yokulira, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Human Growth Hormone (hGH), ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ana. Imakhudza ziwalo zambiri za thupi ndipo imathandiza mwana kukula bwino. Komabe, pali mitundu ina ya ma growth plates m'mafupa athu otchedwa Epiphyses/Growth Plates, ndipo akatsekedwa kwathunthu (monga atatha msinkhu), homoni yokulira (GH) siikulitsa kutalika. Chomwe imachita ndikusunga kapangidwe ndi kagayidwe ka mafupa, cartilage, ndi ziwalo zina. Homoni yokulira iyi (GH) imagwirizana kwambiri ndi homoni yotchedwa Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1), yomwe imapangidwa ndi chiwindi chathu. Pamodzi, ziwirizi zimathandiza pakukula ndi kagayidwe kachakudya.

Gigantism ndi vuto limene thupi limapanga mahomoni ochulukirapo (GH), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu, mafupa, ndi minofu yolumikizana zikule mofulumira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti kutalika kosazolowereka komanso kusintha kangapo m'thupi lofewa. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, anthu ena omwe ali ndi gigantism amatha kukula mpaka kutalika kwa mamita awiri.

Choncho, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira matendawa ndikuyamba chithandizo mwamsanga ngati pali vuto la gigantism.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa 'Gigantism' ndi 'Acromegaly' ndi kotani?

Gigantism ndi acromegaly zonse ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okula (GH). Kusiyana kwake kuli pa amene amadwala matendawa. Acromegaly imayamba mwa akuluakulu. Gigantism imayamba mwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe akukulabe, kutanthauza kuti, omwe sanakwanitse msinkhu.

Mwachidule, gigantism imachitika pamene kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okulira (GH) kumawonjezeka mafupa a ana asanatseke (monga momwe amachitira asanathe msinkhu).

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mahomoni anu okula (GH) kukukwera pambuyo poti ma growth plate anu atsekedwa, kungayambitse acromegaly. Simudzakula kwambiri, koma GH yochulukirapo ingakhudze mawonekedwe a mafupa anu, kukula kwa ziwalo zanu, ndi matenda ena.

Gigantism ndi vuto losowa kwambiri kuposa acromegaly.

Ndani amadwala gigantism? Kodi ndi yofala bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti vutoli ndi losowa kwambiri, gigantism imatha kuchitika mwa mwana aliyense amene kukula kwake sikunatseke (kutanthauza kuti sanathe kutha msinkhu). Ndikofala kwambiri mwa anyamata kuposa atsikana.

Matenda a Gigantism ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, milandu pafupifupi 100 yokha ndi yomwe yanenedwa ku United States mpaka pano. Kotero mutha kuganiza momwe zimakhalira zachilendo.

Kodi kukula kwabwinobwino kumachitika bwanji mwa ana? Kodi kusiyana kwake ndi gigantism ndi kotani?

Homoni ya kukula (GH) ndi yomwe imalamulira kukula kwa mwana. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, imalamulira kagayidwe kachakudya pamene imayambitsa kukula koyezeka m'mafupa, minofu, ndi minofu. Kawirikawiri, kukula kumakhala kokhazikika mpaka mwana atafika msinkhu wokhwima.

Pa nthawi ya kutha msinkhu, kutulutsa mahomoni ogonana (estrogen ndi testosterone) kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma epiphyses (ma growth plates) kumapeto kwa mafupa aatali a mwana atseke pang'onopang'ono. Ma epiphyses akatseka kwathunthu, ndiko kuti, akatha msinkhu, kukula kwa msinkhu kumasiya.

Kukula msanga kwa mwana komanso kutalika kwake komaliza kumadalira kuphatikiza kwa majini angapo omwe amalandira kuchokera kwa makolo ake, zinthu zomwe zimachitika m'chilengedwe, komanso kugonana kwake.

Pankhani ya gigantism, mwanayo amakula mofulumira kwambiri, komanso amatalika kwambiri kuposa ana ena a msinkhu womwewo komanso amuna kapena akazi. Komabe, zizindikiro za gigantism poyamba zimatha kuwoneka ngati kukula kwabwinobwino kwa mwana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makolo azivutika kuzindikira.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zokhudza kukula kwa mwana wanu, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wawo.

Kodi zizindikiro za gigantism ndi ziti?

Kuchuluka kwa mahomoni m'thupi (GIGANTIS) kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okula (Growth hormone - GH). Komanso, chotupa mu pituitary gland chingakakamize ubongo ndi minofu ya mitsempha yapafupi, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zina. Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kukula kwambiri kwa thupi (GIGANTIS) ndi kukula kwambiri.Ana omwe ali ndi gigantism amakula msanga kwambiri.

Kuwonjezera pa kukhala wamtali/wokulirapo kuposa msinkhu wa munthu, makhalidwe a thupi omwe amawonedwa mu gigantism ndi awa:

• Pamphumi poonekera kwambiri komanso pakamwa poonekera.
• Kukhala ndi mipata pakati pa mano.
• Kukhuthala kwa mawonekedwe a nkhope.
• Manja ndi mapazi akuluakulu, ndi zala zokhuthala.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingawonekere ndi izi:

• Kukulitsa ziwalo zamkati, makamaka mtima wa mwana.
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri (hyperhidrosis).
• Kuona kawiri kapena kuvutika ndi masomphenya ozungulira.
• Mutu.
• Kupweteka kwa mafupa.
• Kuchedwa kutha msinkhu.
• Kusasamba kosakhazikika.
• Mavuto ogona, mwachitsanzo, kupuma movutikira.
• Kufooka kwa minofu.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala mwamsanga.

Kodi zifukwa za gigantism ndi ziti?

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha chotupa chosaopsa (pituitary adenoma) mu pituitary gland ya mwana. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mahomoni okula (GH) atulutsidwe kwambiri. Ana omwe ali ndi gigantism akapezeka ndi matenda, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pituitary adenoma yayikulu (chotupa cha 10 mm kapena kuposerapo), chotchedwa macroadenoma. Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa pituitary gland, kotchedwa pituitary hyperplasia.

Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi gigantism ali ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa chotupa cha pituitary. Kusintha kwa majini komwe kumafala kwambiri komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi gigantism ndi kusintha kapena kuchotsedwa kwa jini ya AIP. Izi zimakhudza pafupifupi 29% ya anthu omwe ali ndi gigantism.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumathanso kuchitika ngati gawo la matenda osowa kwambiri a majini omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi chotupa cha pituitary chomwe chimatulutsa mahomoni okula (GH). Ena mwa matenda awa ndi awa:

• Carney complex: Iyi ndi matenda a majini omwe amakhudza mtundu wa khungu ndipo amayambitsa zotupa zosavulaza pakhungu, mtima, ndi dongosolo la endocrine. Pafupifupi 10% mpaka 13% ya anthu omwe ali ndi Carney complex amakhala ndi pituitary adenomas yomwe imatulutsa mahomoni otulutsa kukula (GH), omwe nthawi zambiri amakula pang'onopang'ono.
• Matenda a McCune-Albright:Imeneyi ndi matenda a majini omwe amakhudza mafupa, khungu, ndi dongosolo la endocrine. Amayambitsa mawanga a café-au-lait pakhungu, minofu ya zipsera m'mafupa, komanso kutha msinkhu msanga. 20% mpaka 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a McCune-Albright ali ndi mahomoni ochulukirapo (GH). Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa pituitary gland, kapena pituitary adenoma.
• Mitundu yambiri ya Endocrine Neoplasias (MEN) 1 kapena 4: Izi ndi matenda a majini. Pankhaniyi, gland imodzi kapena zingapo za endocrine gland yanu zimakhala zogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, kapena chotupa chimayamba. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo chotupa cha pituitary chomwe chimatulutsa mahomoni okula (GH).
• Neurofibromatosis: Iyi ndi matenda a majini otchedwa neurocutaneous disorders. Izi zimakhudza khungu ndi dongosolo lamanjenje. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kukula kosazolowereka kwa maselo. Izi zingayambitse kupangika kwa zotupa m'thupi lonse. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo chotupa chomwe chimatulutsa mahomoni okulira (GH).
• Matenda a Pituitary Adenomas a m'banja (FIPA): Matendawa ndi obadwa nawo. Amakhudza kukula kwa ma pituitary adenomas. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo ma growth hormone (GH)-secreting adenomas.

Kodi gigantism imapezedwa bwanji?

Matenda a Gigantism amatha kukhala ovuta kuwazindikira chifukwa ndi vuto losowa kwambiri, komanso chifukwa kuchuluka kwa ana kumatha kusiyana kwambiri chifukwa cha majini ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.

Kawirikawiri, madokotala amakayikira kuti mwana ali ndi vuto la gigantism pamene kutalika kwake kuli kosiyana katatu kuposa kutalika kwapakati pa kugonana ndi msinkhu wake, kapena kusiyana kawiri kuposa kutalika kwapakati komwe kumawerengedwa kuchokera kutalika kwa makolo a mwanayo.

Ngati dokotala wa mwana wanu akukayikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi gigantism, mwina adzakutumizirani kwa dokotala wa endocrinologist (dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wa matenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni). Dokotalayo adzafufuza matenda kutengera mbiri yachipatala ya mwana wanu, mbiri yachipatala ya m'banja, kufufuza bwino thupi, komanso mayeso apadera monga kuyezetsa magazi ndi mayeso ojambulira.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira gigantism?

Ngati dokotala wa mwana wanu akuganiza kuti ali ndi gigantism, mayeso otsatirawa angachitike kuti atsimikizire vutoli:

• Kuyezetsa magazi kwa Hormone Yokula ndi IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1): Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni osiyanasiyana m'magazi omwe atengedwa kuchokera m'mitsempha ya mwana. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kokwera kuposa kwachibadwa, kungakhale chizindikiro cha gigantism.
• Mayeso Ololera Shuga: Mayesowa amayesa momwe mahomoni a mwana amayankhira shuga. Pa mayesowa, dokotala amayesa magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha nthawi zosiyanasiyana mwanayo akamwa madzi a shuga.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Ngati mayeso a magazi atsimikizira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi gigantism, dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amalangiza kuti ayesedwe ndi MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kapena CT (Computed Tomography). Izi zimatha kuona bwino kukula ndi malo a chotupa cha pituitary. Zingathandizenso kudziwa chithandizo chenicheni chomwe chikufunika.

Ngati mwana wanu wapezeka ndi matenda a gigantism, dokotala angachite mayeso ena kuti aone ngati vutoli lakhudza ziwalo zina za thupi. Mayesowa angaphatikizepo:

• Echocardiogram yowunikira mavuto a mtima.
• Kuyesa kafukufuku wa kugona kuti muwone ngati muli ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira.
• Kujambula X-ray kapena DEXA/DXA scan kuti muwone thanzi la mafupa anu.

Kodi gigantism imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Zolinga zazikulu zochizira gigantism ndi izi:

• Kuwongolera mosamala kuchuluka kwa 'growth hormone' (GH) ndi 'insulin-like growth factor 1' (IGF1).
• Kusamalira kukula kwa 'chotupa cha pituitary'.
• Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya chotupa cha pituitary pa minofu ya ubongo yapafupi ndi mitsempha ya maso.
• Kuchiza kapena kuchepetsa zotsatira za kukula kwa mahomoni (GH) pa ziwalo zina za thupi.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira matenda a gigantism , ndipo opaleshoni ndi chithandizo cha radiation ndiye njira zazikulu zochizira.

Ngakhale kuti pali mankhwala othandiza pochiza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okula (GH) mwa akuluakulu (acromegaly), zotsatira za mankhwalawa pa ana sizinaphunzire bwino.

Opaleshoni ya Gigantism

Opaleshoni ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yothandizira gigantism. Cholinga chake ndi kuchotsa chotupa cha pituitary kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwake. Popeza chotupa cha pituitary chomwe chimayambitsa gigantism nthawi zambiri chimakhala chachikulu, mwanayo angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni zingapo kuti azitha kuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okula (GH).

Dokotala wa mwana wanu angagwiritse ntchito opaleshoni yotchedwa transsphenoidal surgery kuti achotse chotupa cha pituitary. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchita opaleshoniyo kudzera mu mphuno ya mwana wanu komanso kudzera mu sphenoid sinus (bowo lomwe lili m'chigaza kumbuyo kwa mphuno, pansi pa ubongo).

Chithandizo cha Radiation cha Gigantism

Ngati opaleshoni yalephera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okulira, chithandizo cha radiation chingathandize. Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera kuti ziwongolere kuwala kwa chotupacho. Chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono. Chingafunike chithandizo chamankhwala angapo, ndi nthawi yayitali yopuma pakati. Zingatengenso zaka zingapo kuti muwone zotsatira zonse.

Kodi mavuto a chithandizo ndi otani?

Chifukwa cha opaleshoni ndi/kapena chithandizo cha radiation, pafupifupi 60% ya anthu omwe ali ndi gigantism amakhala ndi vuto lotchedwa hypopituitarism atalandira chithandizo. Izi zimachitika pamene mahomoni amodzi, angapo, kapena onse opangidwa ndi pituitary gland sapangidwa mokwanira. Hypopituitarism imachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala olowa m'malo mwa mahomoni.

Mavuto omwe angachitike chifukwa cha opaleshoni yochotsa chotupa cha pituitary ndi awa:

• Kutuluka magazi.
• Kutuluka kwa madzi m'mitsempha ya ubongo (CSF).
• Matenda a meningitis (malungo a muubongo).
• Kutaya kwa sodium (mchere) ndi madzi m'thupi.

Zotsatirapo zoyipa za chithandizo cha radiation zingaphatikizepo:

• Kusabereka bwino.
• Kutaya masomphenya ndi kuwonongeka kwa ubongo (kawirikawiri).
• Kupangika kwa chotupa patatha zaka zingapo kuchokera pamene chithandizo chachitika (kawirikawiri).

Kodi gigantism ingapewedwe? Kodi chiyembekezo cha matendawa ndi chiyani?

Mwatsoka, palibe chomwe mungachite kuti mupewe gigantism. Komabe, kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira. Chithandizo choyambirira chingathandize kupewa kapena kusintha kusintha komwe kumapangitsa mwana wanu kukhala wamtali kwambiri.

Kuzindikira kwa ana ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi matenda a gigantism kumadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Kodi matendawa adapezeka msanga kapena mochedwa bwanji.
• Kodi mankhwala othandiza bwanji pochiza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni okulira ndi othandiza?
• Kaya pali mavuto okhudzana ndi gigantism.

Kawirikawiri, anthu okalamba omwe amazindikira matendawa amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri kuposa omwe amapezeka ali aang'ono. Izi mwina zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mahomoni okulirapo komanso insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) kwa nthawi yayitali.

Choncho, ngati muwona kusintha kosayembekezereka komanso kosayembekezereka pakukula ndi/kapena mawonekedwe a mwana wanu, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wawo mwachangu momwe mungathere.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi vuto la gigantism amakhala ndi moyo wautali bwanji? Kodi mavuto omwe amakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ati?

Kuzindikira msanga ndi kuchiza gigantism ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe kutalika kwambiri ndi zovuta zake ndikuwonjezera nthawi yoyembekezera moyo.

Ngati sichinachiritsidwe, gigantism imagwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto akuluakulu ndipo chiŵerengero cha imfa chikhoza kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa chachibadwa.

Mavuto a nthawi yayitali omwe anthu ena omwe ali ndi gigantism amakumana nawo chifukwa cha kutalika kwawo kwambiri komanso zotsatira zake zonse zokhala ndi mahomoni okulirapo ndi awa:

• Kuvuta kuyenda (kusuntha) chifukwa cha kufooka kwa minofu.
• Matenda a mafupa (osteoarthritis) (kutupa kwa mafupa).
• Matenda a mitsempha ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja (peripheral neuropathy).
• 'Kulephera Kugona'.
• Matenda a mtima (cardiomegaly) ndi ma valve a mtima.
• Mavuto a kagayidwe kachakudya monga matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2.

Kuphatikiza apo, moyo wa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a gigantism osachiritsidwa ukhoza kuchepetsedwa chifukwa cha mavuto a zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kugula zovala ndi kuyenda chifukwa chokhala aatali kwambiri.

Kodi muyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala wa mwana wanu pankhani ya gigantism?

Ngati mwana wanu wapezeka ndi matenda a gigantism, ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala wake ndi/kapena katswiri wa matenda a endocrinologist nthawi zonse kuti ayang'ane momwe chithandizo chikupitira patsogolo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mahomoni ake ali bwino.

Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse pa kukula kwa mwana wanu komanso/kapena mawonekedwe ake, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu mwachangu momwe mungathere. Ngakhale kuti gigantism siingakhale chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kufufuza kusintha kulikonse kokayikitsa. Gigantism ndi yabwino kuzindikirika msanga, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi gigantism nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza kukula kwa mwana wanu, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu. Alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Gigantism ndi vuto losowa koma lomwe lingakhale lalikulu. Chofunika kwambiri ndikufunsa upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muwona china chake chachilendo kapena chokayikitsa chokhudza kukula kwa mwana wanu, monga kukula msanga kuposa momwe mumayembekezera kapena kukhala ndi miyendo yayikulu.

Kumbukirani, kuzindikira matenda msanga ndi chithandizo kumawonjezera mwayi woti mwana wanu akhale ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wabwinobwino. Musadandaule, madokotala alipo kuti akuthandizeni inu ndi mwana wanu. Lankhulani nawo za nkhawa zilizonse zomwe mungakhale nazo.

` Gigantism, Kukula kwa Hormone, Pituitary Gland, Kukula kwa Ana, Kukwera kwa Kutalika, Acromegaly