Kodi mtima wanu wafooka kwambiri moti sungalamuliridwenso ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena? Nthawi zina njira yokhayo komanso yomaliza yopulumutsira moyo wanu ndikupeza mtima watsopano komanso wathanzi. Timatcha izi kuti kusamutsa mtima. Popeza iyi ndi opaleshoni yovuta kwambiri, anthu ambiri akhoza kukhala ndi mafunso, mantha, komanso chidwi chofuna kudziwa zambiri. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana chilichonse kuyambira pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi kuyika mtima m'malo mwa wina n'chiyani? Ndani akufunikira?
Mwachidule, kusamutsa mtima ndi opaleshoni yomwe mtima wanu wofooka umachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi mtima wathanzi kuchokera kwa wopereka wakufa. Iyi ndi njira yomaliza yochiritsira kuti mupulumutse moyo wanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima lomwe silingathe kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo china chilichonse.
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima ukhale wofooka kwambiri mpaka kufika pa siteji iyi. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimafuna kuti mtima ulowedwe ndi:
- Matenda a mtima: Izi zikutanthauza matenda aliwonse omwe amawononga minofu ya mtima. Amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda opatsirana komanso majini. Nthawi zina, ngakhale atayesedwa kangati, chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa sichingapezeke.
- Matenda a Mitsempha ya Mtima: Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima (mitsempha ya mtima). Izi zingayambitse matenda a mtima komanso kuwonongeka kosatha kwa mtima.
- Matenda a Mtima Obadwa Nawo: Izi zikutanthauza zolakwika mu kapangidwe ka mtima zomwe zimapezeka pobadwa. Mitundu ina yoopsa ya matenda a mtima obadwa nawo ingafunike kuikidwa mtima wina.
- Matenda a Mtima a Valvular: Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma valve mumtima.
Opaleshoni iyi nthawi zambiri imatha kuchitidwa kwa ana komanso anthu azaka zosakwana 70, ndipo nthawi zina zapadera, mpaka 75.
Kodi opaleshoni imeneyi ndi yofala bwanji? N’chifukwa chiyani si yofala kwambiri?
Kuika mtima ndi chimodzi mwa opaleshoni zachilendo kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimachititsa zimenezi.
1. Kusowa kwa mitima ya wopereka: Kuti mtima uikidwe m'malo ena, wina ayenera kuupereka. Pali ochepa kwambiri opereka oterowo. Komanso, payenera kukhala mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa wopereka ndi wolandira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mitundu yonse ya magazi iyenera kufanana, ndipo kukula kwa thupi kuyenera kukhala kofanana. Ngati kufanana kumeneku sikwangwiro, chitetezo cha mthupi cha wolandirayo chingathe kukana mtima watsopano.
2. Kuvuta kwa opaleshoni:Opaleshoni iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo imafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso ukatswiri. Chifukwa chake, zipatala zokha zomwe zili ndi zipangizo zapadera komanso zokonzeka bwino ndi zomwe zingachite opaleshoniyi.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani musanachite opaleshoni? Tiyeni tidziwe bwino njira izi
Mukasankha kuikidwa mtima, simudzafunika kuchita opaleshoni nthawi yomweyo. Pali njira zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa pasadakhale.
1. Kutumiza ku pulogalamu yoti muyike munthu wina: Dokotala amene akukuthandizani adzakutumizani ku chipatala chapadera chomwe chili ndi pulogalamu yoti muyike munthu wina.
2. Kufufuza ngati ndinu woyenera opaleshoni: Kenako, tidzaona momwe thupi lanu lingapirire opaleshoni yaikulu yotereyi komanso ngati mungapeze zotsatira zabwino mutachita opaleshoniyo.
3. Mndandanda wa odikira: Ngati mwatsimikiza kuti ndinu woyenera opaleshoni, dzina lanu lidzaikidwa pamndandanda wa odikira.
4. Chithandizo mpaka mutapeza mtima woti mulowetsedwe: Mpaka mutapeza mtima woyenera, mankhwala osiyanasiyana amaperekedwa kuti vuto lanu likhale lolimba.
Tiyeni tiwone gawo ili mwatsatanetsatane.
Kufufuza ngati ndinu woyenera opaleshoni (Kuwunika Kusamutsa Thupi)
Iyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri. Popeza pali mitima yochepa ya opereka, chiwalo chamtengo wapatali chimenecho chimaikidwa kwa munthu amene ali ndi mwayi wabwino wopindula ndi opaleshoniyi, zomwe zikutanthauza kukhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wabwino. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyang'ana mbali iliyonse ya thanzi lanu la thupi, maganizo, komanso chikhalidwe.
| Mtundu wa mayeso | Mukuyang'ana chiyani? |
|---|---|
| Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo | Adzayang'ana kuchuluka kwa magazi anu, kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira a magazi ndi ma platelet, momwe chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimagwirira ntchito, momwe impso zanu zimagwirira ntchito, komanso ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mowa, ndudu, kapena mankhwala ena. Zonsezi ziyenera kupewedwa kotheratu musanachite opaleshoni. |
| Mayeso Ojambula | Mayeso monga X-ray, CT scans, MRI scans, ndi Echocardiograms amafufuza mkati mwa thupi ndi kapangidwe ka mtima. |
| Mayeso a ntchito ya mtima | Mayeso monga ECG, Exercise Stress Test, ndi Heart Catheterization amawunika momwe mtima, njira yopumira, ndi kayendedwe ka magazi zikuyendera. |
| Mayeso a matenda enaake | Mudzayezedwa matenda opatsirana monga chifuwa chachikulu, HIV, Hepatitis B, ndi Hepatitis C. Muyenera kuti mwalandira katemera wonse wofunikira musanachite opaleshoni. |
| Kuwunika zamaganizo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu | Kuthana ndi mavuto a moyo pambuyo pa opaleshoni iyi kungakhale kovuta m'maganizo. Chifukwa chake, gulu lachipatala lidzakambirananso za thanzi lanu la maganizo ndi chithandizo chomwe muli nacho. |
Kulowa pa Mndandanda Woyembekezera
Mayeso onsewa akatsimikizira kuti ndinu woyenera opaleshoni, mudzaikidwa pamndandanda woyembekezera. Anthu omwe ali pamndandandawu amalandira mitima motsatira zomwe akufuna. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nthawi yomwe mumalandira mtima imadalira momwe mtima ukufunira mwachangu .
Chithandizo cha Mlatho
Mungafunike kudikira miyezi ingapo, ngakhale zaka, kuti mupeze mtima woyenera. Panthawiyi, mudzalandira chithandizo chosiyanasiyana chothandizira mtima wanu wofooka komanso kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu.
- Mankhwala: Mankhwala osiyanasiyana amaperekedwa kuti afulumizitse kugunda kwa mtima komanso kuthandiza mtima kupopa.
- Zipangizo zamakina: Nthawi zina zipangizo zapadera zomwe zimathandiza pampu ya mtima zimafunika kumangiriridwa ku thupi. Chitsanzo ndi ``pampu ya baluni ya intra-aortic''.
- Chipangizo Chothandizira Kumanzere kwa Mitsempha ya M'magazi (LVAD): Ngati mtima uli wofooka kwambiri ndipo sungathe kupopera magazi okwanira m'thupi, chipangizochi chimayikidwa mumtima mwa opaleshoni. Izi zimathandiza mtima kupopera magazi.
Momwe opaleshoni imachitikira sitepe ndi sitepe
Mukangomva kuti mwalandira mtima wofanana, mudzakonzeka nthawi yomweyo opaleshoni. Iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yomwe imatenga maola ambiri.
1. Mankhwala Oletsa Kugona: Choyamba, mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa kugona kuti mugone mokwanira.
2. Kulumikizana ndi makina opumira mpweya: Mukagona, chubu chidzayikidwa pakhosi panu ndikulumikizidwa ndi makina opumira mpweya (chopumira mpweya). Makinawa adzakupatsani mpweya wopumira panthawi yonse ya opaleshoni.
3. Kulumikiza ku makina a mtima ndi mapapo: KenakoMudzalumikizidwa ndi makina odulira magazi a mtima ndi mapapo. Mwachidule, makinawa amatenga ntchito ya mtima ndi mapapo anu kwakanthawi panthawi ya opaleshoni. Amawonjezera mpweya m'magazi anu, amachotsa mpweya woipa, ndikupopa magazi m'thupi lonse.
4. Kuchotsa mtima wodwala: Madokotala opaleshoni adzatsegula chifuwa chanu, kutseka mitsempha yamagazi yopita kumtima, ndikuchotsa mtima wanu wodwala mosamala.
5. Kuika mtima wathanzi: Kenako, mtima wathanzi woperekedwa umabweretsedwa pamalopo ndikulumikizidwa ku mitsempha yayikulu yamagazi. Kenako, mtima watsopano umapangidwanso kuti ugwirenso. Nthawi zina, umafunikanso kupatsidwa mphamvu yamagetsi pang'ono.
Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani mutachita opaleshoni?
Pambuyo poti opaleshoniyo yatha bwino, mutu watsopano m'moyo wanu umayamba.
- Kuchira kuchipatala: Muyenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa milungu ingapo kapena itatu. Masiku oyamba mudzakhala m'chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU) , komwe mudzayang'aniridwa maola 24 patsiku, makamaka ngati thupi lanu likukana mtima watsopano.
- Ndondomeko yosamalira kunyumba: Musanachoke kuchipatala, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani ndondomeko yosamalira kunyumba yomwe idzaphatikizapo chilichonse kuyambira mankhwala mpaka kudya, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mpaka kusamala zizindikiro za matenda kapena kukana.
- Kubwezeretsa Mtima: Mudzapatsidwa pulogalamu yapadera yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi yoyang'aniridwa kuti muwongolere mphamvu zanu, kupirira kwanu, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mtima wanu.
Kuletsa Chitetezo cha Mthupi
Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mukatha opaleshoni ndipo muyenera kuchita moyo wanu wonse .
Taganizirani izi motere: chitetezo cha thupi lanu (chitetezo cha mthupi) chili ngati gulu lankhondo lomwe likuteteza dziko. Gulu lankhondoli limaona mtima watsopano ngati 'mdani' amene walowa m'dzikolo. Choncho gulu lankhondo nthawi yomweyo limayamba kuukira 'mdani' ameneyu. Izi zimatchedwa kukana .
Siyani kukana kumeneku, muyenera kumwa mankhwala apadera (immunosuppressants) omwe amalamulira kapena kuletsa kugwira ntchito kwa chitetezo chamthupi chanu tsiku lililonse kwa moyo wanu wonse .
Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa opaleshoniyi ndi kotani?
Ubwino
Ubwino waukulu ndi wakuti opaleshoniyi ingakupulumutseni moyo wanu pamene palibe njira zina. Ndiyo njira yokhayo yothetsera vutoli pamene njira zina zothandizira sizinagwire ntchito, sizingathandize, kapena zili zoopsa kwambiri. Komanso, anthu ambiri ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wabwino pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
Zoyipa
- Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mitima ya opereka, si aliyense amene angafune mtima amene angapeze umodzi.
- Popeza opaleshoniyi ndi yovuta kwambiri, matupi a odwala ena sangapirire opaleshoniyi.
- Pali zoopsa ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha opaleshoni.
Zoopsa ndi zovuta zokhudzana ndi opaleshoni
Monga opaleshoni ina iliyonse yaikulu, kusamutsa mtima kuli ndi zoopsa. Nazi zazikulu zomwe zili pansipa.
| Chiwopsezo/Kuvuta | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kukana Chiwalo | Chitetezo cha mthupi chikuukira mtima watsopano. Ichi ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu. |
| Matenda | Kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kumachepetsa mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi matenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi matenda osiyanasiyana mosavuta. |
| Kulephera kwa Graft | Kulumikizana pakati pa mtima wobzalidwa ndi thupi kumalephera pazifukwa zina. |
| Matenda a Mitsempha ya Mtima (CAV) | Kukhuthala ndi kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi mumtima wopachikidwa. |
| Mavuto ena | Zinthu monga matenda a impso, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuonda mafupa (osteoporosis), komanso chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa (chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi) zitha kuchitika. |
Kodi zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire? Kodi tsogolo lake lidzakhala lotani?
Zimatenga miyezi ingapo kuti munthu achire bwino. Muyenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa milungu itatu. Koma chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa mankhwala amakono, tsogolo la anthu omwe adasamutsidwa mtima ndi lowala kwambiri.
- Chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka chaka choyamba pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndi choposa 90%.
- Pafupifupi theka la anthu amakhala ndi moyo zaka zoposa 10 .
- Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, tsopano pali anthu omwe amakhala ndi moyo wathanzi kwa zaka 20-30 kapena kuposerapo .
Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumapeza mwayi watsopano wokumbukira zinthu zatsopano zambiri ndi okondedwa anu.
Mafunso okhudza moyo watsiku ndi tsiku pambuyo pa opaleshoni
Kodi zochita zachizolowezi zingayambire liti?
Dokotala wanu angakupatseni upangiri wabwino kwambiri pankhaniyi. Nthawi zambiri, sikoyenera kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kunyamula chilichonse cholemera kuposa 5 kg kwa milungu 6-8. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola.
Kodi ndingathe kumwa mowa?
Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikusiya kumwa mowa kotheratu kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri. Mowa umawonjezera mafuta m'magazi mwanu (triglycerides). Sizabwino kwa mtima wanu watsopano. Muli ndi mwayi wina wathanzi, choncho ndi udindo wanu kusamalira mtimawo bwino.
Kodi ndingapeze katemera?
Inde, mutha kulandira mitundu yambiri ya katemera. Komabe, katemera wina wamoyo sangapatsidwe chifukwa mukumwa mankhwala omwe amaletsa chitetezo chamthupi chanu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu kuti avomereze musanalandire katemera aliyense.
Mukafunika kuonana ndi dokotala kapena kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo
Mukakhala kunyumba mutachita opaleshoni, muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zina. Izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda kapena vuto lina lalikulu.
Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi ya Chipatala (ETU) yapafupi nthawi yomweyo kapena funsani gulu lanu lachipatala.
- Malungo.
- Mafinya kapena madzi ena otuluka pabala la opaleshoni.
- Kufiira kapena kumva kutentha mozungulira bala.
- Kumva ngati fupa lapakati pachifuwa (sternum) likuyenda kapena likuyenda mozungulira.
- Kumva kapena kumva phokoso la 'click' kapena 'click' m'fupa la chifuwa chanu mukamayenda.
Musanyalanyaze zizindikiro izi. Kulandira chithandizo msanga kungalepheretse mavuto akuluakulu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuika mtima wosamutsidwa ndi njira yomaliza yochiritsira matenda a mtima omwe amapulumutsa moyo wa odwala matenda a mtima omwe sangachiritsidwe ndi mankhwala ena.
- Opaleshoni iyi ndi yovuta kwambiri, kotero mudzayang'aniridwa mosamala mwakuthupi ndi m'maganizo musanachite opaleshoni.
- Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, muyenera kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kwa moyo wanu wonse kuti thupi lanu lisakane mtima watsopano.
- Kukhala ndi chithandizo champhamvu cha banja komanso maganizo abwino ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuchira.
- Kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola, kumwa mankhwala anu monga mwalangizidwira, ndi kupita kuzipatala pa nthawi yake ndikofunikira kuti mukhale ndi moyo wautali komanso wathanzi.
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