Zonse Zokhudza Opaleshoni ya Infective Endocarditis

Tangoganizani kuti mwakhala ndi malungo kwa masiku angapo, mukutopa kwambiri, ndipo mukumva kuti mulibe moyo... Nthawi zambiri timaganiza kuti mwina ndi malungo oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo. Koma nthawi zina, kumbuyo kwa zizindikiro zotere, pakhoza kukhala nkhani yoopsa kwambiri yobisika. Ndiko kuti, matenda oopsa omwe amakhudza mtima weniweniwo. Lero, tikambirana za matenda oopsa komanso oopsa monga 'Infective Endocarditis' komanso nthawi yomwe amafunika opaleshoni. Ngakhale kuti nkhaniyi ndi yovuta pang'ono, ndikufotokozerani m'njira yosavuta, kuti mumvetse.

Mwachidule, kodi matenda a Infective Endocarditis ndi chiyani?

Dzina ili likumveka ngati loopsa pang'ono, sichoncho? Koma tiyeni tisunge mosavuta. Magazi athu amayenda m'thupi lathu lonse kudzera m'mitsempha yathu. Nthawi zina majeremusi monga mabakiteriya kapena bowa amatha kulowa m'magazi awa. Nthawi zambiri, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimalimbana nawo ndikuwononga.

Koma nthawi zina majeremusi amenewa, omwe amayenda m'magazi, amafika pa ma valve a mtima, komwe amamatira ndi kuzika mizu, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda akuluakulu. Ndicho chimene timachitcha ``Infective Endocarditis''.

Taganizirani ma valve omwe ali m'mitima mwathu ngati zipata. Ayenera kutsegulidwa ndi kutsekedwa bwino kuti magazi aziyenda mbali imodzi yokha. Valavu yamtima yathanzi ndi yosalala kwambiri, kotero majeremusi sangamamatire mosavuta. Koma ngati valavu yamtima ya munthu ndi yofooka kuyambira kubadwa kapena yawonongeka ndi matenda ena, pamwamba pake pamakhala pouma. Monga khoma lakale. Mabala ouma amenewo amatha kugwira majeremusi m'magazi.

Majeremusi amatha kulowa m'thupi mwathu panthawi yochita opaleshoni ya mano, monga kuchotsa mano, opaleshoni ya mano, ndi endoscopy. Ngakhale izi sizingakhale vuto lalikulu kwa munthu wathanzi, zitha kukhala zoopsa kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la valavu ya mtima.

Kodi vutoli limakhudza bwanji thanzi lanu?

Kachirombo kakalowa mu valavu ya mtima, sikangokhala pamenepo. Majeremusi amagawikana, amachulukana, ndikupanga magulu akuluakulu. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha magulu a tizilombo awa kuti zomera .

'(Zamasamba)' izi zikugwira ntchito yoopsa kwambiri.

1. Kuwonongeka kwa ma valve: Mabakiteriyawa amatulutsa mankhwala, ofanana ndi ma enzyme omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugaya chakudya. Awa ndi amphamvu kwambiri. Amasungunuka pang'onopang'ono ndikudya minofu yofewa ya valavu ya mtima. Kenako valavuyo sitseka bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imayamba kutuluka madzi. Timatcha izi kuti valavu yobwezeretsanso madzi.

2. Kulephera kwa Mtima: Pamene valavu ikutuluka, mtima umayenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuposa masiku onse kuti upompe magazi kupita m'thupi. Zili ngati kupompa madzi kuchokera mu chidebe chotuluka madzi. Mukagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso pakapita nthawi, mtima ukhoza kufooka ndipo pamapeto pake mtima umalephera kugwira ntchito.

3.Magazi amaundana ndi kutsekeka: Nthawi zina, tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda totchedwa zomera timaduka ndikuyenda m'thupi lonse ndi magazi. Tikutcha chidutswa choswekachi kuti embolus. Izi zili ngati chidutswa cha moss chomwe chimatuluka mumtsinje ndikuyandama m'madzi. Ngati magazi amaundanawa aduka ndi kukakamira mu mtsempha wamagazi muubongo, angayambitse sitiroko. Ngati aduka mumtsempha m'mapapo, angayambitse vuto loopsa lotchedwa pulmonary embolism. Komanso, mtsempha wamagazi womwe umapita ku chiwalo m'mimba kapena mkono kapena mwendo ukhoza kutsekeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gawolo lisakhale ndi magazi (ischemia).

Kodi chithandizo chake chimaperekedwa bwanji? Kodi opaleshoni ndiyofunikira?

Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matendawa komanso momwe vutoli lilili loopsa.

• Mankhwala Opha Majeremusi: Ngati matendawa apezeka msanga, nthawi zina matendawa amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi mankhwala amphamvu okha omwe amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kwa milungu ingapo.
• Opaleshoni: Komabe, ngati muli ndi zomera pa valavu yanu ya mtima, ngati valavuyo yawonongeka kwambiri, kapena ngati muli ndi valavu yopangira yomwe idayikidwa kale, maantibayotiki okha sangakhale okwanira. Pazochitika zotere, opaleshoni ingafunike.

Kodi opaleshoniyi iyenera kuchitika nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Nthawi yochitira opaleshoniyi imadalira momwe matenda anu alili oopsa. Odwala ena angafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni mkati mwa masiku ochepa kuchokera pamene matendawo apezeka. Iyi ndi opaleshoni yadzidzidzi. Tiyeni tiwone tebulo ili m'munsimu kuti tiwone nthawi yomwe opaleshoni yadzidzidzi ikufunika.

Kodi pali nthawi zina pamene opaleshoni imachedwa?

Inde, nthawi zina madokotala amasankha kuchedwetsa opaleshoni pang'ono. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa zimenezo.

1. Mavuto okhudzana ndi ubongo: Ngati chidutswa cha kachilomboka chathyoka ndikutseka mtsempha wamagazi muubongo (ischemic stroke) kapena ngati pali kutuluka magazi muubongo (intracranial hemorrhage), ndi chiopsezo kuchita opaleshoni yayikulu yamtima nthawi yomweyo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi omwe amaperekedwa panthawi ya opaleshoni amatha kuwonjezera kutuluka magazi muubongo. Chifukwa chake, opaleshoni imachitika ubongo utangokhazikika.

2. Vutoli si lalikulu kwambiri: Ngati matendawa si aakulu kwambiri ndipo chiopsezo cha mavuto ndi chochepa, dokotala adzakupatsani kaye mankhwala opha maantibayotiki. Kenako, matendawa adzatheratu, ndipo mutha kuchita opaleshoni ndi thupi loyera. Zidzakupatsaninso nthawi yokwanira yokonzekera opaleshoniyo.

Kodi madokotala amasankha bwanji ngati ndikufunika opaleshoni?

Ichi si chisankho chomwe dokotala mmodzi yekha amapanga. Madokotala a mtima ndi madokotala ochita opaleshoni ya mtima amakumana pamodzi ndikupanga chisankhochi motsatira malangizo apadziko lonse lapansi. Amachita mayeso angapo pankhaniyi.

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuti mudziwe mabakiteriya kapena bowa omwe amayambitsa matendawa.
• Echocardiogram:Uku ndi kusanthula mtima. Kumayang'ana ma valve a mtima ndipo kumatha kudziwa ngati pali zomera zilizonse, kukula kwake, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ma valve. Chomwe chachitika pamwamba pa chifuwa chimatchedwa transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Nthawi zina, kuti muwone bwino, transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) imachitidwa kudzera pakamwa.
• Kujambula kwa CT: Kuyeza kumeneku kumathandiza kuona ngati matendawa ayambitsa mavuto m'mbali zina za thupi.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya opaleshoni?

Mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe imachitika imadalira mtundu wa kuwonongeka kwa valavu ya mtima wanu. Dokotala wa opaleshoniyo angachite chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

• Kuchotsa zinyalala: Gawo loyamba ndikutsuka bwino ndikuchotsa minofu yonse yodwala komanso yakufa.
• Kukonza ma valavu: Ngati kuwonongeka sikuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kuyesera kukonza valavu yomwe ilipo kudzachitika.
• Kukonzanso ma valavu: Nthawi zina, gawo la valavu limachotsedwa ndipo chidutswa cha nembanemba yozungulira mtima (pericardium) chimatengedwa ndikuyikidwa m'malo mwake kuti amangenso valavu.
• Kusintha mavavu: Ngati kuwonongeka kwa valavu kuli kwakukulu kwambiri moti sikungathe kukonzedwa, valavuyo imachotsedwa kwathunthu ndipo valavu yopangira imayikidwa m'malo mwake.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa opaleshoni? Kodi pali zoopsa zilizonse?

Monga opaleshoni ina iliyonse yaikulu, opaleshoniyi ili ndi zoopsa zina. Pali zoopsa monga kutuluka magazi, kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika (arrhythmia), magazi kuundana, kufooka, komanso matenda ena a valavu yomwe yangoikidwa kumene. Koma ngati dokotala wasankha kuti mukufunika opaleshoni, zikutanthauza kuti ubwino wochitidwa opaleshoni ndi waukulu kwambiri kuposa kusakhala nayo.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, muyenera kukhala mu chipinda cha odwala odwala kwambiri (ICU) kwa masiku angapo. Kenako mudzasamutsidwira ku chipinda chogona anthu odwala matenda amisala. Muyenera kumwa mankhwala opha maantibayotiki kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'mapiritsi kwa milungu ingapo kuti muchotse majeremusi otsala m'thupi lanu. Muyeneranso kupuma mokwanira mukabwerera kunyumba. Ndizachibadwa kumva kutopa komanso kupweteka. Zingatenge miyezi ingapo kuti muchiritse bwino.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yanji nditachita opaleshoni?

Muyenera kusamalira thupi lanu kwambiri mukapita kunyumba. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira mavuto aliwonse mwachangu momwe mungathere. Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zilizonse pansipa, muyenera kulankhulana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo .