Kodi mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza intubation, yomwe ingakuthandizeni ngati mukuvutika kupuma?

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti tingadzithandize bwanji kupuma ngati mwadzidzidzi tasiya kupuma, kapena ngati tikuchitidwa opaleshoni yaikulu? Pamenepo madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchedwa "Intubation." Ngakhale kuti mawu awa ndi owopsa pang'ono, kwenikweni amathandiza kupulumutsa miyoyo yambiri. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chiri, momwe chimachitikira, komanso chifukwa chake chimachitidwa mosavuta.

Kodi `(Intubation)` imatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, `(Intubation)` (intubation) ndi pamene dokotala amaika chubu chaching'ono mu payipi yanu ya mpweya (`(trachea)`) kudzera pakamwa panu kapena nthawi zina kudzera mu mphuno mwanu. Chubu ichi chimasunga payipi yanu ya mpweya yotseguka, kuti mpweya ulowe mosavuta. Chubu ichi chikhoza kulumikizidwa ku makina. Makinawa amatumiza mpweya kapena mpweya pansi pa kupanikizika m'mapapu mwanu. Timatcha izi `(Mechanical Ventilation)`.

``(Intubation)`` iyi ili ndi mayina ena:

• Kulowetsa mpweya m'chubu
• Kutsegula m'mimba mwa mwana (ETT)
• Kulowetsa m'chubu cha trachea

Maina onsewa ndi ofanana.

N’chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuchita izi `(Intubation)`?

Dokotala angafunike kukulowetsani mu chubu ngati simungathe kupuma bwino chifukwa cha kutsekeka, kutsekeka, kapena kuvulala kwa mpweya wanu wopuma. Tangoganizirani, mwadzidzidzi, mwachita ngozi yayikulu ndipo chifuwa ndi khosi lanu zavulala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupuma. Kapena, ngati mutataya chikumbumtima, simudzatha kulamulira kupuma kwanu. Apa ndiye pamene izi ndizofunikira.

Pali zifukwa zina zingapo zochitira `(Intubation)`:

• Ngati njira yanu yopumira yakhudzidwa ndi kuvulala m'mimba, pachifuwa, kapena pakhosi.
• Kutaya chidziwitso (monga kukomoka) kapena kuchepa kwa chidziwitso. Izi zingapangitse kuti mulephere kulamulira kupuma kwanu.
• Ngati muyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni yaikulu yomwe simungathe kupuma nokha. Nthawi zambiri, tikapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa kupweteka, zimakhala zovuta kuti tizipuma tokha.
• Kulephera kupuma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapapu anu amasiya kugwira ntchito bwino.
• Pali chiopsezo cha zinthu monga chakudya, kusanza, ndi magazi kupumira ndikulowa m'mapapo (Aspiration) .
• Ngati chinachake chatsekeka munjira yolowera mpweya ndikuletsa mpweya kuyenda, chimatchedwa ``Airway obstruction``.
• Kulephera kwa mtima kumachitika pamene mtima umasiya kugwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi.
• Ngati kupuma kwasiya kwakanthawi (Apnea).

Kulowetsa m'mimba kungakhale kofunikira pazifukwa zilizonsezi.

Kodi izi ndizofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, ``(Intubation)`` ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yopulumutsa moyo. Ku United States kokha, njira pafupifupi 15 miliyoni izi zimachitika m'zipinda zochitira opaleshoni chaka chilichonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mazana ambiri a iwo amachitidwa pakagwa ngozi. Kotero mutha kulingalira kuti izi zimachitika kangati. Zimachitidwanso nthawi zonse ku Sri Lanka.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani kwenikweni mukachita Endotracheal Intubation?

Nthawi zambiri, `(Intubation)` iyi imachitikira mchipatala. Komabe, nthawi zina, ogwira ntchito zachipatala zadzidzidzi (`(EMS)`) amachita izi kunja kwa chipatala.

Umu ndi momwe izi zimachitikira nthawi zambiri:

1. Choyamba, singano yaing'ono (IV) imayikidwa mu mtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu ndipo mankhwala oletsa ululu amaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsemphawo kuti akupangitseni kugona komanso kusamva ululu.

2. Kenako chigoba cha okosijeni chidzaikidwa pamphuno ndi pakamwa panu kuti chipereke mpweya wowonjezera m'thupi lanu.

3. Mutu wanu udzatembenuzidwira kumbuyo pang'ono ndipo chipangizo chotchedwa ``laryngoscope'' chidzalowetsedwa mkamwa mwanu (ndipo nthawi zina kudzera m'mphuno ngati pakufunika kutero). ``laryngoscope'' ili ndi chogwirira, kuwala, ndi tsamba losawoneka bwino. Izi zimathandiza dokotala kuona malo oyenera a ``tracheal chubu''.

4. Kenako, ``(laryngoscope)`` imatengedwa kuchokera mkati mwa pakamwa kupita kumbuyo, mosamala kuti isagunde mano.

5. Chigoba cha minofu (epiglottis) chomwe chimapachikidwa kumbuyo kwa pakamwa panu chimakwera mmwamba kuti chiteteze bokosi lanu la mawu (kholino).

6. Nsonga ya `(Laryngoscope)` imadutsa mu `(Larynx)` yanu kupita mu `(Trachea)` yanu (windpipe).

7. Kenako, chipangizo chaching'ono chonga baluni chimadzazidwa mozungulira chubu cha endotracheal. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti chubucho sichikuyenda mu trachea, ndipo mpweya wonse woperekedwa kudzera mu chubucho umapita mwachindunji m'mapapo.

8. Tsopano chotsani `(Laryngoscope)`.

9. Pofuna kuti chubu chopumira chisayende mtsogolo ndi mtsogolo, pulasitala imayikidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za pakamwa kapena chomangira chimayikidwa mozungulira mutu.

10. Pomaliza, X-ray imatengedwa kuti iwonetse ngati chubu chili pamalo oyenera, kapena thumba limagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mpweya mu chubu ndikumvetsera mawu ochokera m'mapapo.

Kodi izi zitenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?

Pakagwa ngozi, dokotala akhoza kuchita izi "(Intubation)" mu mphindi yosakwana imodzi. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chingachitike mwachangu choncho.

Kodi ndingathe kulankhula, kudya, ndi kumwa pamene chubu chili m'malo mwake?

Ayi. Simungathe kulankhula. Chifukwa chubu chopumira ichi chimadutsa m'mitsempha yanu ya mawu. Kotero ngakhale mutayesa kulankhula, palibe phokoso lomwe limatuluka.

Komanso, simungameze chubu chilipo. Choncho simungadye kapena kumwa. Kutengera nthawi yomwe muyenera kukhala motere, madokotala amakupatsirani zakudya zopatsa thanzi m'mimba (zakudya zolimbitsa thupi m'mitsempha) kapena saline (madzi a m'mitsempha). Nthawi zina chubu chopyapyala china chingalowetsedwe kudzera pakamwa kapena mphuno kuti chikupatseni zakudya m'mimba mwanu kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono.

Kodi mumachotsa bwanji chubucho? (Kodi ``(Extubation)`` ndi chiyani?)

Madokotala akangoona kuti ndi bwino kuchotsa chubucho, adzachichotsa. Izi zimatchedwa ``Extubation``. Umu ndi momwe zimachitikira:

• Pulasitiki kapena tepi yomwe inali kugwira chubucho imachotsedwa.
• Chipangizo choyamwa madzi chimachotsa mamina ndi zinyalala zina m'njira zanu zopumira.
• Baluni yodzaza mpweya mkati mwa payipi yatuluka madzi.
• Kenako amakuuzani kuti mupume mpweya wozama ndi kukhosomola kapena kutulutsa mpweya pamene akutulutsa chubucho.

Pakhosi panu (`(Pharynx)`) pakhoza kukhala kupweteka pang'ono kwa masiku angapo pambuyo pa `(Extubation)`. Zingakhalenso zovuta kulankhula. Izi ndi zachilendo, musadandaule.

Kodi ubwino wa intubation ndi wotani?

Kuika m'chubu ndi njira yodziwika bwino, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yotetezeka yomwe ingakuthandizeni kupulumutsa moyo wanu.

Phindu lalikulu la izi ndilakuti zimatha kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu amene akuvutika kupuma. Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza ndi zoopsa zina zazing'ono, ichi ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri.

Kodi mwayi wopulumuka ndi wotani ngati opaleshoni ya intubation ichitika?

Izi zimasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi munthu. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri, monga chifukwa cha kulowetsedwa kwa chubu, zaka zanu, thanzi lanu, ndi zina zotero. Koma kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti anthu pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri mwa khumi omwe amalowetsedwa muchubu m'chipinda chadzidzidzi amapulumuka . Choncho zimenezo zikusonyeza momwe zimapulumutsira moyo.

Kodi zoopsa za intubation ndi ziti?

Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri kulowetsa m'chubu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotetezeka, pali zoopsa zina. Koma kumbukirani, kupulumutsa moyo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa zoopsa izi.

• Kupuma mpweya : Pa nthawi yopumira mpweya, kusanza, magazi, kapena madzi ena amatha kulowa m'mapapo.
• Kulowetsa mpweya m'mapapo: Chubu cholowetsedwa mu payipi ya mphepo (trachea) mu imodzi mwa njira ziwiri zazikulu zopumira (bronchi) zomwe zimachoka pa payipi ya mphepo kupita m'mapapo.
• Kulowetsa m'chubu cha m'mimba: Ngati chubu chopumira chilowa mu chitoliro cha chakudya (m'mimba) m'malo mwa chitoliro cha mphepo (trachea), chingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kapena imfa ngati sichikuthandizidwa mwachangu ndi dokotala.
• Kulephera kulimbitsa njira yolowera mpweya: Ngati njira yolowera mpweya siigwira ntchito bwino, madokotala sangathe kukuthandizani.
• Matenda: Matenda a bakiteriya, monga matenda a sinus, amatha kuyamba pambuyo poika chubu m'mimba.
• Kuvulala: Kulowa m'chubu kungayambitse kuvulala pakamwa, mano, lilime, mawu, kapena njira yopumira. Kuvulala kumeneku kungayambitse kutuluka magazi ndi kutupa.
• Mavuto akamatuluka mu opaleshoni yoletsa kupweteka: Anthu ambiri amachira bwino akamaliza opaleshoni yoletsa kupweteka. Komabe, ena angavutike kudzuka, kapena angakumane ndi mavuto ena monga malungo, kugwedezeka kwa minofu (kutentha kwambiri kwa thupi), kapena kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kapena kosatha kwa mitsempha.
• Kupsinjika kwa mpweya (pulmonary collapse): Mpweya womwe uli m'chifuwa ukhoza kupangitsa kuti mapapo agwe.

Ngakhale kuti zinthuzi zingachitike, madokotala akuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi zonsezi.

Ndani amene sakulowetsedwa m'chubu?

Nthawi zina, madokotala amaona kuti sikotetezeka kuchita opaleshoni yoikamo mpweya m'thupi. Izi zingachitike ngati pali kuvulala kwakukulu kwa njira yopumira, kapena ngati pali chotchinga chomwe chimalepheretsa kuti chubucho chilowetsedwe bwino.

Zikatero, madokotala angasankhe kuchita opaleshoni m'khosi mwanu kuti mutsegule njira yopumira. Izi zimatchedwa " tracheostomy." Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi chubu chopumira kwa masiku opitilira angapo, kapena ngati mukuganiza kuti mungafunike kukhala nacho kwa milungu ingapo.

Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire?

Anthu ambiri amachira patangopita maola ochepa kapena masiku ochepa mutatha kulowetsa m'chubu. Komabe, ngati mukuvutika kutsokomola, kumeza, kapena kulankhula ngakhale milungu ingapo mutatha kulowetsa m'chubu, onani dokotala. Angakutumizireni kwa katswiri wa makutu, mphuno, ndi pakhosi (otolaryngologist).

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti mukatha kulowetsa m'chubu?

Ngati mukumva zizindikiro izi mutatsegula m'mimba , pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo:

• Kupweteka pachifuwa
• Kuvuta kupuma, monga kupuma movutikira
• Kuvuta kapena kulephera kulankhula kapena kumeza
• Kupweteka kwambiri pakhosi
• Kutupa kwa nkhope

Ngati muli ndi chilichonse mwa izi, dziwitsani dokotala.

Kodi kulowetsa m'chubu n'koopsa bwanji?

Izi zimadalira chifukwa chake muyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni ya `(Intubation)`. Nthawi zina madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito `(Intubation)` pa opaleshoni yokonzedweratu. Si nkhani yaikulu. Koma pa nthawi yadzidzidzi, pamene simungathe kupuma nokha, pamene `(Intubation)` ikuchitika ngati njira yopulumutsira moyo, ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri.

Kodi "kulowetsa mpweya m'chubu" ndi "kupumulirako mpweya" ndi zinthu zosiyana?

``(Intubation)`` ndi ``(Mechanical Ventilation)`` zimagwirizana. Koma sizili zofanana kwenikweni.

• Kulowetsa mpweya m'chubu ndi njira yolowetsa chubu chopumira m'njira yopumira.
• Dokotalayo amalumikiza chubucho ndi chipangizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popuma. Chipangizochi chingakhale thumba logwira m'manja lomwe limapopera mpweya, kapena chingakhale chopumira mpweya.
• Chopumira mpweya ndi makina omwe amapopera mpweya m'mapapo ndi m'njira zanu zopumira. Nthawi zina chopumira mpweya chimatulutsa mpweya kudzera mu chigoba pankhope panu m'malo mwa chubu.

Kodi mukumvetsa? Nthawi zambiri, chopumira chimakhala cholumikizidwa pambuyo pa ``Intubation''.

Kodi `(Nasotracheal intubation)` ndi chiyani?

Apa ndi pomwe madokotala amaika chubu chopumira kudzera m'mphuno mwanu. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mukuchitidwa opaleshoni pamutu, pakamwa, kapena pakhosi. Zimathandizanso kupewa kuvulala kwina kwa khosi kapena pakhosi.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Kuganiza kuti dokotala akuika chubu pakhosi panu kungakhale koopsa. Koma kulowetsa chubu pakhosi ndi njira yachipatala yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitika m'zipinda zochitira opaleshoni ndi m'zipinda zadzidzidzi kuti ikuthandizeni kupulumutsa moyo wanu ngati simungathe kupuma. Anthu ambiri amamva kupweteka pakhosi kapena kuvutika kulankhula pambuyo pake. Koma zotsatira zake nthawi zambiri zimatha mkati mwa sabata imodzi. Chifukwa chake, khulupirirani madokotala anu. Nthawi zonse amayesetsa kuchita zomwe zingakukomereni.

Kulowetsa m'chubu , kupuma, chisamaliro chadzidzidzi, chithandizo cha kupuma, mpweya wopumira, opaleshoni, tracheostomy