Kodi inuyo kapena munthu wina amene mumamudziwa adauzidwapo ndi dokotala kuti gawo la mapapu anu liyenera kuchotsedwa opaleshoni? Ndizachilendo kumva mantha ndi nkhawa kwambiri mukamva mawu amenewo. "Akuchotsa chidutswa cha mapapu anga? Kodi ndidzatha kupuma pambuyo pake? Kodi izi ndi zoopsa?" Mwina muli ndi mafunso ambiri ngati awa m'maganizo mwanu. Musadandaule. Lero, tikambirana za opaleshoni iyi, yotchedwa lobectomy, m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.
Mwachidule, kodi opaleshoni ya lobectomy ndi chiyani?
Kuchotsa lobectomy ndi opaleshoni yochotsa gawo, kapena "lobe," ya mapapo anu. Kodi mukudziwa kuti mapapo athu akumanja ali ndi madera atatu ndipo mapapo athu akumanzere ali ndi awiri? Opaleshoniyi imachotsa lobe yodwala yokha, ndikusiya lobe yathanzi ili yonse.
Opaleshoni iyi nthawi zambiri imachitika ngati chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe imayamba msanga. Ndi chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri, makamaka khansa ya m'mapapo yomwe si ya maselo ang'onoang'ono . Nthawi zina, dokotala angasankhe kuchotsa gawo limodzi lokha la gawo. Izi zimatchedwa segmentectomy .
| Zifukwa zazikulu zochotsera lobectomy | |
|---|---|
| Matenda a khansa | Kuchotsa khansa ya m'mapapo (makamaka kumayambiriro kwa matendawa), zotupa za m'mapapo zomwe zimafalikira m'mapapo, ndi zotupa zomwe zafalikira m'mapapo kuchokera mbali zina za thupi. |
| Matenda ndi kuwonongeka | Kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kosatha kwa mapapo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda oopsa (monga chifuwa chachikulu) kapena chithandizo cha radiation. |
| Mavuto kuyambira kubadwa | Kukonza zolakwika zina zomwe zimachitika panthawi yopangidwa kwa mapapo pobadwa. |
| Kutuluka magazi | Ngati pali kutuluka magazi kosalamulirika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mapapo, gawo limenelo lingafunike kuchotsedwa. |
Kodi njira zochitira opaleshoni ndi ziti?
Kale, opaleshoni yamtunduwu inkachitika mwa kudula chifuwa chachikulu ndikuchotsa nthiti. Izi zimatchedwa thoracotomy . Koma tsopano, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, maopaleshoni ambiri amachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochepa zowononga . Mwachidule, opaleshoni iyi imachitika kudzera m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono ochepa, popanda kudula chifuwa chachikulu.
- VATS (Opaleshoni Yothandizidwa ndi Kanema ya Thoracoscopic): Izi zimaphatikizapo kudula pang'ono mbali ya chifuwa, kuyika kamera kakang'ono kudzera pa imodzi, ndikuyika zida zochitira opaleshoni kudzera pa kudula kwina. Dokotala amachita opaleshoniyo akuyang'ana mkati mwa mapapo pa sikirini yayikulu. Njirayi sikutanthauza kuswa kapena kusuntha nthiti.
- Makoswe (Robot-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery): Izi zikufanana kwambiri ndi VATS. Komabe, apa dokotala wa opaleshoni amalamulira zida pogwiritsa ntchito makina a manja a robotic. Izi zimathandiza kuti opaleshoniyo ichitike mosamala komanso molondola.
Njira zatsopanozi zimapangitsa kuti ululu uchepe pambuyo pa opaleshoni, munthu achire msanga, komanso kuti munthu azikhala kuchipatala kwa nthawi yochepa.
Kodi timakonzekera bwanji opaleshoni iyi?
Popeza iyi ndi opaleshoni yaikulu, mayeso angapo adzachitika pasadakhale kuti aone ngati thupi lanu lakonzeka kuchita izi. Musachite mantha mukaona izi. Zonsezi ndi za chitetezo chanu.
| Mayeso omwe akuchitidwa | Mukuona chiyani pamenepa? |
|---|---|
| Kuyezetsa thupi | Dokotala adzamvetsa bwino za thanzi lanu lonse. |
| Zojambulajambula | Kujambula pachifuwa pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray, CT scan, ndi PET scan zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa komwe kuli vuto la mapapo komanso kukula kwake. |
| Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo | Adzayesa momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito komanso ngati mudzatha kupuma bwino ndi gawo lotsalalo mutachita opaleshoni. |
| Mayeso a Mtima | Mayeso monga ECG (electrocardiogram) ndi echocardiogram adzachitika kuti atsimikizire ngati mtima wanu ungapirire opaleshoni yaikulu yotereyi. |
| Kufufuza za thupi | Nthawi zina, opaleshoni isanachitike, amatengedwa kaye chitsanzo cha chotupa cha m'mapapo kapena malo olumikizirana mafupa apafupi kuti akaone ngati ndi khansa kapena ayi. |
Kuwonjezera pa mayeso amenewa, mudzaonananso ndi dokotala wa mtima ndi dokotala wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa. Dokotala wogonetsa anthu ogonetsa adzakufotokozerani za mankhwala ogonetsa omwe mudzapatsidwe panthawi ya opaleshoni komanso momwe mungathanirane ndi ululu mukatha opaleshoni.
Chofunika kwambiri: Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusiya mwamsanga musanachite opaleshoni. Kusiya kusuta fodya kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha mavuto mukachita opaleshoni.
Dokotala adzakuuzaninso nthawi yeniyeni yomwe muyenera kusiya kudya ndi kumwa usiku woti opaleshoni ichitike.
Kodi kwenikweni chimachitika n’chiyani pa opaleshoni?
Simuyenera kuda nkhawa ndi izi konse. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu musanachite opaleshoni, kotero mudzakhala mutagona tulo tofa nato. Simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse.
1. Chubu chimayikidwa pakhosi panu ndipo chimalumikizidwa ku makina (chopumira mpweya) kuti chikuthandizeni kupuma.
2. Chubu cha IV chidzalowetsedwa mu mtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu ndipo mankhwala ofunikira adzaperekedwa kudzera mu mtsemphawo.
3. Kenako dokotalayo amayamba opaleshoniyo mwa kudula mafupa pachifuwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya VATS, RATS, kapena Thoracotomy yomwe yatchulidwa kale.
4. Mitsempha yamagazi ndi nthambi za bronchial zomwe zimapita ku gawo la mapapo lomwe lakhudzidwa zimalekanitsidwa mosamala ndipo gawolo limachotsedwa kwathunthu. Komabe, mitsempha yamagazi ndi nthambi za bronchial zomwe zimapita ku magawo ena athanzi sizimawonongeka.
5. Gawo lochotsedwalo limayikidwa m'thumba lapadera ndikuchotsedwa m'thupi.
6. Ngati ndi khansa, minofu ina yathanzi yozungulira idzachotsedwa. Ma lymph nodes ena omwe ali pachifuwa adzachotsedwanso ndikutumizidwa kuti akayesedwe kuti awone ngati khansayo yafalikira.
7. Mukamaliza zonse, yang'anani mosamala malo aliwonse otuluka magazi ndipo sambitsani bwino ndikutsuka mkati mwa chifuwa.
8. Pomaliza, mabala amatsekedwa ndi ma stitches kapena staples.
Opaleshoni yonse nthawi zambiri imatenga pafupifupi maola awiri, koma izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi zovuta za opaleshoniyo.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa opaleshoni? Kodi mungasamalire bwanji kuchipatala?
Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mudzadzutsidwa ndikupita ku chipinda chochiritsira, komwe mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu wanu.
- Mukangozindikira bwino, chubu chopumira chimachotsedwa. Anthu ambiri sakumbukira ngakhale izi.
- Kenako mudzasamutsidwira ku chipinda cha odwala ambiri kapena nthawi zina ku chipinda cha odwala odwala kwambiri (ICU).
- Mudzaikidwa chubu chimodzi kapena ziwiri (machubu a pachifuwa) pachifuwa panu. Izi zimachotsa madzi ndi mpweya wowonjezera womwe umasonkhana mozungulira mapapo anu. Zidzachotsedwa patatha masiku ochepa.
- Maseŵero olimbitsa thupi okhudza chifuwa ndi kupuma: Anamwino adzakulimbikitsani kuti muzitsokomola pafupipafupi komanso kupuma mozama. Ngakhale izi zitha kukhala zopweteka pang'ono, ndikofunikira kuti mapapu anu azitha kukulirakulira bwino ndikupewa matenda.
- Kuti magazi asaundane m'miyendo yanu muli pabedi, mutha kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa magazi ndikuvala zida zapadera zopondereza miyendo yanu.
- Kuyambira tsiku lotsatira opaleshoni, ndinayamba kuyenda pang'onopang'ono mothandizidwa ndi anamwino.
Tiuzeninso za ubwino ndi zoopsa zake.
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni iliyonse, pali ubwino komanso zoopsa zina.
Ubwino waukulu:
Pa khansa ya m'mapapo yoyambirira, opaleshoni iyi ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wochira kwathunthu .
Zoopsa zomwe zingachitike (Zovuta):
Izi sizichitika kwa aliyense, koma ndikofunikira kuzidziwa.
- Kutupa kwa mtima (atrial fibrillation) - Ichi ndiye vuto lofala kwambiri.
- Kutuluka magazi kwambiri.
- Mpweya umatuluka m'mapapo womwe umatenga masiku angapo.
- Magazi amaundana m'miyendo.
- Matenda pachifuwa.
- Matenda a mitsempha (monga kusintha kwa mawu).
- Kuvuta kupuma panthawi yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Njira yabwino yochepetsera zoopsazi ndi kusankha chipatala chokhala ndi madokotala odziwa bwino ntchito omwe amachita opaleshoni yamtunduwu pafupipafupi. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa zilizonse zokhudzana ndi zoopsazi, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izo momasuka musanachite opaleshoni.
Kodi mungatani kuti muchiritse msanga mutabwerera kunyumba?
Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono monga VATS kapena RATS, mudzatha kubwerera kunyumba kuchokera kuchipatala patatha masiku awiri kapena atatu . Ululu umachepa, kotero nthawi yochira imathamanga. Nthawi zambiri mutha kubwerera kuntchito zopepuka, monga kugwira ntchito muofesi, patatha milungu iwiri. Ngati muli ndi ntchito yonyamula katundu wolemera, muyenera kupuma kwa milungu inayi kapena kuposerapo.
Ngati munachitidwa opaleshoni yotseguka (thoracotomy), muyenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa masiku atatu kapena anayi , ndipo zingatenge nthawi yayitali kuti muchire.
Atabwerera kunyumba:
- Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala amphamvu ochepetsa ululu kwa pafupifupi sabata imodzi.
- Zingakhale bwino ngati wina atakhalapo kuti akuthandizeni poyamba.
- Anthu ena angafunike chithandizo cha okosijeni kunyumba kwawo kwa kanthawi.
- Pewani kuyendetsa galimoto mpaka mutamwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu.
- Mudzakhala ndi nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala wanu mkati mwa milungu 1-3 mutachita opaleshoni. Iye akhoza kukambirana za zotsatira za mayeso anu, kufufuza mabala anu, ndikukupatsani malangizo a momwe mungapitirire.
Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda monga kutentha thupi, kuzizira, ndi kutopa kwambiri, imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Mafunso ena angapo omwe mungakhale nawo m'maganizo:
Kodi iyi ndi opaleshoni yaikulu?
Inde , opaleshoni ya lobectomy ndi opaleshoni yaikulu chifukwa mapapo ali ndi mitsempha yamagazi yofooka kwambiri komanso yayikulu. Choncho pali chiopsezo china.
Kodi moyo umakhala wotani pambuyo pa opaleshoni?
Izi zimadalira kwathunthu gawo la khansa. Izi zitha kudziwika kuchokera ku lipoti la matenda pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Nthawi zambiri, ngati yachotsedwa koyambirira, machiritso athunthu amatha kuchitika.
Kodi khansa ingabwererenso?
Pali mwayi. Ndicho chifukwa chake mumayang'aniridwa ndi CT scans miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse kwa zaka zisanu mutachitidwa opaleshoni. Ngati khansa sibwerera patatha zaka zisanu, mumaonedwa kuti mwachira kwathunthu.
Mungamve ngati kuti mwachotsedwa kapena kuimbidwa mlandu ndi anthu chifukwa chokhala ndi khansa yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kusuta. Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi malingaliro amenewo, koma musamangoganizira kwambiri. Muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zanu zonse kuti mupeze bwino posachedwa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuchotsa gawo la m'mapapo (Lobectomy) ndi kuchotsa gawo la m'mapapo. Ichi ndi chithandizo chothandiza kwambiri cha khansa ya m'mapapo.
- Njira zamakono monga VATS ndi mbewa tsopano zimapangitsa kuti ululu uchepe pambuyo pa opaleshoni ndipo munthu amachira msanga.
- Zinthu monga kusiya kusuta musanachite opaleshoni zingachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo cha mavuto.
- Iyi ndi opaleshoni yaikulu, choncho dzipatseni nthawi yoti muchire bwino. Musazengereze kupempha thandizo kwa abale ndi abwenzi.
- Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa zilizonse zokhudzana ndi izi, onetsetsani kuti mwakambirana momasuka ndi dokotala wanu. Kudziwa zomwe zili m'maganizo mwanu kudzawathandiza kukonzekera chithandizo chanu.
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