Kodi mapapu anu awonongeka kwambiri kotero kuti sangathenso kulamuliridwa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena? Dokotala wanu mwina watchulapo za "kuika mapapo." Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha komanso mantha mukamva za opaleshoni yayikulu yotereyi. Koma musadandaule. Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo yake. Kodi kuika mapapo ndi chiyani? Kumatanthauza chiyani? Lero, tikambirana mwachidule.
Mwachidule, kodi kusamutsa mapapo n’chiyani?
Kuika mapapo ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni yomwe mapapu anu amodzi kapena onse awiri omwe ali ndi matenda kapena owonongeka amachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi mapapo kapena mapapo athanzi kuchokera kwa wopereka. Nthawi zambiri, mapapo operekedwawa amachokera kwa munthu womwalirayo.
Opaleshoni iyi imachitika kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda aakulu a m'mapapo omwe sangachiritsidwe ndi mankhwala ena kapena chithandizo china chilichonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, madokotala amalimbikitsa opaleshoni iyi ngati njira yomaliza.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya opaleshoni yoika mapapo ndi iti?
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya opaleshoni yoika mapapo. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
| Mtundu wa kuyika | Chikuchitika ndi chiyani? |
|---|---|
| Kusamutsa mapapo kamodzi | Limodzi mwa mapapo anu awiri odwala lidzachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi mapapu athanzi omwe aperekedwa. |
| Kuika mapapo awiri | Mapapu anu onse awiri omwe ali ndi matenda adzachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi mapapo awiri athanzi omwe aperekedwa. |
| Kusamutsa mtima ndi mapapo | Mu izi, mtima ndi mapapo anu onse amachotsedwa ndipo mtima ndi mapapo omwe aperekedwa bwino amaikidwa m'malo enaake. Izi zimachitika m'matenda oopsa omwe amakhudza mtima ndi mapapo onse. |
Ndani woyenera opaleshoni iyi?
Popeza opaleshoni iyi ndi yoopsa kwambiri, si aliyense amene angachite. Madokotala amaganizira zinthu zambiri akamasankha munthu wochita opaleshoniyi. Kawirikawiri, kuti munthu akhale woyenera opaleshoniyi, ayenera kukwaniritsa izi:
- Muyenera kuti muli ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda lomwe likupangitsa kuti mapapu anu asagwire bwino ntchito.
- Matenda anu ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mankhwala ena.
- Ngati simunachite opaleshoni iyi, madokotala ayenera kuti adasankha kuti muli ndi moyo wosakwana chaka chimodzi kapena zitatu.
- Simungakhale ndi khansa ya m'mapapo.
- Muyenera kukhala munthu amene sagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosuta fodya (ndudu, beedis, ndi zina zotero).
- Muyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zamaganizo zomwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi omwe mudzafunika kumwa moyo wanu wonse mutachitidwa opaleshoni.
N’chifukwa chiyani kuyika mapapo ndikofunikira? Ndi matenda amtundu wanji omwe angachiritsidwe?
Kuika mapapo kumalimbikitsidwa pa matenda oopsa a m'mapapo omwe sangachiritsidwe ndi mankhwala ena aliwonse. Nazi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingayambitse izi.
| Mkhalidwe | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Matenda a bronchiectasis | Njira zopumira m'mapapo zomwe zimatambasuka komanso kuwonongeka kosatha. |
| Matenda Osatha a M'mapapo Oletsa Kutsekeka (COPD) | Gulu la matenda osatha a m'mapapo omwe amachititsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta. |
| Kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kwachitika chifukwa cha COVID-19 | Matenda a COVID-19 angayambitse kuwonongeka kosatha m'mapapo. |
| Matenda a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) | Matenda a majini omwe amachititsa kuti ntchofu ya m'thupi (phlegm) ikhale yokhuthala komanso yomata. Izi zitha kukhudza kwambiri mapapo. |
| Matenda a M'mapapo a Pakati pa Matenda (ILD) | Matenda omwe minofu ya m'mapapo imavulala ndipo mapapo amauma. |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mapapo | Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita ku mapapo. |
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani musanachite opaleshoni? (Kuwunika musanalowetsedwe)
Musanapange chisankho chokhudza ngati mukufuna kuikidwa mapapo, mudzayesedwa mozama kwambiri . Izi zimatchedwa 'kuwunika musanaikidwe mapapo.' Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba. Woyang'anira wodziwa bwino ntchito yoika mapapo adzasonkhanitsa zambiri zanu zonse zachipatala.
Kodi mayeso awa akuyang'ana chiyani?
Pali mayeso ambiri awa. Chilichonse mwa mayesowa chimayang'ana ngati thupi lanu lingathe kupirira opaleshoni yayikulu yotereyi komanso ngati mungapulumuke opaleshoniyo.
| Mayeso akuluakulu omwe adachitidwa opaleshoni isanachitike | |
|---|---|
| Thanzi la thupi | Thanzi lanu lonse, mbiri yachipatala ya banja lanu. |
| Kuyezetsa magazi | Kuyang'ana mtundu wa magazi, momwe ziwalo zina zimagwirira ntchito, komanso momwe matenda alili. |
| Kulemba Minofu | Kuyang'ana ngati minofu ya thupi lanu ikugwirizana ndi minofu ya wopereka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri , kuti thupi lichepetse chiopsezo choti likana mapapo atsopano. |
| Mayeso a mapapo | Zinthu monga X-ray ya pachifuwa, CT scan, ndi mayeso a ntchito ya m'mapapo. |
| Mayeso a matenda a mtima | Mayeso monga ECG, Echocardiogram, ndi Cardiac Catheterization amayesa thanzi la mtima. |
| Mayeso ena | Amachitanso zinthu monga kuyezetsa mafupa (DEXA scan), colonoscopy, kuyezetsa magazi (Pap smear) ndi mammogram kwa akazi, komanso kuyezetsa prostate kwa amuna. |
Pambuyo pa mayeso onsewa, gulu lachipatala lothandizira opaleshoni lidzakumana, kusanthula zolemba zanu zonse, ndikupanga chisankho chomaliza ngati opaleshoniyi ndi yoyenera kwa inu kapena ayi.
Ngati mwatsimikiza kuti ndinu woyenerera, dzina lanu lidzaikidwa pamndandanda wadziko lonse woyembekezera kuikidwa mapapo . Kenako muyenera kudikira kuti mapapo ofanana nawo apezeke.
Kumbukirani, nthawi yomwe ili pamndandanda wodikirawu imatha kuyambira miyezi mpaka zaka, kutengera ngati mwapeza wopereka magazi wokhala ndi mtundu wofanana wa magazi ndi kukula kwa mapapu.
Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani mukakhala pa mndandanda wa oyembekezera?
Nthawi ino ndi yofunika kwambiri. Muyenera kukhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri pa opaleshoni. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakukonzerani dongosolo lapadera.
- Kusintha kwa moyo: Muyenera kusiya kumwa mowa kotheratu. Muyenera kukhala ndi kulemera koyenera. Ngati muli ndi kunenepa kwambiri, muyenera kuchepetsa thupi.
- Mankhwala: Imwani mankhwala onse omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani panthawi yake. Ngati dokotala wina wakupatsani mankhwala atsopano, muyenera kudziwitsa woyang'anira kusintha kwa mankhwalawo. Muyeneranso kuwauza za mavitamini kapena mankhwala azitsamba omwe mukumwa.
- Kuchita Maseŵera Olimbitsa Thupi: Katswiri wa zamaganizo adzapanga pulogalamu yochita maseŵera olimbitsa thupi yomwe ili yoyenera kwa inu. Muyeneranso kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo opuma kuti muchite maseŵera opumira kuti mapapo anu akhale athanzi.
- Kuyezetsa pafupipafupi: Dokotala adzabwera kudzakuonani miyezi iwiri kapena itatu iliyonse.
- Kukonzekera:Mapapo ofanana ndi omwe akupezeka nthawi iliyonse. Choncho pangani dongosolo loyendera kuti mukafike kuchipatala. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi thumba la zovala ndi zinthu zofunika.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya opaleshoni?
Mukapita ku chipinda chochitira opaleshoni, dokotala wogonetsa adzakupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti musamve kupweteka kulikonse. Kugunda kwa mtima wanu ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi zidzayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse.
Kenako mudzalumikizidwa ku makina otchedwa mechanical ventilator . Ichi ndi chomwe chimakupumirani panthawi ya opaleshoni. Nthawi zina, makina otchedwa `ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)` angagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Izi zimaletsa kwakanthawi magazi kuti asayende kupita kumtima ndi m'mapapo mwanu, kenako makina amatsuka magaziwo ndikuwabwezera m'thupi lanu.
Dokotala wa opaleshoni amakudula pachifuwa ndipo amachotsa mosamala mapapo omwe ali ndi matenda kapena mapapo onse awiri. Kenako, mapapo atsopano, athanzi amaikidwa pamalo pake, ndikulumikizanso mitsempha yonse yamagazi ndi njira zopumira.
Zonse zikalumikizidwa bwino, amafufuza ngati magazi ndi mpweya zikuyenda kupita ku mapapo atsopano. Pomaliza, chotupacho chimasokedwa ndipo bala limaphimbidwa.
Kuika mapapo kamodzi kokha kungatenge maola 4-8, ndipo kuika mapapo awiri kungatenge maola 6-12.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani pambuyo pa opaleshoni?
Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mudzasamutsidwira ku chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU). Madokotala ndi anamwino adzakusamalirani bwino mpaka mutachira ndipo vuto lanu lidzakhazikika. Poyamba, mudzasungidwa pa makina opumira mpweya kuti akuthandizeni kupuma.
Matenda anu akayamba bwino, mudzasamutsidwira ku chipinda chogona bwino. Apa ndi pomwe gawo lofunika kwambiri limayambira. Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti thupi lanu lisakane mapapo atsopano. Thupi lanu lidzayang'aniridwa mosamala kuti lione momwe limayankhira ndi mankhwala awa.
Pamene mukuchira pang'onopang'ono, akatswiri azachipatala ndi akatswiri azachipatala opumira adzakuyambitsani masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti akulimbikitseni. Nthawi zambiri mudzaloledwa kupita kunyumba patatha masiku 12-14, kapena kupitirira apo ngati pakufunika.
Kodi zoopsa ndi zovuta zake ndi ziti? (Zoopsa ndi Zovuta)
Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni yaikulu iliyonse, pali zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.
- Zoopsa za opaleshoni: Zinthu monga mavuto oletsa ululu, kutuluka magazi ambiri, magazi kuundana, ndi matenda opatsirana.
- Kukana Kuika Mapapu: Iyi ndi vuto lalikulu. Chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimatha kuzindikira zinthu zakunja. Chifukwa chake, chimatha kuwona mapapo omwe angoikidwa kumene ngati "chinthu chachilendo" ndikuyamba kuwaukira. Izi zimatchedwa `kukana`.
- Kukana Mwachangu:Izi zitha kuchitika mkati mwa chaka choyamba mutachita opaleshoni, koma zimatha kulamulidwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala.
- Kukana Kwanthawi Zonse: Izi zitha kuchitika patatha zaka zingapo. Vutoli ndi lovuta kulichiza.
- Matenda: Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi, omwe amaperekedwa kuti thupi lisakane mapapo atsopano, amachepetsa mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi. Izi zimakupangitsani kukhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (mabakiteriya, mavairasi, bowa).
Zizindikiro za thupi kukana mapapo
Muyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi zizindikiro izi. Ngati muli nazo, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
| Machenjezo okhudza kukana | |
|---|---|
| - Malungo | - Kulemera kwa thupi |
| - Kusanza ndi kusanza | - Kutopa kwambiri |
| - Kupweteka kwa thupi | - Kutsegula m'mimba |
| - Ululu kapena kupweteka kuzungulira mapapo obzalidwa | - Kutupa kwa thupi |
Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire? (Nthawi Yochira)
Ulendo uwu ndi wautali. Siwudzachira mwadzidzidzi.
- Miyezi itatu Yoyamba: Muyenera kubwera kuchipatala nthawi zonse. Muyenera kuyezetsa magazi, kujambulidwa ndi X-ray, komanso kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala.
- Masabata 6-8: Mutha kuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono ndikuyendetsa galimoto.
- Miyezi 3-6: Chiopsezo chakuti thupi likana mapapo chimachepa. Kugwira ntchito kwa mapapo kumakhazikika.
- Miyezi 4-6: Anthu ambiri amatha kubwerera kuntchito kapena kusukulu.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti thupi lanu likhale lapadera. Nthawi yanu yochira ingakhale yosiyana ndi ya wina. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuika mapapo ndi opaleshoni yopulumutsa moyo, koma yoopsa kwambiri. Imachitika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a mapapo omwe sangachiritsidwe ndi chithandizo china chilichonse.
- Musanachite opaleshoni, mudzayesedwa mozama kuti mudziwe ngati mukuyenerera.
- Chiwopsezo chachikulu ndichakuti thupi lanu lidzakana mapapo atsopano ndikukhala ndi matenda, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kwa moyo wanu wonse .
- Kuchira kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndipo kuleza mtima ndi kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi gulu lachipatala n'kofunika kwambiri.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zachilendo (malungo, kupuma movutikira), musazengereze kuuza dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo .
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