Udzudzu si chinthu chachilendo m'dziko lathu. Kuyambira kutivutitsa usiku tikagona mpaka kuyambitsa matenda monga dengue, udzudzu umatibweretsera mavuto ambiri. Koma lero tikambirana za matenda ena omwe ndi oopsa komanso omwe amafalikira ndi udzudzu. Umenewo ndi malungo. Mwina munamvapo dzinali, koma simukudziwa kuopsa kwake. Makamaka ngati mwapita posachedwa kudziko ngati Africa kapena South America, kapena ngati muli ndi munthu m'nyumba mwanu amene wabwerera kuchokera kudziko lotere, nkhaniyi idzakhala yofunika kwambiri kwa inu.
Mwachidule, kodi malungo ndi chiyani?
Malungo ndi matenda ofalitsidwa ndi udzudzu. Koma si udzudzu wonse. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha udzudzu womwe uli ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe sitingathe kuoneka ndi maso. Monga momwe malungo a dengue amayambitsira ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi kachilombo ka dengue.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timalowa m'magazi mwathu ndi malovu a udzudzu. Kuchokera pamenepo, timapita mwachindunji ku chiwindi chathu. Timachulukana mwakachetechete m'chiwindi, kutanthauza kuti, timaberekana, kenako timalowanso m'magazi mwathu ndi zikwizikwi. Pamenepo ndi pomwe zizindikiro zimayamba kuwonekera. Ngati sitilandira chithandizo pasadakhale, uwu ndi matenda oopsa omwe angakhale oopsa kwambiri . Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri, makamaka kwa ana osakwana zaka 5.
Kodi zizindikiro za malungo ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za malungo poyamba zimaoneka ngati chimfine choipa, kotero anthu ena angachinyalanyaze, poganiza kuti ndi chimfine wamba. Komabe, zizindikirozi pang'onopang'ono zimatha kukhala zoopsa kwambiri.
Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimaonekera patangopita masiku ochepa mpaka mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene udzudzu waluma. Komabe, modabwitsa, anthu ena amatha kukhala chaka chimodzi osawonetsa zizindikiro kenako mwadzidzidzi n’kuyamba kudwala matendawa.
Tebulo ili m'munsimu likuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino zizindikiro izi.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera pang'ono za zimenezo |
|---|---|
| Malungo ndi Kuzizira | Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu. Mwadzidzidzi, thupi limakhala lotentha kwambiri komanso lotentha thupi. Nthawi yomweyo, thupi limakhala lozizira kwambiri ndipo limayamba kunjenjemera. Ngakhale mutadzikulunga ndi nkhwangwa, kuzizira sikutha. |
| Mutu ndi kupweteka kwa thupi | Mutu wanga ukupweteka kwambiri. Minofu ndi mafupa anga akupwetekanso kwambiri. Ndikumva ngati ndakhala ndikugwira ntchito mwakhama kwa masiku ambiri. |
| Kutopa | Ndimamva ngati sindingathe kuchita chilichonse. Nthawi zonse ndimakhala ndi tulo ndipo thupi langa limakhala lopanda moyo. |
| Kusanza, nseru, ndi kuvutika m'mimba | Zikumveka ngati m'mimba mwanu mukutembenuka, ndipo mukufuna kusanza. Anthu ena angakhale ndi m'mimba womasuka. |
| Kuoneka kwachikasu kwa maso ndi khungu (Jaundice) | Maso ndi khungu loyera limayamba kusanduka lachikasu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti chiwindi chakhudzidwa. |
| Kuvuta kupuma | Matendawa akakula kwambiri, kupuma kumakhala kovuta. |
| Kusintha kwa mtundu wa mkodzo | Mkodzo ukhoza kukhala wakuda, nthawi zina kukhala ndi magazi. |
| Kugwidwa ndi khunyu | Uwu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri. Matendawa akakhudza ubongo, matenda monga khunyu amatha kuchitika. |
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati mwapita kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala ndipo muli ndi zizindikiro izi, muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo , m'malo mongoganiza kuti ndi chimfine chokha.
Kodi kachilombo ka malungo aka kamalowa bwanji m'thupi mwathu?
Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda totchedwa Plasmodium. Pali mitundu isanu yomwe imatha kufalikira kwa anthu. Mwa mitundu iyi, Plasmodium falciparum ndi Plasmodium vivax ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Makamaka P. falciparum ingayambitse matenda oopsa.
Njira yaikulu yomwe matendawa amafalikira ndi kudzera mu kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. Tangoganizirani, udzudzu umaluma munthu amene ali ndi malungo. Kenako tizilombo tina timalowa m'thupi la udzudzu. Kenako udzudzuwo ukamaluma munthu wathanzi, tizilombo tina timalowa m'thupi la munthuyo. Nthawi yonseyi imakhala yatha.
Kuwonjezera pa kulumidwa ndi udzudzu, umathanso kufalikira kudzera m'njira zina, kawirikawiri kwambiri.
- Kupatsirana kwa mwana kuchokera kwa mayi woyembekezera.
- Kuikidwa magazi.
- Kupereka ziwalo kuchokera kwa munthu wodwala.
- Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsa ntchito singano zomwezo.
Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu?
Ngakhale kuti aliyense angathe kutenga malungo, anthu ena amakhala ndi mavuto aakulu. Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Gawo la zoopsa | N’chifukwa chiyani chiopsezocho chili chachikulu? |
|---|---|
| Ana aang'ono osakwana zaka 5 | Popeza chitetezo chawo cha mthupi sichinakule bwino, amavutika kulimbana ndi matendawa, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto aakulu mwachangu. |
| Amayi oyembekezera | Pa nthawi ya mimba, chitetezo cha mthupi cha mayi chimachepa pang'ono mwachibadwa. Ngati malungo ayamba, amatha kukhudza mayi ndi mwana wosabadwa. |
| Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chochepa chamthupi | Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga HIV/AIDS, khansa, kapena omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi ali m'gululi. |
| Alendo opita kumadera omwe malungo amafalikira kwambiri | Anthu okhala m'madera amenewo amakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi pakapita nthawi. Komabe, matendawa amatha kukulirakulira kwa munthu watsopano, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitidziwika bwino m'thupi. |
Ndi mayiko ati omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a malungo?
Malungo amapezeka kwambiri m'maiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha komanso yachinyezi.
- Mayiko aku Africa
- Mayiko a Central ndi South America
- Zilumba za ku Caribbean (monga Haiti, Dominican Republic)
- Mayiko ena ku South ndi Southeast Asia
- Zilumba zina mu Nyanja ya Pacific
Mavuto aakulu omwe angachitike ngati sanachiritsidwe
Malungo si matenda osewerera nawo. Ngati sachiritsidwa mwachangu, angayambitse mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa ngakhale moyo.
- Malungo a muubongo: Izi zimachitika pamene maselo ofiira a magazi odzaza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo amatseka mitsempha yaing'ono yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi ku ubongo. Izi zingayambitse kutupa kwa ubongo, khunyu, chikomokere, komanso imfa.
- Kulephera kwa Ziwalo: Ziwalo zofunika monga impso, chiwindi, ndi ndulu zitha kuwonongeka ndikutaya ntchito yawo.
- Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timawononga maselo ofiira a magazi, kuchuluka kwa magazi m'thupi kumatha kuchepa mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi asamayende bwino m'thupi.
- Kuvuta kupuma: Madzi amatha kusonkhana m'mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji malungo?
Dokotala wanu akakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu ndi madera omwe mwapitako posachedwapa, adzakuyezani magazi kuti atsimikizire matendawa.
Izi zikuphatikizapo kutenga dontho laling'ono la magazi kuchokera pa chala chanu ndikuyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu. Izi zikuwonetsani ngati pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo m'magazi mwanu, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, mtundu wanji. Kuyesa kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti mutsimikizire matendawa ndikusankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu.
Choncho, mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, onetsetsani kuti mwamuuza za dziko lililonse ndi chigawo chilichonse chomwe mudapitako chaka chathachi . Chidziwitso chimenecho chingakuthandizeni kupulumutsa moyo wanu.
Kodi mankhwala a malungo ndi otani?
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti malungo ndi matenda ochiritsika kwathunthu , koma chithandizo chiyenera kuyamba msanga.
Chithandizo chimachitika ndi mankhwala oletsa malungo. Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe mupatsidwa udzadalira zinthu zingapo:
- Kumene mudatengera matendawa: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo m'madera ena padziko lapansi sitingathe kulandira mankhwala, choncho mankhwalawo amasiyana malinga ndi komwe mudapita.
- Mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe muli nacho: Chithandizo chingasiyane pa mtundu woopsa kwambiri, monga `P. falciparum`.
- Kuopsa kwa vuto lanu: Ngati vutolo ndi lalikulu, mungafunike kupatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya mtsempha (IV) ndi kulandira chithandizo kuchipatala.
- Kaya muli ndi pakati kapena mukuyamwitsa.
- zaka zanu.
Izi ndi zina mwa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa nthawi zambiri:
- Artemether-lumefantrine
- Atovaquone-proguanil
- Chloroquine kapena hydroxychloroquine
- Doxycycline ( Doxycycline ) , tetracycline kapena clindamycin
- Mefloquine
- Quinine
- Primaquine
- Tafenoquine
Mungapatsidwe mankhwala amodzi kapena osakaniza awa. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumwa mankhwalawo monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, kwa nthawi yonse ya maphunzirowo. Musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo pakati chifukwa choti mukumva bwino. Kuchita zimenezi kungayambitse kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tibwererenso.
Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku malungo?
"Ndi bwino kupewa matenda kusiyana ndi kuchiza," akutero iwo. Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa malungo. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale otetezeka ku malungo.
| Njira yopewera | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa | Musanapite kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala. Iye adzakupatsani mankhwala apadera oti mumwe musanayambe ulendo wanu, panthawi yake, komanso mutatha. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga matendawa. |
| Chitetezo ku kulumidwa ndi udzudzu | Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opopera tizilombo omwe ali ndi DEET. Valani zovala zazitali komanso zazitali mukatuluka madzulo komanso usiku. Onetsetsani kuti mwagwiritsa ntchito neti yoteteza udzudzu mukagona. |
| Katemera | Katemera wa malungo tsopano wapezeka. Pakadali pano akulangizidwa ana aang'ono okhala m'madera omwe malungo ndi ofala. Pakadali pano sakulangizidwa kwa apaulendo. |
Ngakhale kuti malungo ndi matenda oopsa, pali njira zodzitetezera ku matendawa. Ngati atapezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga, tingachire kwathunthu. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziteteza ku kulumidwa ndi udzudzu. Ngati mukupita kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala, pitani kwa dokotala milungu ingapo pasadakhale kuti mupeze upangiri wofunikira komanso mankhwala oletsa. Komanso, ngati muyamba zizindikiro monga malungo mutayenda, zinyalanyazeni ndipo funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Malungo ndi matenda oopsa omwe amafalitsidwa ndi kulumidwa ndi udzudzu womwe uli ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Malungo aakulu, kuzizira, kupweteka kwa thupi, ndi kutopa kwambiri ndi zizindikiro zazikulu.
- Ngati mwapita kudziko lomwe malungo ndi ofala kwambiri ndipo muli ndi malungo, ganizirani kuti mwina ndi malungo ndipo pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .
- Malungo amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi mankhwala ngati atapezeka msanga.
- Mukayenda, mutha kudziteteza ku matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito maukonde a udzudzu, mankhwala othamangitsa udzudzu, komanso kumwa mankhwala oletsa udzudzu.
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