Kodi mahomoni anu onse a pituitary ndi otsika? Tiyeni tikambirane za panhypopituitarism!

Nthawi zina zinthu m'thupi lathu sizigwira ntchito monga momwe timayembekezera, sichoncho? Mahomoni ndi gulu la atumiki ofunikira kwambiri omwe amagwira ntchito pafupifupi njira iliyonse m'thupi lathu. Ngati pali vuto ndi dongosolo la mahomonili, lingakhudze moyo wathu wonse. Lero tikambirana za vuto losowa lomwe aliyense ayenera kudziwa. Ilo ndi panhypopituitarism.

Kodi Panhypopituitarism ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, panhypopituitarism ndi vuto losowa kwambiri pomwe pituitary gland, yomwe ndi kachiwalo kakang'ono muubongo wathu, sipanga mokwanira kapena imakhala yoperewera mu mahomoni onse omwe imapanga. Gawo la "pan" limatanthauza "zonse." Vutoli lingakhudze makanda, ana, ndi akuluakulu.

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti, "Kodi mahomoni awa ndi chiyani? Nchifukwa chiyani ndi ofunikira kwambiri?" Chabwino, tiyeni tiwone zimenezo.

Mahomoni ali ngati amithenga m'matupi athu. Ndi mankhwala apadera. Amayenda m'magazi mwathu ndipo amatumiza mauthenga ku ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, minofu, ndi minofu ina. Amagwirizanitsa, ndiko kuti, amalamulira ndikugwirizanitsa zochita zosiyanasiyana za thupi lathu, kuwauza kuti "chitani izi, chitani izi panthawi ino, chitani motere."

Chiwalo chathu cha pituitary chili ndi kukula kwa nandolo. Chili pansi pa ubongo wathu, pansi pa hypothalamus. (Hypothalamus ndi malo akuluakulu muubongo omwe amalamulira zinthu zambiri zofunika, kuphatikizapo dongosolo lathu la mitsempha lodziyimira pawokha.) Ngakhale kuti ndi laling'ono, chiwalo cha pituitary chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu dongosolo lathu la endocrine. Ndiko kuti, ndi mahomoni a pituitary awa omwe amalamulira zinthu zambiri m'thupi lathu, monga kagayidwe kachakudya, kukula, ndi kubereka.

Kawirikawiri, matupi athu amawongolera mosamala kuchuluka kwa mahomoni awa. Komabe, ngati mahomoni aliwonse awa atsika kwambiri, angayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana komanso mavuto azaumoyo. Panhypopituitarism ndi pamene mahomoni onse opangidwa ndi pituitary gland amakhala otsika kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Panhypopituitarism ndi Hypopituitarism?

Mayina awiriwa ndi ofanana pang'ono, kotero amatha kusokoneza. Taganizirani izi, hypopituitarism ndi vuto lomwe mahomoni amodzi kapena angapo amapangidwa ndi pituitary gland. Panhypopituitarism ndi vuto lapadera komanso lokwanira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, panhypopituitarism ndi kusowa kwa mahomoni onse opangidwa ndi pituitary gland. Mawu oti "pan" amatanthauza "onse", kotero amafotokoza vutoli.

Ndi mahomoni ati omwe amapangidwa ndi pituitary gland?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mahomoni omwe amapangidwa ndi kutulutsidwa (kutulutsidwa) ndi pituitary gland yathu. Iliyonse ya mahomoniwa ili ndi ntchito yakeyake. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe ali:

• Homoni ya adrenocorticotropic (ACTH kapena corticotropin): Izi zimalimbikitsa ma adrenal glands athu kuti apange homoni yotchedwa cortisol. Cortisol iyi imatchedwanso 'homoni yopsinjika'. Ndi yofunika kwambiri poletsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
• Homoni yolimbikitsa follicle (FSH): Homoni iyi imathandiza kukulitsa umuna mwa amuna ndipo imalimbikitsa mazira m'mazira mwa akazi kuti apange hormone ya estrogen ndi mazira okhwima.
• Homoni ya kukula (GH): Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ana. Imathandizanso kusunga minofu ndi mafupa abwino mwa akuluakulu, ndipo imakhudza kufalikira kwa mafuta m'thupi. GH imagwiranso ntchito mu kagayidwe kathu ka thupi.
• Homoni ya luteinizing (LH): LH imafunika kuti ilimbikitse ovulation mwa akazi komanso kuti ilimbikitse kupanga testosterone mwa amuna.
• Prolactin: Homoni iyi imalimbikitsa kupanga mkaka wa m'mawere mwana akabadwa. Ingakhudzenso nthawi ya msambo mwa akazi komanso kubereka komanso kugonana kwa akuluakulu.
• Homoni yolimbikitsa chithokomiro (TSH): Izi zimalimbikitsa chithokomiro chathu kupanga mahomoni a chithokomiro, omwe amayang'anira kagayidwe kachakudya, mphamvu, ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Kuwonjezera pa izi, pituitary gland imasunga ndi kutulutsa mahomoni ena awiri akafunika. Komabe, awa amapangidwa ndi hypothalamus:

• Homoni yoletsa diuretic (ADH kapena vasopressin): Homoni iyi imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi sodium (mchere) m'thupi lathu.
• Oxytocin: Imathandiza akazi kukoka chiberekero chawo panthawi yobereka, komanso imathandizanso kuti mkaka wa m'mawere uyende bwino. Akuti mahomoni amenewa amakhudzanso ubale wa makolo ndi makanda.

Taonani, ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya pituitary gland iyi! Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwa mahomoni onsewa kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu.

Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli la panhypopituitarism?

Ndipotu, vuto limeneli lotchedwa panhypopituitarism lingachitike kwa aliyense, pa msinkhu uliwonse. Palibe malire enieni a zaka kapena gawo.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Vutoli ndi losowa kwambiri . Padziko lonse lapansi, matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu anayi okha pa anthu 100,000 pachaka. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri anthu samva zambiri za matendawa.

Kodi Panhypopituitarism ingakhale yoopsa kwa moyo?

Inde, nthawi zina vutoli likhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo. Makamaka ngati hormone ya adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ili yochepa kwambiri, ikhoza kukhala yoopsa.

Chifukwa cha izi ndichakuti kusowa kwa ACTH kungayambitse vuto ladzidzidzi lotchedwa adrenal crisis . Izi zimatchedwanso "acute cortisol insufficiency". ACTH ndi yomwe imayang'anira kuchuluka kwa cortisol m'thupi lathu. Chifukwa chake ACTH ikatha, cortisol siipangidwa. Vuto la adrenal ndi vuto lomwe limafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ndipo likhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo cha moyo.

Zizindikiro za vuto la adrenal zingaphatikizepo:

• Malungo
• Kufooka kwakukulu
• Kusokonezeka (kusamveka)
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi pang'ono (hypotension)
• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (tachycardia)
• Kusanza
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Shuga wochepa m'magazi (hypoglycemia)

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani kuchipatala chapafupi nthawi yomweyo kapena imbani 1990. Izi ndi zadzidzidzi!

Kodi zizindikiro za Panhypopituitarism ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matendawa zimatha kusiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu, kutengera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni a pituitary omwe akusowa komanso momwe vutoli likukulira mofulumira kapena pang'onopang'ono.

Nazi zizindikiro zina zomwe zimapezeka mwa ana ndi akuluakulu:

• Kusanza kapena chizungulire
• Kutopa kwambiri
• Kuvutika maganizo ndi/kapena nkhawa
• Matenda opatsirana pafupipafupi
• Shuga wochepa m'magazi (hypoglycemia)
• Kulephera kupirira kuzizira
• Khungu louma modabwitsa
• Kuchepetsa thupi kapena kuwonjezeka popanda chifukwa
• Kusakhazikika kwa mafuta m'magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi (dyslipidemia)
• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu (tachycardia)
• Ludzu lochuluka komanso kukodza pafupipafupi
• Kusamba kosakhazikika kwa akazi
• Kusabereka kwa akazi
• Kusabereka kwa amuna

Palinso zizindikiro zina zomwe zimakhudza makamaka makanda obadwa kumene, makanda, ndi/kapena ana aang'ono:

• Kuchuluka kwa jaundice kwa ana obadwa kumene
• Mbolo yaying'ono mwa makanda aamuna (micropenis)
• Kukula mochedwa (osati kukula kwambiri)
• Kuchedwa kutha msinkhu

Popeza zizindikirozi zimatha kufanana ndi matenda ena, ndikofunikira kupeza matenda oyenera ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zosatha ngati izi. Chifukwa chake, pitani kwa dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti za panhypopituitarism?

Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse vutoli. Nthawi zina madokotala sangapeze chifukwa chenicheni. Izi zimatchedwa idiopathic panhypopituitarism.

Kawirikawiri, chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi chakuti hypothalamus yathu ndi/kapena pituitary gland zawonongeka mwanjira ina, zomwe zapangitsa kuti chimodzi kapena zonse ziwiri zisagwire bwino ntchito.

Kuti mumvetse zifukwa izi, muyenera kumvetsetsa pang'ono momwe hypothalamus yathu ndi pituitary gland zimagwirira ntchito limodzi.

Kugwirizana kwa hypothalamus ndi pituitary gland

Ganizirani za hypothalamus yathu, pituitary gland, ndi pituitary gland monga CEO ndi manejala wa kampani yayikulu. Pamodzi, zonsezi zimagwira ntchito ngati malo olamulira ubongo wathu (hypothalamus-pituitary complex), zomwe zimawongolera machitidwe ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi.

Hypothalamus ndi gawo la ubongo wathu lomwe limayang'anira ntchito zingapo zofunika m'thupi. Limatumiza mauthenga ku dongosolo lathu la mitsempha lodziyimira palokha. Limauzanso pituitary gland kuti "ipange mahomoni awa, iwatulutse." Mahomoni a pituitary awa amakhudza ziwalo zina za thupi.

Chiwalo cha pituitary chimalumikizidwa ku hypothalamus ndi phesi lomwe lili ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndi ulusi wa mitsempha yotchedwa ``phesi la pituitary.'' Kudzera mu phesi ili, hypothalamus imalankhulana ndi phesi la pituitary.

Hypothalamus imapanga mahomoni angapo kuti alimbikitse pituitary gland:

• Homoni yotulutsa corticotropin
• Dopamine
• Homoni yotulutsa gonadotropin
• Homoni yotulutsa mahomoni okula
• Somatostatin
• Homoni yotulutsa thyrotropin

Popeza pituitary gland ndi hypothalamus zimagwira ntchito limodzi kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa chimodzi kungakhudze ntchito ya mahomoni ya china. Ichi ndiye maziko oyambira a kukula kwa panhypopituitarism.

Zifukwa Zokhudzana ndi Pituitary Gland

Zinthu zomwe zingawononge pituitary gland ndikuyambitsa panhypopituitarism ndi izi:

• Matenda a pituitary adenomas (izi ndi zotupa zomwe sizili za khansa)
• Opaleshoni ya pituitary gland (nthawi zambiri kuchotsa ma adenomas awa)
• Chithandizo cha radiation cha pituitary adenoma
• Kuwonongeka kwa pituitary (kuwonongeka mwadzidzidzi kwa minofu ya pituitary chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi kupita ku pituitary gland kapena kutuluka magazi)
• Chiwalo cha pituitary sichikukula bwino kapena chimapangidwa molakwika pobadwa.

Zifukwa zokhudzana ndi hypothalamus

Zinthu zomwe zingawononge hypothalamus ndikuyambitsa panhypopituitarism ndi izi:

• Kuvulala kwa ubongo koopsa (TBI)
• Opaleshoni ya ubongo yomwe imachitika pafupi ndi hypothalamus kapena pafupi nayo
• Zotupa zomwe si khansa zomwe zimayamba mu hypothalamus (monga craniopharyngiomas)
• Khansa yomwe yafalikira (yomwe yafalikira) kupita ku hypothalamus kuchokera kwina kulikonse m'thupi (monga khansa ya m'mapapo, ya m'mawere)
• Hydrocephalus (kupanikizika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi mu ubongo)
• Stroke
• Matenda a meningitis oyambitsa chifuwa chachikulu

Kodi Panhypopituitarism imapezeka bwanji?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matendawa, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani kaye za zizindikiro zanu ndi mbiri yanu yachipatala, kenako adzakuyesani thupi.

Kenako, mayeso ofunikira amalamulidwa kuti atsimikizire mkhalidwe wa panhypopituitarism ndikupeza matenda ena omwe angayambitse zizindikirozi.

Kodi mayeso oyezetsa matenda ndi ati?

Madokotala nthawi zambiri amachita mayeso angapo kuti adziwe matendawa, kuphatikizapo mayeso ojambulira zithunzi ndi mayeso a kuchuluka kwa mahomoni.

Mayeso ojambula zithunzi

Panhypopituitarism imayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa hypothalamus kapena pituitary gland, ndipo mayeso ojambulira zithunzi ngati awa atha kuchitidwa kuti apeze chomwe chimayambitsa:

• Kujambula kwa ubongo (Brain MRI) (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Kujambula kwa MRI kumagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya maginito kuti apange zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za mkati mwa thupi. Kujambula kwa MRI kumaonedwa kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera zotupa za pituitary. Kungathandizenso kuzindikira mavuto ena ndi hypothalamus kapena pituitary gland.
• Kujambula ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito CT (Computed Tomography): Kujambula ubongo pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray ndi kompyuta kuti apange zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ubongo. Kuyesa kumeneku kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pofufuza khansa ya muubongo kapena pituitary adenoma. Kungathandizenso kuzindikira mavuto ena a hypothalamus kapena pituitary gland.

Mayeso a mahomoni

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za panhypopituitarism, dokotala wanu ayenera kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mahomoni aliwonse omwe amatulutsidwa ndi pituitary gland. Izi zithandiza kudziwa momwe mahomoni aliwonse alili otsika komanso kupewa matenda ena.

Ngakhale mahomoni ena a pituitary nthawi zambiri amakhalapo m'magazi mwathu pamlingo wofanana, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ena kumasintha kwambiri tsiku lonse. Chifukwa chake, mayeso ena a mahomoni amatha kuchitika ngati mayeso osavuta a magazi, pomwe ena amafunikira mayeso apadera olimbikitsa.

Mayeso a kuchuluka kwa mahomoni ndi awa:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyezetsa magazi kosavuta kumatha kuyeza mahomoni a pituitary monga thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), ndi luteinizing hormone (LH). Kungathenso kuyeza mahomoni ena omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni a pituitary, monga thyroxine, estrogen, ndi testosterone.
• Mayeso olimbikitsa ACTH:Izi zimayesa momwe ma adrenal glands anu amayankhira ku adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Izi zimaphatikizapo kukupatsani jakisoni wa ACTH yopangidwa ndi kutenga zitsanzo za magazi nthawi ndi nthawi.
• Mayeso olimbikitsa kukula kwa mahomoni (GH): Pa mayesowa, dokotala wanu adzakulowetsani jakisoni wa mankhwala. Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa pituitary gland kuti itulutse mahomoni okulitsa. Kenako, magazi anu adzatengedwa ndipo milingo yanu ya GH idzayesedwa.
• Kuyesa kulekerera insulin: Kuyesa kumeneku kumathandiza kuzindikira kusowa kwa mahomoni okulira (GH) ndi ACTH.

Kodi Panhypopituitarism imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha vutoli chimasiyana malinga ndi munthu aliyense. Zimatengera momwe mahomoni a pituitary alili otsika komanso chomwe chimayambitsa. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la chithandizo ndi la munthu payekha. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzasankha dongosolo labwino kwambiri la chithandizo kwa inu.

Njira zina zochiritsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:

• Chithandizo chobwezeretsa mahomoni: Cholinga cha izi ndikubwezeretsa mahomoni a pituitary omwe atha mphamvu kufika pamlingo wabwinobwino. Anthu omwe ali ndi panhypopituitarism adzafunika chithandizo chobwezeretsa mahomoni kwa moyo wawo wonse pokhapokha ngati chifukwa chake chitha kuchiritsidwa. Mankhwala ena obwezeretsa mahomoni amatengedwa ngati mapiritsi, pomwe ena amaperekedwa ngati jakisoni.
• Opaleshoni: Ngati vutoli layamba chifukwa cha chotupa cha muubongo kapena pituitary adenoma, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni opaleshoni kuti muchotse chotupacho.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Ngati vutoli layamba chifukwa cha khansa ya muubongo kapena pituitary adenoma, chithandizo cha radiation chingalimbikitsidwe kuti chichiritse kapena kuchepetsa chotupacho.
• Corticosteroids: Mungafunike kumwa mankhwala ambiri a corticosteroids musanayambe kapena panthawi iliyonse yomwe imayambitsa kupsinjika kwa thupi kapena maganizo. Zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika kwa thupi zimaphatikizapo matenda, matenda, ndi opaleshoni. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti alowe m'malo mwa mahomoni a adrenal omwe sapangidwa chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ACTH. Mahomoni awa ndi ofunikira thupi likamavutika.

Kodi Panhypopituitarism ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Nthawi zina, panhypopituitarism imatha kuthetsedwa pochiza chomwe chimayambitsa (monga, kuchotsa opaleshoni ya pituitary adenoma yomwe inali kukanikizidwa pa pituitary gland, ngati glandyo sinawonongeke). Komabe, nthawi zambiri , kusowa kwa mahomoni komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha panhypopituitarism kumafuna chithandizo cha moyo wonse.

Kodi vutoli lingapewedwe?

Nthawi zambiri, palibe njira yopewera panhypopituitarism. Komabe, ngati muli pachiwopsezo cha vutoli, pali njira zodziwira msanga.

Ngati mwakumanapo ndi chilichonse mwa izi, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga panhypopituitarism:

• Ngati mwachitidwa opaleshoni ya ubongo kapena pituitary gland.
• Ngati mwalandira chithandizo cha radiation ku ubongo ndi/kapena pituitary gland.
• Ngati ubongo wagwidwa ndi ngozi (kuvulala kwa ubongo komwe kwachitika mwadzidzidzi).
• Ngati mukudwala hydrocephalus (madzimadzi ochulukirapo muubongo).

Ngati muli pachiwopsezo, dokotala wanu nthawi zambiri amalangiza kuti muwone momwe pituitary gland yanu imagwirira ntchito komanso thanzi lake.

Kodi matenda a panhypopituitarism ndi otani?

Chiyembekezo cha matendawa, kutanthauza momwe wodwalayo adzakhalire mtsogolo, chimadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Kuchuluka kwa homoni iliyonse ya pituitary kumakhala kochepa.
• Zaka zanu pamene matendawa anayamba.
• Kodi vutoli lidzakula pang'onopang'ono kapena mofulumira?
• Kodi matendawa angadziwike mwachangu bwanji ndipo chithandizo chimayamba bwanji?

Panhypopituitarism yapezeka kuti ikugwirizana ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa moyo ndi nthawi ya moyo.

Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kunenepa kwambiri, kuchepa kwa thupi lochepa, komanso matenda a mtima. Angakhalenso pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a osteoporosis (kuchepa kwa mafupa) komanso kusweka kwa mafupa.

Komabe, kuchiza m'malo mwa mahomoni mosamala komanso mokwanira komanso kuyang'anira mosamala zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mtima kungathandize kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zabwino. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti ngati muli ndi vuto la panhypopituitarism?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za panhypopituitarism, kapena mwapezeka ndi vutoli, mwina mungafunike kuonana ndi dokotala wa endocrinologist, dokotala yemwe ndi katswiri wochiza matenda okhudzana ndi mahomoni.

Muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wanu wa matenda a endocrinologist nthawi zonse m'moyo wanu wonse kuti muwonetsetse kuti chithandizo chanu chobwezeretsa mahomoni chikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kupewa kulowetsa mahomoni mopitirira muyeso.

Ndizachibadwa kuchita mantha mukalandira matenda atsopano. Koma musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso okhudza panhypopituitarism. Popeza nthawi zambiri imafuna chithandizo cha moyo wonse komanso kuyang'aniridwa ndi mahomoni, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse. Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zodetsa nkhawa, dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo. Alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Zinthu zofunika kuzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule zina mwa zinthu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana:

• Panhypopituitarism ndi vuto losowa koma loopsa lomwe mahomoni onse opangidwa ndi pituitary gland amachepa.
• Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri za izi, makamaka kuwonongeka kwa pituitary gland kapena hypothalamus.
• Zizindikiro zimasiyana, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zinthu zomwe zingawononge moyo monga vuto la adrenal zimatha kuchitika. Chifukwa chake, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muli ndi zizindikiro.
• Zinthu monga kuyezetsa magazi ndi MRI/CT scan ndizofunikira kuti munthu adziwe matenda molondola.
• Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chithandizo cholowa m'malo mwa mahomoni kwa moyo wonse.
• Mwa kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi dokotala wanu ndikupeza mayeso ndi chithandizo choyenera, mutha kukhala bwino ndi vutoli.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Kumbukirani, simuli nokha, ndipo madokotala ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Panhypopituitarism , pituitary gland, kusowa kwa mahomoni, hypothalamus, chithandizo cha mahomoni, zotupa za muubongo, ACTH