Chotupa mkamwa? Tiyeni tiphunzire za khansa ya m'malovu mwachidule.

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo chinthu ngati chotupa chaching'ono mkamwa mwanu, pa tsaya lanu, kapena pansi pa nsagwada yanu? Sichingapweteke nkomwe poyamba. Nthawi zambiri, sitimayang'anira kwambiri zinthu ngati izi, kuganiza kuti, "Mwina ndi chotupa chabe, chidzachira chokha." Komabe, nthawi zina ngakhale chinthu chaching'ono ngati ichi chingakhale chiyambi cha chinthu chomwe tiyenera kuda nkhawa nacho. Lero tikambirana za chinthu chonga ichi. Ndi khansa yomwe imapezeka m'malovu, ndiko kuti, khansa ya malovu . Musadandaule, tidzakambirana chilichonse mosavuta komanso momveka bwino.

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone, kodi ma glands a malovu awa ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, tinthu ta m'malovu ndi tinthu ta m'kamwa ndi pakhosi pathu timene timatulutsa malovu. Tikamadya, malovu amenewa ndi omwe amathandiza kuyambitsa kugaya chakudya. Malovu ndi ofunikiranso kuti pakamwa pakhale ponyowa, polankhula, komanso pomeza chakudya.

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ma glands a malovu mkamwa mwathu.

• Ma glands a parotid: Awa ndi ma glands akuluakulu a malovu. Ali mkati mwa masaya, kutsogolo kwa makutu.
• Ma glands a submandibular: Awa ali pansi pa fupa lathu la nsagwada.
• Ma glands a sublingual: Awa ali pansi pa lilime, pansi pa pakamwa.

Kuwonjezera pa tiziwalo timeneti, palinso tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta malovu tomwe sitingathe kuoneka ndi maso, pakamwa pathu, m'milomo yathu, m'masaya mwathu, pa lilime lathu, m'mphuno mwathu, komanso pakhosi pathu.

Choncho, khansa ya m'malovu ndi matenda a khansa omwe amapezeka mu chilichonse mwa ma toni omwe tangokambirana kumene. Pakhoza kukhala mitundu iwiri ya zotupa izi. Zina ndi zotupa zopanda khansa (zoipa) . Mtundu wina ndi zotupa za khansa (zoopsa) . Tikulankhula kwambiri za zotupa za khansa masiku ano.

Kodi khansa iyi ndi yofala?

Ayi. Ndipotu, khansa ya m'malovu ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa khansa. Imakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 1%, cha khansa zonse za m'mutu ndi pakhosi.

Pakati pa izi, mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino ndi `(mucoepidermoid carcinoma)` ndi `(adenoid cystic carcinoma)`. Mitundu iwiriyi imapanga theka la khansa zonse zomwe zimayamba m'malovu.

Zambiri mwa zotupazi, za khansa komanso zopanda khansa, zimayambira m'matenda a parotid, omwe amapezeka mkati mwa masaya. Komabe, ngati zotupazo zikukula m'matenda ang'onoang'ono a malovu, zimakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi khansa.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi?

Ngakhale kuti vutoli limatha kufalikira mwa aliyense, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Amuna ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a khansa kuposa akazi.

Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo ndi izi:

• Zaka zoposa 55:Pamene tikukalamba, chiopsezo cha khansa imeneyi chimawonjezeka, monga momwe matenda ena ambiri amachitira.
• Kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa: Si zachilendo kuti kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa zambiri. Choncho izi zikugwiranso ntchito pa izi.
• Kulandira chithandizo cha radiation kumutu kapena pakhosi: Ngati mwalandira chithandizo cha radiation kumutu kapena pakhosi chifukwa cha vuto lina, makamaka khansa ina, chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'malovu mtsogolo chikhoza kuwonjezeka.
• Ntchito zina: Kafukufuku wapeza kuti anthu omwe amagwira ntchito yokonza mapaipi, kupanga labala, migodi ya asbestos, ndi kupanga zikopa akhoza kukhala ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa iyi. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha mankhwala omwe amapezeka nawo.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali chikhulupiriro chakuti mitundu ina yosowa ya khansa ya m'malovu ndi yofala kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda enaake a kachilombo, monga kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr ndi kachilombo ka Human Papilloma (HPV). Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mavairasi amenewa ndi omwe amayambitsa khansa. Kafukufuku wokhudza izi akupitirirabe.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa iyi ndi ziti?

Kawirikawiri, chizindikiro chachikulu komanso choyamba cha khansa ya m'malovu ndi chotupa chosapweteka mkamwa, m'tsaya, pansi pa nsagwada, kapena pakhosi. Ichi ndi chinthu choyamba chomwe anthu ambiri amazindikira.

Komabe, si zotupa zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi khansa. Komabe, ngati ndi khansa, zizindikiro zina zingawonekere pakapita nthawi. Muyenera kudziwa bwino izi.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi?

Mukapita kwa dokotala, chinthu choyamba chimene angachite ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu kenako nkukuyesani. Adzamva zotupa mkamwa mwanu, pakhosi panu, komanso pansi pa nsagwada yanu. Adzayang'ananso momwe mitsempha ya nkhope yanu imagwirira ntchito.

Pambuyo pake, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mayeso ena angapo kuti titsimikizire matendawa.

• CT Scan: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito X-ray kuti zipange zithunzi zomveka bwino za zotupa mkati mwa malovu. Zingathe kudziwa kukula ndi malo a chotupacho, komanso ngati khansa yafalikira (yafalikira) kumadera ena, monga mapapo kapena mafupa.
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito ndi mafunde a wailesi kuti zijambule zithunzi zomveka bwino za mkati mwa thupi. MRI ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti ione ngati khansa yafalikira ku minofu yofewa monga minofu, mitsempha yamagazi, ndi mitsempha.
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron Emission Tomography): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochepa zowunikira kuti zizindikire komwe kuli maselo a khansa. Izi zimathandiza kudziwa ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes kapena mbali zina zakutali za thupi.
• Kuyeza magazi: Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira 100% ngati ndi khansa kapena ayi. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu kapena madzi ochokera pachotupacho ndi singano ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu mu labotale. Izi zidzakuuzani ngati chili ndi maselo a khansa kapena ayi.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Dokotala wanu akatsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi otani, adzasankha chithandizo choyenera kwa inu. Izi zidzadalira zinthu monga mtundu wa chotupa, kukula kwake, ngati chafalikira, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

Kawirikawiri, chithandizo chachikulu ndi kuchotsa chotupacho kudzera mu opaleshoni.

Mankhwala atsopano

Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala akuluakulu awa, dokotala wanu angakuuzeninso za mankhwala atsopano angapo omwe akadali mu gawo lofufuza.

• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Kupereka mankhwala omwe amathandiza chitetezo cha mthupi lathu kuzindikira ndi kuukira maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi kufooka kwina kwa maselo a khansa.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu: Mankhwala omwe amapangitsa maselo a khansa kukhala omasuka ku chithandizo cha radiation. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha radiation.

Kodi khansa iyi ingachiritsidwe kwathunthu?

Inde. Nthawi zambiri, khansa ya m'malovu imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ngati yapezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino . Zotsatira zake zimadalira zinthu zingapo.

• Kodi chotupacho ndi chachikulu bwanji?
• Kodi khansa yafalikira kumadera ena?
• Kodi khansa ili mu chotupa chiti cha malovu?
• Chikhalidwe cha maselo a khansa (momwe alili aukali)
• Thanzi lanu lonse

Mwachitsanzo, ngati khansa imangopezeka m'malovu okha, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa zaka 5 kumakhala kokwera kufika pa 94%. Komabe, ngati khansa yafalikira, kuchulukako kumachepa.