Chilichonse chokhudza stethoscope ndi chosavuta! Kodi dokotala amakumvera chifukwa chiyani?

Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, kapena kuchipatala, chinthu chimodzi chomwe mudzachiwona ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe chili pakhosi pa dokotala kapena patebulo. Inde, inde, chomwe mumayika pa khutu lanu ndi kumapeto kwina pachifuwa kapena kumbuyo kwanu ndikumvetsera. Ndicho chomwe timachitcha stethoscope . Nthawi zina mungaganize kuti, "Kanthu kakang'ono aka komwe mukumvetsera ndi chiyani?" Ngakhale kuti kangawoneke ngati chipangizo chosavuta, ndi chida chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chomwe chingathandize dokotala kudziwa zambiri za zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi lanu. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za stethoscope iyi.

Kodi stethoscope ndi chiyani? Imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mwachidule, stethoscope ndi chipangizo chomwe akatswiri azaumoyo monga madokotala ndi anamwino amagwiritsa ntchito kumvetsera mawu ochokera m'thupi lanu . Mawu amenewa angakupatseni lingaliro la thanzi lanu, makamaka momwe mtima wanu ukugwirira ntchito, ngati mapapu anu akugwira ntchito bwino, komanso ngati magazi akuyenda bwino m'mitsempha yanu yamagazi .

Mukapita kwa dokotala, mwina mwawonapo dokotala akutenga stethoscope ndikuyika gawo laling'ono lozungulira pachifuwa panu, kumbuyo, m'mimba ndikuyang'ana malo osiyanasiyana. Mukuuzidwa kuti mupume pang'onopang'ono ndikutulutsa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina dokotala amangogwedeza mutu kenako nkupita ku mayeso otsatira. Koma nthawi zina, ngati awona kusintha pang'ono, angafufuze zambiri.

Mu zamankhwala, kumvetsera mawu mkati mwa thupi kumatchedwa ``Auscultation .'' Iyi ndiyo ntchito yaikulu ya stethoscope.

Kodi dokotala amamvetsera chiyani ndi stethoscope iyi?

Matupi athu amapanga mawu osiyanasiyana nthawi zonse. Tangoganizirani mtima wanu ukugunda ngati phokoso la "lub-dub". Awa ndi mawu wamba. Koma pali mawu ena omwe si achilendo. Ngati mumva mawu osazolowereka otere, zikutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala vuto lomwe likufunika chisamaliro, komanso mwina chithandizo.

Ndi stethoscope, dokotala amatha kumva makamaka:

• Phokoso la mtima: Kuwonjezera pa kayimbidwe ndi liwiro la mtima, mungamvenso phokoso lachilendo monga ``Heart Murmurs``. Phokosoli ndi phokoso lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha mavuto a ma valve a mtima kapena kusintha kwa momwe magazi amayendera.
• Phokoso la m'mapapo: Phokoso lomwe mumapanga mukamapuma ndi kutuluka. Kuwonjezera pa phokoso la kupuma bwino, mungamvenso phokoso losazolowereka monga ``Wheezing`` (phokoso la mluzu mukamapuma, lomwe limamveka m'matenda monga mphumu) ndi ``Stridor``` (phokoso lamphamvu komanso lokwera kwambiri mukamapuma).
• Matumbo: Matumbo anu amapanga mawu akamagwira ntchito. Nthawi zina, mumapanga mawu mukakhala ndi njala, sichoncho? Komanso, m'matenda ena, mawu ochokera m'matumbo anu amatha kusintha. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kupanga mawu ochulukirapo (kudandaula) kapena mawu okwera (mawu okwera).
• Mawonekedwe a mtsempha wamagazi:Mungathe kumva phokoso la magazi akuyenda kudzera m'mitsempha ya carotid, makamaka m'khosi. Nthawi zina, ngati mitsempha yachepa, phokoso lachilendo (`(Carotid Bruit)`) lingamveke pamene magazi akuyenda kudzera m'mitsemphayo.

Chofunika: Dokotala sangakuuzeni nthawi yomweyo vutolo kapena kuti ndi lalikulu bwanji akamva phokoso lachilendo ngati ili. Komabe, zimakupatsani chizindikiro chakuti chinachake sichili bwino. Pokhapokha, ngati pakufunika, mayeso ena adzachitidwa kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa ndikukonzekera chithandizo. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, stethoscope ndiye gawo loyamba komanso lofunika kwambiri pozindikira matenda . Koma nthawi zambiri si gawo lokhalo.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma stethoscope?

Inde, pali mitundu ingapo ya ma stethoscope omwe dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito.

Stethoscope Yachikhalidwe (Stethoscope Yofanana)

Uwu ndi mtundu womwe ambiri a ife tawaonapo ndipo madokotala ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito. Umatchedwanso stethoscope yakale . Ndi njira yodziwika bwino komanso yodziwika bwino yomvera mawu mkati mwa thupi.

Palibe zipangizo zamagetsi kapena zamagetsi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Phokoso limachokera mwachindunji mkati mwa thupi lanu ndipo limayenda kudzera m'machubu osinthasintha kupita ku khutu la dokotala. Dokotala amamvetsera phokosolo ndipo amasankha zomwe zikuchitika.

Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma stethoscope achikhalidwe awa. Mwachitsanzo, pali ma stethoscope a ana omwe amapangidwira kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ndi ana aang'ono ndipo ali ndi zigawo zazing'ono.

Stethoscope yamagetsi

Iyi ndi mtundu wapamwamba pang'ono wa stethoscope. Yapangidwa kuti imve mawu mkati mwa thupi momveka bwino komanso mokweza . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, imakulitsa mawu. Mawu ena omwe amamveka pang'onopang'ono, mwachitsanzo, "Mtima Wodandaula" wina, amatha kumvedwa mosavuta ndi izi.

Komanso, stethoscope iyi ili ndi ukadaulo womwe umachepetsa phokoso lakumbuyo, kotero dokotala amatha kumva mawu okhawo omwe akufuna kumva bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kujambula mawuwo ndikumvetsera pambuyo pake kapena kugawana ndi dokotala wina.

Stethoscope ya digito

Iyi ndi stethoscope yokhala ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri. Imathanso kujambula mawu ofewa bwino ndikuchotsa phokoso losafunikira. Monga stethoscope yamagetsi, imathanso kujambula mawu.

Koma chapadera pa izi ndichakuti zimatha kusintha mawu omwe amveka kuchokera pamenepo kukhala zithunzi, monga ma graph . Mwanjira imeneyi, dokotala amatha kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa thupi. Komanso, deta iyi ikhoza kutumizidwa ku makompyuta kapena zida zina ndikuwunikidwa ndi mapulogalamu apadera kuti mudziwe zambiri. Komanso, deta iyi ikhoza kugawidwa ndi madokotala anu ena ndikuthandizira kugwirizanitsa chithandizo chanu.

M'tsogolomu, madokotala ambiri mwina adzagwiritsa ntchito ma stethoscope amagetsi ndi a digito awa. Pakadali pano, ma stethoscope achikhalidwe ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo amathabe kupatsa dokotala chidziwitso chofunikira.

Kodi stethoscope yaying'ono iyi imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Stethoscope imagwira ntchito potenga mawu ochokera mkati mwa thupi lanu ndikutumiza kudzera mu chubu chopanda kanthu kupita ku khutu la dokotala. Sayansi ya mawu ndi yovuta pang'ono, koma mwachidule, pamene chinachake chikuyenda mkati mwa thupi lanu, chimapanga kugwedezeka. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumapangitsa tinthu tomwe tili m'dera lozungulira kuti tigundane, zomwe zimapangitsa mafunde a mawu . Machubu omwe ali mu stethoscope ali ngati ngalande yomwe imanyamula mafunde a mawu awa.

Khutu la dokotala likalandira mafunde awa, amamasuliridwa kukhala mawu odziwika bwino - mwachitsanzo, phokoso la "whoosh" la kung'ung'udza kwa mtima kapena mluzu wapamwamba wa stridor.

Kuti zonsezi zitheke, magawo osiyanasiyana a stethoscope amagwira ntchito limodzi.

Kodi ziwalo za stethoscope ndi ziti?

Stethoscope yachikhalidwe (yofanana) ili ndi magawo akuluakulu angapo:

• Chidutswa cha pachifuwa:

Imeneyi ndi gawo lomwe dokotala amaika pang'onopang'ono pakhungu lanu (nthawi zambiri pachifuwa panu, komanso kumbuyo kwanu, m'mimba, ndi pakhosi). Limapangidwa ndi chitsulo ndi pulasitiki. Monga ndalama, chidutswa cha pachifuwachi nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mbali ziwiri: diaphragm ndi belu . Dokotala amatha kusuntha ziwirizi kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kuti amve mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu.

• Diaphragm: Iyi ndi gawo lozungulira komanso lathyathyathya. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumva mawu okwera (monga phokoso la kupuma, mawu ena a m'mimba, kapena kulira kwa mtima).
• Bell: Iyi ndi gawo laling'ono, looneka ngati chikho lomwe lili ndi dzenje. Nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito kumva mawu otsika (monga, mawu ena a mtima, ena a mtima, ena a mitsempha yamagazi).

Ndodo yaing'ono yachitsulo (tsinde) imatuluka pachifuwa ichi ndikulumikizana ndi chubu.

• Kupaka mapaipi:

Iyi ndi chubu chopindika komanso chosinthasintha. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatenga mawu kuchokera pachifuwa kupita ku khutu la dokotala. Machubu awa amasiyananso kapangidwe kake, koma nthawi zambiri chubu chimodzi chimachokera pachifuwa, chimapita mtunda waufupi, kenako chimagawika m'machubu awiri okhala ndi mawonekedwe a Y. Machubu awiri osinthasintha awa amalumikizidwa ku machubu achitsulo a khutu.

• Machubu a makutu:

Umu ndi momwe mawuwo amalowera mwachindunji ku khutu la dokotala. Pali machubu awiri achitsulo, limodzi la khutu lililonse. Pali kukangana pang'ono pakati pa awa. Dokotala amatha kusuntha machubu awiriwa pafupi kapena kutali kuti agwirizane ndi nkhope yake. Chubu chilichonse cha khutu chili ndi nsonga yaying'ono yofewa kumapeto (monga momwe ma earbuds amagwiritsidwira ntchito pomvera nyimbo). Nsonga za khutu izi zimayikidwa mwamphamvu m'khutu la dokotala.

Ma stethoscope apakompyuta ndi a digito ali ndi zigawo zoyambira zomwezi. Simungamve kusiyana kwakukulu dokotala akamakufufuzani ndi iwo. Koma ma stethoscope apamwamba awa ali ndi zida zina zaukadaulo zomwe zimakulitsa mawu ndikuchita zinthu monga kuwajambula.

Ndani anayambitsa stethoscope?

Stethoscope idapangidwa koyamba mu 1816 ndi dokotala waku France dzina lake René Laennec . Koma chida chomwe adapanga - chubu chosavuta chamatabwa - chinali chosiyana kwambiri ndi stethoscope yomwe dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano. Izi zili choncho chifukwa patapita nthawi, madokotala ena angapo adasintha kapangidwe kake. Kapangidwe koyambira ka stethoscope komwe timawona lero kadapangidwa m'ma 1960 ndi dokotala waku America dzina lake David Littmann .

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe tiyenera kuphunzira kuchokera pa izi

Mukachita mantha kupita kwa dokotala, kapena kuyembekezera nkhani zokhudza wokondedwa wanu, mwina simuganizira kwambiri za zipangizo zomwe madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito. Ndipo mwina simusamala momwe zipangizozo zimagwirira ntchito - bola ngati zikugwira ntchito.

Koma, kudziwa pang'ono za chipangizo monga stethoscope kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa momwe kuphatikiza ukadaulo ndi ukatswiri wa dokotala zingakhalire ndi gawo lamphamvu poteteza thanzi lanu . N'zodabwitsa kuganizira kuchuluka kwa sayansi ndi phindu lomwe lili mu chipangizochi, sichoncho? Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina dokotala akayika stethoscope pachifuwa panu, ndikukhulupirira kuti mudzakumbukira izi!

Stethoscope , zida zachipatala, kugunda kwa mtima, mawu a m'mapapo, kuzindikira matenda, kumvetsera mawu, mawu a thupi