Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa mukapeza chotupa chatsopano kapena chotupa china pathupi lanu. Anthu ambiri akamamva mawu oti "chotupa," nthawi yomweyo amaganiza za "khansa." Koma kodi zotupa zonse ndi khansa? Ayi. Nthawi zambiri, sizili zoopsa. Choncho tiyeni tikambirane izi momveka bwino, mwachidule, komanso mosavuta kumva.
Mwachidule, kodi chotupa n’chiyani?
Ndi zophweka kwambiri. Matupi athu amapangidwa ndi mabiliyoni ambiri a maselo ang'onoang'ono. Maselo amenewa amagawikana nthawi zonse kuti apange maselo atsopano, ndipo maselo akale, owonongeka, akufa. Iyi ndi njira yachibadwa. Koma nthawi zina njira imeneyi imasokonekera.
Chomwe chimachitika ndichakuti maselo akale safa ndikuyamba kukula, kapena maselo atsopano amakula mofulumira kwambiri. Kukula kosazolowereka kwa maselo ndi chomwe timachitcha chotupa, kapena m'mawu azachipatala, chotupa. Izi zimatha kupangika kulikonse m'thupi lathu - pakhungu, mafupa, tiziwalo ta m'mimba, ziwalo. Zitha kukhala zazing'ono kapena zazikulu.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti, musachite mantha mukamva mawu oti "chotupa." Pali mitundu ina ya chotupacho. Tiyeni tiwone zimenezo tsopano.
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya zotupa:
Mmene chotupa chilili komanso ngati chimatikhudza kapena ayi zimadalira mtundu wake. Tiyeni timvetse bwino mitundu iyi. Kuti izi zikhale zosavuta kuzimvetsa, ndiziwonetsa patebulo ngati ili.
| Mtundu wa chotupa | Kufotokoza mwachidule |
|---|---|
| Zotupa zopanda khansa (zosavulaza) | Izi ndi mitundu yofala kwambiri. Sizimayambitsa khansa. Zimakhalabe pomwe zili ndipo sizifalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Chifukwa chake, sizimaika moyo pachiswe. Nthawi zambiri, sizifunikira chithandizo. Komabe, nthawi zina zimatha kukula ndikukankhira chiwalo kapena mitsempha yapafupi, ndipo zingafunike kuchotsedwa opaleshoni. |
| Chotupa choopsa | Izi ndi zomwe timazitcha "khansa." Maselo omwe ali m'matendawa amatha kulowa m'minofu yozungulira. Komanso, maselo amatha kuchoka pa chotupa choyambirira, kuyenda m'magazi kapena m'thupi, ndikupanga zotupa zatsopano m'mbali zina za thupi (monga mapapo, chiwindi). Timatcha izi kuti metastasis. Izi zitha kukhala zoopsa. Koma ngati zapezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino, khansa zambiri zimatha kuchiritsidwa. |
| Zotupa zisanachitike khansa | Izi si khansa pakadali pano, koma ngati sizichiritsidwa, zitha kukhala khansa mtsogolo. Maselo omwe ali m'maselowa ndi osazolowereka ndipo amagawikana mwachangu. Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mawu monga hyperplasia kapena dysplasia pofotokoza matenda awa. Madokotala amaonetsetsa kukula kumeneku ndikuchiza ngati pakufunika kutero. |
Kodi chotupa ndi chotupa ndi zinthu zosiyana?
Inde, musasokoneze awiriwa.
- Chotupa ndi chotupa cha minofu yolimba.
- Chiphuphu ndi thumba lodzaza ndi madzi, mpweya, kapena zinthu zina.
Nthawi zambiri, ma cysts si khansa. Koma simungathe kusankha nokha ngati chotupa chomwe mwapeza ndi chotupa kapena chotupa. Kuti mudziwe bwino, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala.
Kodi zizindikiro za chotupa ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza ngati muli ndi chotupa zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe chili, kukula kwake, komanso ngati ndi khansa. Nthawi zina, mumatha kuchimva, ngati chotupa m'mawere anu. Nthawi zina, ngati chili pafupi ndi pamwamba pa khungu, chingawoneke ngati chotupa.
Koma si zotupa zonse zomwe zimamveka kapena kuoneka. Sitingadziwe kuti zili mkati mwa thupi. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro izi zodziwika bwino zingawonekere:
- Kutopa kwambiri popanda chifukwa
- Kumva kutentha thupi kapena kuzizira
- Thukuta la usiku
- Kutaya chilakolako cha chakudya kapena kuchepa thupi kosaneneka
- Mabowo ena amatha kupweteka (koma si onse omwe amapweteka).
Kodi chotupa chimamveka bwanji m'dzanja?
Ngati chotupa chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala chovuta kumva ndipo chimamveka ngati chatsekeredwa pamalo amodzi ndipo sichingasunthike mosavuta, ndiye kuti chimakhala ndi khansa. Komabe, izi si lamulo. Zotupa zina zosavulaza zimathanso kukhala zolimba.
Choncho, chinthu chabwino komanso chotetezeka kuchita ndikupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikupita kuchipatala ngati muwona chotupa chatsopano, kutupa, kapena kusintha m'thupi lanu, osayesa kudzipezera nokha.
N’chifukwa chiyani zotupa zimenezi zimayamba? Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli?
Monga ndanenera kale, zotupa zimayamba chifukwa cha vuto la kugawikana kwa maselo athu. N'zovuta kudziwa chifukwa chimodzi chokha, koma pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zapezeka zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo.
- Kusintha kwa majini: Majini ena, monga jini ya khansa ya m'mawere (BRCA), amatha kusinthidwa, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi zotupa za khansa.
- Matenda a chibadwidwe: Matenda ena, monga matenda a Lynch, amabadwa nawo ndipo angayambitse matenda otupa.
- Mbiri ya banja lanu ya khansa: Ngati m'modzi mwa achibale anu apamtima (amayi, abambo, abale anu) adadwala khansa yamtundu winawake (monga khansa ya m'mawere, khansa ya prostate), inunso muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
- Kusuta fodya komanso kusuta fodya.
- Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.
- Kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala enaake oopsa: zinthu monga benzene ndi asbestos.
- Kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zowononga mphamvu ya dzuwa.
- Mitundu ina ya mavairasi: Mwachitsanzo, HPV (Human Papillomavirus) ingayambitse khansa ya pachibelekero.
- Kunenepa kwambiri.
Kodi chotupa chimapezeka bwanji molondola?
Mukapita kwa dokotala, adzakuyesani ndikukufunsani za chotupacho. Kenako, angakuyeseni kuti adziwe ngati ndi khansa kapena ayi.
| Mtundu wa mayeso | Kodi izi zimachita chiyani? |
|---|---|
| Kufufuza za thupi | Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri komanso yotsimikizika yoyezera. Imafuna kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu kuchokera pa chotupacho ndikuchiyang'ana pansi pa maikulosikopu kuti mudziwe ngati maselo omwe ali mmenemo ndi khansa kapena ayi. |
| Kuyezetsa magazi | Mu mitundu ina ya khansa, mapuloteni apadera m'magazi (otchedwa zizindikiro za chotupa) amawonjezeka. Kuyeza izi kungatsimikizire kuti munthu akukayikira khansa. |
| Kujambula zithunzi | Izi zimathandiza kuona chotupa mkati mwa thupi. Zimatha kudziwa kukula kwake, komwe chili, komanso ngati chafalikira ku ziwalo zapafupi. Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito X-ray, CT scans, MRI scans, kapena PET scans. |
Kodi mankhwala a khansa ndi otani?
Njira yochiritsira imadalira zinthu zambiri, monga mtundu wa chotupa (khansa kapena ayi), kukula kwake, komwe chili, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.
Kwa zotupa zomwe si khansa (zosavulaza):
Nthawi zambiri, izi sizifuna chithandizo chilichonse . Dokotala amangonena kuti muziyang'anira. Komabe, monga ndanenera kale, ngati zakula ndikukankhira chiwalo chofunikira monga ubongo kapena mapapo, kapena ngati zayambitsa ululu, zitha kuchotsedwa ndi opaleshoni.
Kwa zotupa zoopsa:
Pali njira zambiri zochizira khansa. Nthawi zina chithandizo chimodzi kapena kuphatikiza njira zina zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
- Opaleshoni: Kuchotsa chotupa ndi malo ochepa a minofu yozungulira.
- Chithandizo cha radiation: Kugwiritsa ntchito radiation, monga X-ray yamphamvu kwambiri, kuwononga maselo a khansa.
- Chemotherapy: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa kapena kuletsa kukula kwawo. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa zotupa musanachite opaleshoni kapena kupha maselo ena onse a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni.
- Chithandizo cha mahomoni: Mitundu ina ya khansa (monga bere, prostate) imadalira mahomoni. Chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito poletsa ntchito ya mahomoni amenewo.
- Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu kuti chilimbane ndi maselo a khansa.
- Chithandizo cholunjika: Kupereka mankhwala omwe amakhudza mamolekyu enaake omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula ndi kufalikira, ndikuletsa ntchito yawo.
Kodi chotupa chingalepheretsedwe kupanga?
Popeza zotupa zambiri zimayamba popanda chifukwa chomveka, sizingapeweke 100%. Komabe, tingachepetse chiopsezo chathu mwa kusintha moyo wathu.
- Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu.
- Chepetsani kapena siyani kumwa mowa kotheratu.
- Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi zokhala ndi ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndi nyemba.
- Khalani otanganidwa, chita masewera olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse.
- Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera komwe kungakuyenerereni.
- Chepetsani chiopsezo chanu chotenga HPV mwa kulandira katemera, monga katemera wa HPV, ndikuchita zogonana zodzitetezera.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira zotupa za khansa pachiyambi . Kuwunika nthawi zonse malinga ndi msinkhu kumathandiza kwambiri pankhaniyi.
- Mammogram: Kwa akazi azaka zapakati pa 40-50, ngati chiopsezo chili chapakati.
- Kuyezetsa prostate: Kwa amuna azaka zapakati pa 45-50, kutengera chiopsezo.
- Colonoscopy: Kwa khansa ya m'matumbo, mukatha zaka 45 ngati chiopsezo chili chapakati.
Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndipo funsani upangiri pa mayeso oyenera kwa inu komanso nthawi yoti muwayese.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Musachite mantha mukamva mawu oti "chotupa." Si zotupa zonse zomwe ndi khansa. Zambiri zimakhala zabwino.
- Ngati muwona chotupa chatsopano, kutupa, kapena kusintha kulikonse pathupi lanu, musachinyalanyaze, koma chiwonetseni kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati chotupa chili ndi khansa kapena ayi ndikuchita biopsy.
- Ngakhale chotupa chitakhala khansa, ngati chapezeka msanga, chingachiritsidwe bwino kapena kuthetsedwa ndi mankhwala apamwamba amakono.
- Chiwopsezo cha matenda a chotupa chingachepe ngati munthu atsatira moyo wathanzi komanso akamayesedwa malinga ndi msinkhu wake.
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