Kodi mukumvanso kupweteka m'mimba komanso kutuluka magazi? Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha Ulcerative Colitis (UC).

Kodi nthawi zambiri mumafunika kupita kuchimbudzi? Kodi m'mimba mwanu mumapweteka ngati mpeni? Kodi munayamba mwaonapo magazi pang'ono m'chimbudzi chanu? Musanyalanyaze zinthuzi ngati zachilendo. Chifukwa zitha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda otchedwa Ulcerative Colitis (UC), omwe amafunika chisamaliro. Musachite mantha, si oopsa monga momwe mukuganizira. Tiyeni tikambirane izi m'njira yosavuta komanso yochezeka ndipo tifotokozere zonse momveka bwino.

Mwachidule, kodi Ulcerative Colitis (UC) ndi chiyani?

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) ndi matenda omwe amakhalapo kwa moyo wonse omwe ndi osachiritsika koma amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino. Amayambitsa kutupa ndi zilonda zazing'ono (zilonda) m'matumbo athu akuluakulu (m'mimba) ndi m'matumbo. Mwachidule, mkati mwa matumbo mumayamba kutupa ndi kupweteka.

UC ndi imodzi mwa matenda awiri akuluakulu omwe ali m'gulu la matenda otchedwa Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) . Ina ndi matenda a Crohn. Munthu amene ali ndi UC angakumane ndi zizindikiro monga kutsegula m'mimba pafupipafupi, kupweteka m'mimba, komanso magazi m'chimbudzi.

Mtundu wa matendawa ndi wakuti nthawi zina samakhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana.

• Kuphulika kwa matenda: Panthawiyi, zizindikiro zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
• Kukhululukidwa (nthawi ya kukhululukidwa): Munthawi imeneyi, mutha kukhala moyo wabwinobwino popanda zizindikiro.

Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo ndi kuchepetsa kuphulika kwa matenda ndikuwonjezera nthawi yochira momwe zingathere.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya UC ndi iti?

Madokotala amagawa UC kutengera komwe kutupa kumachitika m'matumbo anu akuluakulu. Nthawi zambiri kumayambira pafupi ndi anus, kapena rectum. Kenako kumatha kufalikira m'matumbo akulu onse. Tiyeni tiwone tchati ichi kuti tikuthandizeni kumvetsetsa bwino izi.

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu iyi, UC imagawidwa m'magulu ofatsa, apakati, kapena ovuta kutengera kuopsa kwa zizindikiro. Mtundu woopsa kwambiri, womwe ndi wosowa kwambiri ndipo ukhoza kupha, umatchedwa fulminant ulcerative colitis . Zikatero, chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu chimafunika.

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za UC zimatha kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono pakapita nthawi. Poyamba, mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa. Pambuyo pake, matendawa akamakula, zizindikiro zina zingawonekere. Tiyeni tiwone izi padera.

Kodi pali zotsatira zina kupatula matumbo?

Inde. Pa odwala pafupifupi 25% omwe ali ndi UC, kutupa kumeneku kungakhudze ziwalo zina za thupi kuwonjezera pa matumbo. Kenako, zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi kutupa zingawonekerenso.

• Kupweteka ndi kutupa kwa mafupa: Mafupa monga mawondo ndi zigongono amatha kupweteka komanso kutupa.
• Mavuto a maso: Kufiira, kutupa, ndi kuyabwa kwa maso kungachitike.
• Mavuto a pakhungu: Ziphuphu, mawanga, kapena zilonda zingawoneke pakhungu.

N’chifukwa chiyani matendawa amapezeka? Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?

Ndipotu, chomwe chimayambitsa UC sichinadziwikebe. Komabe, ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo.

Lingaliro lalikulu ndilakuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi chomwe chimagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso . Taganizirani izi ngati gulu lathu lankhondo. Ntchito yake ndikuteteza thupi ku ziwanda zakunja monga majeremusi ndi mavairasi. Koma nthawi zina dongosololi limalakwika ndikuyamba kuukira maselo athu athanzi. Mu UC, chitetezo chamthupi chimaukira maselo omwe ali m'matumbo. Ndicho chimayambitsa kutupa ndi zipsera.

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingayambitse vutoli:

• Zaka: Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa achinyamata azaka zapakati pa 15-30, kapena mwa okalamba atatha zaka 60.
• Majini: Ngati wina m'banja mwanu, monga amayi anu, abambo anu, kapena m'bale wanu, ali ndi matenda a UC kapena Crohn, inunso muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.
• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matumbo: M'matumbo mwathu muli mabakiteriya ambiri opindulitsa, komanso mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi bowa oopsa. Zapezeka kuti kusintha kwa chilengedwe ichi kungayambitse matenda a UC.

Ndi mavuto ena ati omwe angabwere chifukwa cha UC?

Kukhala ndi matenda a zilonda zam'mimba kumawonjezera pang'ono chiopsezo chokhala ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo, choncho ndikofunikira kukhala pansi pa utsogoleri wa dokotala.

• Kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi: Kutuluka magazi m'matumbo nthawi zonse kungayambitse kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira m'thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi asachepe.
• Khansa ya m'matumbo: Anthu omwe ali ndi UC ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'matumbo kuposa anthu onse. Chiwopsezochi chimadalira nthawi yomwe mwakhala ndi UC komanso gawo la m'matumbo mwanu lomwe lakhudzidwa. Ndikofunikira kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndikuyesedwa nthawi zonse.
• Matenda a Osteoporosis: Kutupa kwa nthawi yayitali m'thupi ndi mankhwala ena kungayambitse mafupa kufooka ndikusweka mosavuta.
• Mavuto a chiwindi: Nthawi zambiri, kutupa kumeneku kungakhudzenso chiwindi, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda otchedwa primary sclerosing cholangitis .
• Zotsatira pa kukula kwa ana: Ngati mwana akupeza UC, kukula kwake kungachedwe chifukwa sangathe kuyamwa bwino zakudya kuchokera m'matumbo.

Zochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu

Ngati zizindikirozi zachitika, ndi zadzidzidzi. Pitani ku Dipatimenti Yoona za Zadzidzidzi ya Chipatala chapafupi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.

• Kusowa madzi m'thupi: Kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri kungayambitse kutaya madzi m'thupi, zomwe zingayambitse kutaya madzi m'thupi. Pa milandu yoopsa , madzi amchere (saline) angaperekedwe kuchipatala.
• Kuboola kwa matumbo akulu: Ngati kutupa kwakula kwambiri, khoma la matumbo akulu likhoza kuboola. Imeneyi ndi vuto loopsa kwambiri.
• Kutuluka magazi ambiri: Ngati mukutuluka magazi ambiri moti simungathe kuwalamulira, mungafunike kuikidwa magazi.
• Megacolon yoopsa: Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri komanso losowa kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, matumbo akulu amatupa, amasiya kugwira ntchito, ndipo amayamba kuyamwa poizoni kuchokera mkati kupita m'thupi.
• Magazi amaundana: UC imawonjezera chiopsezo cha magazi kuundana m'mitsempha yamagazi ya thupi.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji matendawa?

Dokotala akamaliza kumvetsera zizindikiro zanu, adzalamula kuti muyesedwe kangapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyezetsa ngati magazi anu ali ndi magazi ochepa kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za kutupa.
• Kuyezetsa ndowe: Kuyang'ana magazi, majeremusi, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'ndowe.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Mayeso monga X-ray, CT scan, kapena MRI angapereke chithunzi cha momwe matumbo alili.
• Kuyezetsa kwa Endoscopic: Iyi ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri yodziwira matenda a UC. Chubu chopyapyala komanso chosinthasintha chokhala ndi kamera (endoscope) chimayikidwa kudzera mu anus ndipo mkati mwa matumbo akulu mumawonedwa pa sikirini. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumatchedwa colonoscopy kapena sigmoidoscopy . Panthawiyi, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu chimachotsedwa m'matumbo kuti chikafufuzidwe. Izi zimatchedwa biopsy .

Kodi imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pali zolinga ziwiri zazikulu zothandizira matendawa. Choyamba ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro panthawi ya kuphulika kwa matenda ndikupangitsa kuti matendawa achepe. Chachiwiri ndi kusunga chitonthozo kwa nthawi yayitali momwe zingathere. Izi zimachitika makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi opaleshoni.

Mankhwala

Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa kutupa m'matumbo.

• Aminosalicylates: Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa UC yocheperako mpaka yapakatikati. Zitsanzo: sulfasalazine, mesalamine .
• Mankhwala a Corticosteroids:Mankhwalawa ndi amphamvu oletsa kutupa. Amaperekedwa kwa kanthawi kochepa kokha pamene munthu wayamba kudwala kwambiri. Chifukwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zina. Zitsanzo: prednisone, budesonide .
• Mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi: Mankhwala omwe amalamulira kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kwa chitetezo chamthupi. Zitsanzo: azathioprine, methotrexate .
• Biologics: Izi ndi njira zatsopano, zolunjika zomwe zimayang'ana mbali zina za chitetezo cha mthupi zomwe zimayambitsa kutupa. Zitsanzo: infliximab (Remicade®), adalimumab (Humira®) .
• Zoletsa za JAK: Izi ndi gulu latsopano la mankhwala omwe amaletsa njira yomwe imayambitsa kutupa. Zitsanzo: tofacitinib (Xeljanz®) .

Opaleshoni

Ngati matendawa sangathe kuthetsedwa ndi mankhwala, kapena ngati pali mavuto aakulu, opaleshoni ingafunike. Pafupifupi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi UC adzafunika opaleshoni pa moyo wawo wonse.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya opaleshoni. Yonseyi imaphatikizapo njira yotchedwa proctocolectomy , yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa matumbo akulu ndi gawo lomaliza la rectum.

1. Kuchotsa mimba ndi thumba la ileal: Iyi ndi opaleshoni yofala kwambiri. Mu njira imeneyi, matumbo akuluakulu amachotsedwa, thumba limapangidwa kuchokera ku gawo la matumbo ang'onoang'ono, ndipo limalumikizidwa ku anus. Mukachira, mudzatha kuchita matumbo mwachizolowezi.

2. Kuchotsa mimba ndi kuleostomy: Izi zimachitika ngati opaleshoni yomwe ili pamwambapa siingatheke. Mu njirayi, matumbo onse akuluakulu amachotsedwa, thumba (stoma) limapangidwa m'mimba, ndipo thumba limalumikizidwa kuti litenge ndowe kuchokera kunja.

Kodi chingachitike n’chiyani kuti matendawa asakule kwambiri?

Kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli ndi kuzipewa kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo cha kuphulika kwa mphuno.

• Pewani kupsinjika maganizo: Gonani mokwanira, chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo chitani zinthu zotonthoza monga kusinkhasinkha.
• Pewani mankhwala ena ochepetsa ululu: Mankhwala oletsa ululu (NSAIDs) (monga ibuprofen, diclofenac) amatha kukulitsa zizindikiro za UC. Ndi bwino kumwa mankhwala monga paracetamol a malungo kapena ululu. Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala musanamwe mankhwala aliwonse.
• Pewani zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa UC: Si aliyense amene ali ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Anthu ena amakonda mkaka, pomwe ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto la zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri. Njira yabwino yodziwira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi kulemba chakudya chanu tsiku ndi tsiku ndikulemba zakudya zomwe mumadya komanso zizindikiro zomwe mumakumana nazo. Kenako, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ndikupanga dongosolo la zakudya lomwe lingakuthandizeni.