Ni iki kiba mu bihaha byawe? Reka tuvuge kuri bronchoscopy!

Ese rimwe na rimwe ugira inkorora idashira, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa amaraso make mu gifu cyawe iyo ukorora? Muri icyo gihe, iyo ugiye kwa muganga, iyo akubwiye "gukora bronchoscopy", ushobora kumva ufite ubwoba gato, si byo se? None se, iyi bronchoscopy ni iki? Kuki ikorwa? Ese irababaza iyo ikozwe? Uyu munsi, turaganira ku bisubizo by'ibibazo byinshi ufite mu mutwe muri iyi nkuru. Nta mpamvu yo gutinya, ibi ntabwo bigoye nkuko abantu benshi babitekereza.

Mu magambo make, uburyo bwo gupima ububabare bw'imitsi (bronchoscopy) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, bronchoscopy ni uburyo bwo gukoresha umuyoboro muto ufite kamera nto (bronchoscope) mu muyoboro w'umwuka (trachea) no mu bihaha. Ni nk'aho endoscopy ireba mu nda yawe, ariko iyi ni iy'ibihaha byawe. Kamera n'urumuri biri ku mpera y'uyu muyoboro bituma muganga abona neza imbere mu myanya yawe y'ubuhumekero. Ibi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma, gusuzuma, ndetse rimwe na rimwe no kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe z'ibihaha.

Nk’uko iyo umuyoboro w’amazi mu nzu yacu uzibye, dushyiramo insinga nto tukayireba. Abaganga bakoresha iki gikoresho kugira ngo barebe ibirimo kuba mu bihaha.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'imiyoboro ya bronchoscope:

• Bronchoscope Ihindagurika: Iyi niyo ikoreshwa cyane. Irahindagurika, nk'umuyoboro wa kabutura, bityo ishobora kunyuzwa mu buryo bworoshye mu nzira y'ubuhumekero. Ikoreshwa mu gutuma inzira y'ubuhumekero ifunguka, gufata ingero z'inyama (biopsy), no gukurura ibintu nk'amacandwe.
• Bronchoscope Ikomeye: Iyi ni umuyoboro ukomeye kandi ukomeye. Ikoreshwa iyo hari uruziga runini mu nzira z'ubuhumekero, cyangwa mu buryo bugoye nko gushyira stent, kuvura ibibyimba, cyangwa guhagarika kuva amaraso.

Ni iki icyuma gipima ububabare (bronchoscopy) gisanga?

Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma muganga agusaba gukora iki kizamini. Reka turebere hamwe izo ari zo:

• Gusuzuma indwara y'ibihaha: Shaka impamvu y'ibimenyetso byawe, nko gukorora guhoraho, gukorora amaraso, no guhumeka bigoranye.
• Nyuma yo gupimwa X-ray cyangwa CT scan: Ibi bikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane neza niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyagaragaye kuri X-ray cyangwa CT scan yawe, urugero nk'ibimenyetso bya kanseri.
• Ibiziba byo mu nzira y'ubuhumekero: Suzuma niba hari ibiziba n'ibiziba mu nzira y'ubuhumekero hanyuma ubikureho cyangwa ubivure.
• Menya indwara cyangwa ububyimbirwe: Menya neza impamvu itera indwara cyangwa indwara zo kubyimbirwa mu bihaha.
• Fata icyitegererezo: Fata icyitegererezo cy'ururenda cyangwa ingirangingo (biopsy) hanyuma ubyohereze mu bipimo byo muri laboratwari. Ibi bizafasha kumenya neza indwara iyo ari yo.
• Shyiramo stent: Hari igihe ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu gushyiramo umuyoboro muto (stent) kugira ngo inzira y'ubuhumekero ikomeze gufungura niba yagabanutse.

Tekereza, inkorora ya nyirasenge Kamala ntiyagabanutse amezi menshi. Ndetse yanakuyemo amaraso make. Ubwo yamupimaga X-ray, hari akantu gato ku bihaha bye. Hanyuma muganga aramubwira ngo tumukorere bronchoscopy, ni bwo twashoboraga kumenya neza ikibazo.

Ni gute nakwitegura ibi?

Muganga wawe cyangwa umuforomo azaguha amabwiriza yihariye y'uko wakwitegura mbere yuko ukora iki kizamini. Ariko muri rusange, dore bimwe mu bintu ugomba gukora:

• Kwiyiriza ubusa: Ni byiza kutarya cyangwa kunywa ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose amasaha make mbere yo gupimwa. Akenshi amasaha agera kuri 6 kugeza kuri 8.
• Guhagarika imiti imwe n'imwe: Ushobora gusabwa guhagarika gufata imiti imwe n'imwe, nka aspirine, warfarin, cyangwa imiti ya diyabete, mu gihe cy'iminsi mike. Ni ngombwa kubwira muganga wawe imiti yose, vitamine, n'imiti y'ibimera ufata.
• Umuntu wo kugutwara mu rugo: Uzahabwa umuti wo kugabanya ububabare mu gihe cy'iki kizamini, bityo ntuzashobora gutwara imodoka nyuma y'ikizamini. Kubwibyo, uzakenera kuzana umuntu wo kugutwara mu rugo.

Ese nkeneye gupimwa na CT mbere yo gupimwa na bronchoscopy?

Keretse iyo ari ikibazo cyihutirwa, muganga wawe akunze gutegeka ko ibihaha byawe bipimwa hakoreshejwe CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) mbere yo gupimwa hakoreshejwe bronchoscopy. CT scan ishobora gufasha muganga wawe kumenya niba ari ngombwa gukoresha bronchoscopy, cyangwa niba hari ahantu hagomba gusuzumwa.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cyo gupima amenyo (bronchoscopy)?

Iki kizamini gikunze gukorwa n'inzobere mu by'imitsi mu bitaro cyangwa mu cyumba cyo kubaga. Akenshi, gikorwa mu bitaro cyangwa mu cyumba cyo kubaga. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora gutaha umunsi umwe nyuma y'ikizamini.

Uzahabwa imiti igufasha gusinzira no kumererwa neza. Niba uri gukora isuzuma rikomeye rya bronchoscopy cyangwa biopsy, ushobora guhabwa ikinya rusange. Ibi bivuze ko uzaba usinziriye cyane ku buryo nta kintu na kimwe uzumva. Vugana na muganga wawe ku bwoko bwa ikinya uzahabwa.

Indwara ya bronchoscopy ikunze gukorwa gutya:

1. Umunyu : Umuyoboro muto (umurongo wa IV) winjizwa mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe maze imiti inyura muri wo ikagutera kumva uruhutse kandi usinziriye.

2. Kuryama ku buriri: Kuryama ku buriri umutwe we uzamutse gato.

3. Pura kugeza igihe ukoze ibisebe:Umuti utera ibisebe mu kanwa (ndetse wenda no mu mazuru) no mu muhogo. Ibi bizagabanya ububabare wumva iyo ushyizemo umuyoboro.

4. Gushyiramo bronchoscope: Umaze kuruhuka no gusinzira, muganga azashyira bronchoscope buhoro buhoro ayinyujije mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa, cyangwa ayinyujije mu muyoboro winjiyemo icyo gihe niba utewe ikinya, ayinjize mu muhogo wawe hanyuma ayinjize mu bihaha byawe.

5. Gukuraho amacandwe: Kubera ko udashobora kumira, amacandwe aterana mu kanwa kawe ashobora gukurwaho hakoreshejwe umuyoboro muto.

6. Gukuraho bronchoscope: Iyo isuzuma rirangiye, muganga akuramo umuyoboro buhoro buhoro.

7. Kwitabwaho: Abakozi bo kwa muganga bazakwitaho kugeza ugarutse mu bwenge.

Ese urasinzira burundu mu gihe ukora ibi?

Akenshi uzumva usinziriye cyane, ndetse ushobora no gusinzira. Ibi biterwa n'ubwoko bwa bronchoscopy urimo gukora n'icyo muganga ashaka. Abantu benshi babikora bakoresheje ikinya rusange. Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe byoroheje bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe ikinya gusa.

Isuzuma rya bronchoscopy rimara igihe kingana iki?

Ubusanzwe bifata iminota 30 kugeza kuri 90. Igihe nyacyo bifata giterwa n'impamvu muganga abikora.

Bigenda bite nyuma y'ikizamini?

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ubu buryo ni uburyo bwo kwivuza hanze, bityo ntugomba kuguma mu bitaro. Ushobora gutaha mu masaha make nyuma yo gupimwa.

Itsinda ry’abaganga rizagusuzuma igihe runaka kugira ngo barebe niba urimo guhumeka no kumira neza. Muganga ashobora kandi gufata icyemezo cyo kugupima X-ray mu gituza nyuma yo gupimwa kugira ngo barebe niba hari ikibazo kirimo.

Umuhogo wawe uzamara isaha imwe udafite icyo uryamye. Ushobora kubabara mu muhogo, gukorora no kugira amarira mu masaha 24 ari imbere. Ibitonyanga by'inkorora bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ububabare mu muhogo. Abantu benshi bashobora gusubira mu mirimo isanzwe umunsi ukurikiyeho. Muganga wawe azakubwira niba ukeneye kugabanya ibikorwa byawe.

Itsinda ry’abaganga rizakubwira igihe ushobora kwitega ibisubizo by’ibizamini n’igihe ugomba kugarukira kwa muganga.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umuntu akire?

Uzakenera kuguma mu cyumba cy’ubuvuzi mu gihe cy’iminota 45, wenda igihe kirekire kurushaho, kugeza igihe utazongera gusinzira kandi ibimenyetso by’ubuzima bwawe (nk’ubuhumekero n’umuvuduko w’amaraso) bigasubira ku murongo. Muri iki gihe, abakozi bo kwa muganga bazagukurikiranira hafi kugira ngo barebe niba nta ngaruka mbi ufite nyuma yo gupimwa.

Ese nshobora kurya no kunywa nyuma yo gupimwa?

Ntukarye cyangwa ngo unywe ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose kugeza igihe ibibyimba byo mu muhogo wawe birangiye burundu (bishobora gufata isaha imwe). Iyo ibibyimba bimaze gushira, banza unywe amazi make, hanyuma utangire n'ibiryo bidakomeye nk'igikoma na yawurute.Iyo uriye cyangwa unyoye vuba cyane, ibiryo n'ibinyobwa bishobora kujya mu bihaha byawe (aspirate) cyangwa ushobora kubyimba.

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa na bronchoscopy?

Uburyo bwo gupima indwara ya bronchoscopy ni uburyo bwizewe cyane, ariko hari ingaruka nke cyane, nka:

• Umwobo uri mu nzira y'ubuhumekero.
• Kwangirika cyangwa kubyimba kw'imitsi y'ijwi.
• Pneumothorax.

Akenshi, abaganga bakoresha bronchoscope ihindagurika kuko ishobora kuyoborwa byoroshye mu nzira z'ubuhumekero kandi ikagera mu bice bito by'ibihaha. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, bronchoscope ikomeye irakenewe.

Mbere yo gukora iki kizamini, ganira na muganga wawe ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho ndetse niba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ingorane.

Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ibisubizo bya bronchoscopy bigaruke?

Baza itsinda ry'abaganga igihe uzabona ibisubizo. Niba hakozwe ikizamini cya biopsy, ibisubizo bigomba kuboneka mu cyumweru kimwe. Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ikizamini, ibisubizo bishobora kuboneka vuba cyangwa nyuma.

Muganga wawe azakoresha ibi bisubizo kugira ngo ahitemo intambwe z'ubuvuzi bwawe zitaha. Ibi bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi, bitewe n'ibyabonetse mu gihe cyo gupima bronchoscopy.

Ni ryari nkwiye kuvugana na muganga wanjye?

Nyuma yo gupimwa, ugomba guhita uhamagara muganga wawe niba ubonye kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'ubwandu, ibihaha byacitse, cyangwa ikindi kibazo:

• Kubabara mu gituza.
• Kugorwa no guhumeka.
• Umuriro udashira.
• Inkorora idashira cyangwa gukorora amaraso.
• Ibimenyetso bya pneumonia (urugero: umuriro mwinshi, kubabara mu gatuza, izuru riva).

Amaherezo, ibuka ibi (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Bronchoscopiyo si ikintu cyo gutinya. Ni ikizamini cyizewe gifasha kubona ibibazo mu bihaha byawe no mu nzira z'ubuhumekero. Hari igihe gishobora no gukoreshwa mu kuvura. Kikorerwa mu bitaro byo hanze, aho umuyoboro muto winjizwa mu bihaha byawe. Muganga wawe nakubwira gukora iki kizamini, azakubwira byinshi ku buryo wakwitegura. Niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, ntutindiganye kubaza muganga wawe. Ubuzima bwawe ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane!

` Bronchoscopy, gusuzuma ibihaha, indwara z'ubuhumekero, biopsy, stent, ibihaha, inkorora