Uturinda duto tw'umubiri wacu: Byose ku tunyangingo tw'amaraso umweru!

Ese wigeze wibaza niba hari ingabo nto mu mibiri yacu, nk'itsinda ry'abantu baturinda ibitero bitagaragara? Yego, ni ukuri. Iyi ngabo iraturinda indwara zitandukanye na mikorobe zinjira mu mibiri yacu. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri izi nziga nto, ariko zikomeye cyane, z'imibiri yacu. Ni uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, bamwe banatwita uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera.

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru ni iki?

Mu magambo make, uturemangingo tw’amaraso, tuzwi kandi nka "Leukocytes" n’abaganga, ni nk’abarinzi bakuru mu mubiri wacu. Nk’uko hari ingabo zirinda igihugu, hari n’ingufu zidasanzwe zirinda iki gihugu cyiza cyitwa umubiri wacu. Utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso ni igice kinini cy’izo mbaraga. Ni igice cy’ingenzi cyane kandi cy’ingenzi cy’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wacu. Utwo turemangingo duhora tunyura mu mitsi n’ingingo z’amaraso yacu, nk’aho turi mu igenzura. Aba bantu bahora bashaka icyabakomeretsa, kwandura, cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose cyangiza umubiri.

Ni iki kigira ingaruka ku mibiri yacu iyo tugize utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso twera?

Akamaro k'ingenzi k'utu turemangingo tw'amaraso ni ukurinda umubiri wacu kwandura . Tekereza ko hari bagiteri cyangwa virusi byinjiye mu mubiri wawe. Ni nk'aho umwanzi yinjiye mu gihugu cyawe. Hanyuma, utu turemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru dukora nk'abasirikare mu ngabo.

Ubwa mbere, hari uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera dusanga utwo twateye. Hanyuma, nk’abayobozi, bohereza ubutumwa ku tundi turemangingo tw’amaraso twera, bati: “Hari ikibazo hano, nimuze vuba!” Hanyuma, ingabo zose z’uturemangingo tw’amaraso twera ziteranira aho ubwandu bwabereye. Ziraza zirwana kugira ngo zitsembe utwo twateye. Muri uru rugamba, zikora ubwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine, yitwa “Antibody”. Iyi “Antibody” iragenda yifatanya n’utwo twateye, ikatubuza no kutwica. Si uburyo bwiza cyane?

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru duherereye he?

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru tuboneka cyane cyane mu miyoboro y’amaraso yacu, ni ukuvuga mu maraso. Ariko, ntabwo tuba mu miyoboro y’amaraso gusa. Iyo bibaye ngombwa, dushobora no kwinjira mu nkuta z’imiyoboro y’amaraso no kwinjira mu ngingo z’umubiri. Kimwe n’abashinzwe iperereza, basanga hari ubwandu ahantu runaka bakajyayo gukora akazi kabo.

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru tugaragara gute?

Nubwo bitwa "uturemangingo tw'amaraso" tw'umweru, mu by'ukuri ni uturemangingo tutagira ibara. Ariko, iyo turebye hifashishijwe mikorosikopi, tugaragara nk'ibara ryoroheje cyane ry'umuhengeri n'umutuku iyo twasizweho irangi ryihariye. Utu ni uturemangingo duto cyane akenshi tuba dufite ishusho y'uruziga kandi dufite urukiramende rw'imbere rusobanutse, cyangwa nucleus, hagati.

Ibi binini bingana iki?

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso bwera ni utuntu duto cyane tudashobora kubonwa n'amaso . Tuboneka gusa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi. Ni duto cyane.

Dufite uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twingahe mu mubiri wacu?

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso bwera tugize hafi 1% by'ingano y'amaraso yose.Uturemangingo dutukura ni two twinshi mu maraso yacu. Ariko nubwo ari 1%, serivisi batanga ku mutekano wacu ni ntagereranywa. Watangazwa no kumenya ko imibiri yacu ikora uturemangingo tw’umweru tugera kuri miliyari 100 ku munsi!

Uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru twitwa "white blood cells" dukora gute?

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso bwera dukorerwa mu turemangingo tworoshye turi mu magufwa yacu, twitwa uturemangingo tw’amagufwa . Ese si ahantu heza cyane? Ubwoko bwihariye bw’uturemangingo muri uyu musemburo w’amagufwa, twita uturemangingo tw’inyuma, ni bwo buhinduka butandukanye bugahinduka utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso bwera.

Nanone, ubwoko bubiri bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, twitwa lymphocytes, tuvuka mu gahu ka thymus mu gituza cyo hejuru. Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa lymphocytes, nka T cells, buvuka mu turemangingo twa lymphocytes no mu gahu.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera turiho?

Nk’uko hari ubwoko butandukanye bw’abasirikare mu nzego zacu z’umutekano, ni nako uturemangingo tw’amaraso turengana mu moko atanu y’ingenzi. Buri bwoko bufite akazi kabwo.

Tekereza, ibi ni nk'ingabo zirwanira ku butaka, imbunda nini n'ingabo zidasanzwe. Buri wese akorera hamwe kugira ngo atsinde urugamba.

Dore ubwoko bw'ibyo bintu:

• Neutrophils: Izi ni zo zifasha kwica abatera indwara nka bagiteri n'ibihumyo byinjira mu mibiri yacu, kandi zigakura imyanda hanze y'isi. Nk'abasirikare bari ku rugamba.
• Lymphocytes: Iri tsinda rigizwe na T cells, B cells, na natural killer cells. Ni zo ziturinda cyane cyane indwara za virusi kandi zigakora poroteyine zitwa antibody zavuzwe haruguru.
• Eosinofili: Izi zifasha kumenya no gusenya udukoko (urugero: inzoka), gusenya uturemangingo twa kanseri, ndetse no gukorana na Basofili mu gihe habayeho ubwivumbure.
• Basophil: Izi ni zo zitera ingaruka nko gukorora, kwitsamura no kuva izuru mu gihe ufite allergie. Mu by'ukuri ni bwo buryo bwo kwirinda indwara bw'umubiri.
• Monocytes: Izi ni nk'itsinda rishinzwe gusukura. Iyo habayeho ubwandu, zifasha gusukura aho hantu zikuraho uturemangingo twangiritse n'utw'abapfuye.

Ni ibihe bibazo bikunze kugaragara ku turemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru?

Hari igihe umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera ushobora kuba uri hasi cyangwa hejuru. Byombi bishobora kuba ikibazo.

• Iyo umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso yawe wera ugabanutse (Leukopenia): Iyo umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso yawe wera ugabanutse, ari byo byitwa "Leukopenia," uba ufite amahirwe menshi yo kwandura indwara kenshi. Ibi biterwa n’uko ubwirinzi bw’umubiri wawe buba bucitse intege.
• Iyo umubare w’uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru wiyongereye (Leukocytosis):Nanone, kwiyongera gukabije k'umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera, tuzwi nka "Leukocytosis," si byiza. Bisobanura ko hashobora kubaho ubwandu ahantu runaka mu mubiri, cyangwa indwara nka leukemia, lymphoma, cyangwa ikibazo runaka ku budahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?

Waba ufite uturemangingo tw’amaraso turi hasi cyangwa hejuru, ushobora kugira ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bisanzwe. Ariko ibuka ko kugira ibi bimenyetso bitavuze ko ufite ikibazo gikomeye. Icy'ingenzi ni ukubonana na muganga no kwisuzumisha.

• Guhorana umuriro, kubabara umubiri, no kumva ubukonje.
• Iyo igikomere kibaye, gihinduka umutuku, kikabyimba, kikavamo amashyira, cyangwa ntigikire vuba.
• Kwandura indwara zikunze kugaragara (urugero: indwara zo mu muhogo, indwara z'uruhu).
• Inkorora idashira cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye.

Ingano isanzwe y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso twera ni iyihe?

Ubusanzwe, umubiri w'umuntu muzima ukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso tugera kuri miliyari 100 ku munsi. Iyo dupimye amaraso, dupima umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tubiri kuri mikorolitiro imwe y'amaraso. Ku muntu mukuru muzima, uyu mubare ugomba kuba hagati y'uturemangingo 4.000 na 11.000 kuri mikorolitiro imwe . Ibi bishobora gutandukana gato bitewe n'ibintu nk'imyaka n'igitsina.

Ni ibihe bipimo bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru?

Hari ibizamini bibiri by'ingenzi.

1. Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC): Iki ni cyo kizamini gikunze gukorwa cyane. Gishobora gutanga amakuru menshi atari ku turemangingo tw'amaraso twera gusa, ahubwo no ku tundi turemangingo turi mu maraso, nk'uturemangingo dutukura n'udupira tw'amaraso, uhereye ku gipimo cy'amaraso yawe.

2. Gupima uturemangingo tw’amaraso: Iki ni ikizamini cyihariye. Kikorwa kugira ngo haboneke ubwandu cyangwa ikibyimba cyihishe ahantu runaka mu ngingo zoroshye z’umubiri. Ikikorwa hano ni uko amaraso make akurwa muri wowe, uturemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru tugatandukana na two, hanyuma hongerwamo ibintu bitanga imirasire. Hanyuma, utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru tugasubizwa mu mubiri wawe. Hanyuma, iyo urebye ukoresheje kamera yihariye, ibintu bitanga imirasire bituma ubwandu bugaragara neza.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera umubare muke w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru?

Tuvuga ko umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso turi munsi ya 4.000 ari "Leukopenia." Ibi bishobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi.

• Kunanirwa k'umusemburo w'amagufwa (urugero, indwara nka aplastic anemia).
• Uturemangingo twa kanseri twinjira mu musemburo w'amagufwa (urugero: leukemia).
• Imiti imwe n'imwe, cyane cyane imiti ivura kanseri.
• Kubura vitamine zimwe na zimwe, nka vitamine B12.
• Indwara zigabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, nka VIH/SIDA.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kwiyongera kw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru?

Umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tw'umweru turenga 11.000 witwa "Leukocytosis." Ibi bishobora kugira impamvu nyinshi.

• Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri (urugero: lupus, rubagimpande).
• Kwandura virusi (urugero: `(Mononucleosis)`).
• Indwara za bagiteri (urugero: indwara zikomeye nka sepsis).
• Gukomereka ku mubiri cyangwa guhangayika cyane mu mutwe.
• Kanseri nka kanseri y'amaraso cyangwa indwara ya Hodgkin.
• Allergie. (Ibibazo by'ubwivumbure).

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara z’uturemangingo tw’amaraso?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'ubwoko bw'indwara n'uburemere bwayo. Bumwe mu buryo bwo kuvura burimo:

• Gutanga vitamine (niba hari ikibazo cyo kubura).
• Gutanga imiti yica udukoko (niba ari indwara ya bagiteri).
• Kubagwa kugira ngo habeho gutera cyangwa gusana umwongo w'amagufwa (mu bihe bimwe na bimwe bikomeye).
• Guterwa amaraso.
• Gutera uturemangingo tw'inyuma.

Nigute nakora kugira ngo uturemangingo tw'amaraso yanjye tw'umweru tugire ubuzima bwiza?

Hari ibintu byinshi dushobora gukora kugira ngo twite neza kuri utu turinzi duto mu mibiri yacu.

• Gukora isuku: Ibintu nko gukaraba intoki kenshi no kurya isuku bishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura.
• Gufata vitamine zikomeza ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Kurya indyo yuzuye, kandi ufate inyunganiramirire ya vitamine nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse nibiba ngombwa.
• Kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye ku zindi ndwara: Hari indwara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku turemangingo tw’amaraso tw’umweru. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kubona ubuvuzi bukwiye ku ndwara zibitera.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Uturemangingo tw’amaraso umweru ni nk’umurongo wa mbere w’ubwirinzi mu mubiri wacu. Byaba ari imvune cyangwa indwara, ni zo ziza mbere mu rugamba. Kubwibyo, ni inshingano zacu kubungabunga uturemangingo dufite ubuzima bwiza. Ushobora gukomeza ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri wawe ugakomeza kugira isuku, kurya indyo yuzuye, no gufata vitamine bibaye ngombwa.

Niba uhora urwaye umuriro, ubukonje, indwara zandura kenshi, inkorora idashira, cyangwa guhumeka bigoranye, menya neza ko wagiye kwa muganga kugira ngo arebe umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso yawe. Ibi bishobora kugufasha kumenya ikibazo mbere yuko kiba ikibazo gikomeye. Ntugahangayike, hari uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura ibi byose!

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