Ese amaso yawe yombi ashobora kurwara glaucoma? Reka twige kuri ibi bipimo!

Umeze ute? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara ishobora kugira ingaruka ku maso yacu bucece ndetse n'ibizamini bimwe na bimwe bishobora kudufasha kuyimenya hakiri kare. Iyi ndwara yitwa glaucoma. Ushobora kuba warumvise iri zina, cyangwa umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ashobora kuba afite iyi ndwara. Ntugahangayike, icy'ingenzi ni ukumenya neza ibi.

Glaucoma ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Muri make, glaucoma ni itsinda ry'indwara z'amaso zangiza umutsi w'amaso uri mu jisho. Uyu mutsi w'amaso ni wo tubona, igice cy'ijisho cyerekana urumuri cyitwa retina, kandi utwara ibimenyetso biva muri retina bikajyana mu bwonko. Kimwe n'ifoto ifashwe hakoreshejwe kamera, tubona amashusho gusa iyo ibyo bimenyetso bigeze mu bwonko.

Glaucoma ikunze guterwa no kwiyongera k'umuvuduko mu jisho. Uyu muvuduko wangiza buhoro buhoro imitsi y'amaso. Ikibabaje ni uko akenshi ishobora kwiyongera idagaragaje ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Niyo mpamvu bamwe bayita "umwanzi utagira icyo avuga." Iyo itavuwe, kureba bishobora kugenda bigabanuka ndetse bigatera no guhuma.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara glaucoma?

Hari abantu bashobora kurwara glaucoma kurusha abandi. Reba niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara:

• Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe ufite glaucoma: Niba nyoko, papa wawe, cyangwa abavandimwe bawe bafite glaucoma, nawe uri mu kaga ko kuyirwara.
• Imyaka irenga 40: Ingaruka ziyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira.
• Ubwoko: Abantu bafite inkomoko muri Afurika (cyane cyane abafite glaucoma ifite angle ifunguye) n'abakomoka muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba (cyane cyane abafite glaucoma ifite angle ifunze) bari mu kaga gakomeye.
• Ibikomere byo mu maso cyangwa kubagwa mu buryo bugoye: Niba warigeze kugira imvune mu maso cyangwa ukabagwa bikomeye.
• Kutareba kure: Iki ni ikintu gishobora gutera uburwayi bwa glaucoma (glaucoma ifite angle closed).
• Izindi ndwara:
• Diyabete `(Diabete Mellitus)`
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension)
• Gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe igihe kirekire: Cyane cyane iyo ukomeje gukoresha imiti yo mu bwoko bwa `(corticosteroid)` (urugero `(prednisone)`).

Ni ryari nkwiye kwipimisha glaucoma?

Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bibazo byo kutabona, ni ngombwa cyane kubonana n'umuganga w'amaso vuba bishoboka kugira ngo apimwe amaso yose, harimo n'ikizamini cya glaucoma:

• Ahantu hatabona: Niba wumva urimo guta ubwenge ku bice bimwe na bimwe.
• Kureba nabi.
• Kumva ububabare cyangwa igitutu mu maso.
• Kurwara umutwe kenshi.
• Kubona uruziga rw'umukororombya iyo ureba urumuri.
• Ubutukura bw'amaso.
• Kureba mu muyoboro w'amazi: Kureba imbere gusa, nk'aho ureba mu muyoboro w'amazi.

Nk’uko bitangazwa n’Ishuri Rikuru ry’Abanyamerika ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Amaso (AAO), abantu bafite ibyago byo kurwara glaucoma bagomba gupimwa amaso yose hakurikijwe iyi gahunda:

* Kuva ku myaka 40 kugeza kuri 54: Buri myaka 1-3.

* Kuva ku myaka 55 kugeza kuri 64: Buri mwaka 1-2.

* Imyaka 65 no hejuru: Buri mezi 6-12.

Ni nde ukora ibizamini bya glaucoma?

Ibi bizamini bikorwa n'inzobere mu by'amaso, umuganga w'inzobere mu gukumira, gusuzuma no kuvura indwara z'amaso.

Ibi bizamini bya glaucoma bikorwa bite?

Ikizamini cya glaucoma si ikizamini kimwe. Gishobora kuba uruvange rw'ibizamini byinshi. Igice cyiza ni uko ibyinshi muri ibi bizamini byihuse, nta bubabare, kandi ntibikomere. Ibi bizamini bifasha umuganga w'amaso kureba imbere mu jisho ryawe, gusuzuma niba hari icyangiritse mu maso, no guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura.

Noneho reka turebe ibi bipimo by'ingenzi bya glaucoma:

1. Isuzuma ry'inguni / Gonioscopy

Iki kizamini kireba inguni aho igice cy’ijisho ryawe (cornea) n’igice cy’ibara ry’ijisho ryawe (iris) bihurira. Iyi nguni niho sisitemu yo gusohora amazi ituruka mu jisho iherereye.

Muganga azabanza gushyira ibitonyanga by'amaso bibabaza mu jisho ryawe. Hanyuma, hazashyirwaho indorerwamo yihariye ku mboni yawe kugira ngo barebe niba inguni ifunguye cyangwa ifunze. Iyo inguni ifunze, bivuze ko inzira yo gusohora amazi yafunze. Iki gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cya glaucoma. Iki kizamini kandi cyitwa gonioscopy.

2. Gupima ubugari bwa cornea / Pachymetry

Ibi bipima ubunini bwa cornea yawe. Ibi bifasha muganga wawe gusuzuma ibyago byawe byo kurwara glaucoma. Ibi kandi bikubiyemo gusiga amaso yawe ibitonyanga by'amaso no gupima ubunini ukoresheje icyuma gito cyitwa "pachymetry".

3. Gusuzuma amaso mu buryo bwa "dilated eye test"

Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira ibitonyanga mu jisho ryawe kugira ngo byagure imboni, uruziga rw'umukara ruri hagati mu jisho ryawe. Ibi bituma inzobere mu by'amaso ibona retina n'imitsi y'amaso iri mu jisho ryawe mu buryo bw'ubwiza. Igikoresho cyihariye kimurika urumuri mu jisho ryawe. Ibi bituma muganga asuzuma ibara, ingano, imiterere, n'imitsi y'amaraso y'imitsi y'amaso no kumenya niba hari icyangiritse cyangwa niba giterwa na glaucoma.

4. Gupima umuvuduko w'amaso / Tonometry

Ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko mu jisho ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cya glaucoma. Muri iki kizamini, muganga wawe azashyiramo ibitonyanga bibabaza mu jisho ryawe. Hanyuma, igikoresho gito gishyirwa ku buso bw'ijisho ryawe kugira ngo cornea igororoke gato kandi ipime umuvuduko uri imbere. Iki kizamini nta bubabare kandi kimara iminota mike gusa. Ariko, ni ngombwa ko uguma uhagaze neza mu gihe cy'ikizamini. Ibi kandi byitwa "Tonometry" cyangwa "applanation".

5. Gupima imitsi y'amaso

Ibi bifotora retina yawe n'imitsi y'amaso. Amafoto afatwa hakoreshejwe kamera yihariye ya digitale, ituma imboni y'ijisho ryawe yongera ubugari.

Abahanga benshi mu by'amaso bakoresha imashini yihariye yitwa "Optical Coherence Tomography", cyangwa OCT . Icyo ugomba gukora ni ugushyira agashyinyaguro kawe ku gashyinyaguro k'imashini hanyuma ukareba mu indorerwamo. Nta kintu na kimwe kigukora ku jisho. Imashini ifata amafoto ya buri gice cy'inyama z'amaso mu munota umwe cyangwa ibiri hanyuma ikagaragaza aho hantu.

6. Ikizamini cyo mu murima gikoreshwa mu kureba (Ikizamini cyo mu murima gikoreshwa mu kureba / Perimetiri)

Iki kizamini gisuzuma niba hari aho watakaje ibice bimwe na bimwe by'amaso yawe (urugero, kureba ku ruhande iyo ureba imbere). Bikorwa kandi buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane ubukana bwa glaucoma n'uburyo yihuta cyane.

Muri iki kizamini, muganga agusaba kureba imbere ikintu runaka (urugero, izuru rya muganga). Ushobora kandi gusabwa gufunga ijisho rimwe. Hanyuma, mu gihe ureba imbere, bakubaza niba hari ikintu ubona mu mfuruka y'amaso yawe.

Hari igihe imashini ikoreshwa muri ibi. Mu buryo bwitwa ``Automated static perimetry'', ugomba kureba imashini ukamenya ``amatara'' ibona. Mu bundi buryo, ugomba kureba imiterere y'imirongo ukamenya niba hari ibidasobanutse cyangwa icyuho.

Bigenda bite nyuma yo gupimwa glaucoma?

Hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe ushobora kuba ugomba kumenya nyuma yo gupimwa. Urugero, kureba kwawe gushobora kuba kutagaragara neza. Ni byiza ko umuntu aguherekeza mu rugo. Niba warasuzumwe amaso yawe, uzakenera kwambara indorerwamo z'izuba kugira ngo urinde amaso yawe urumuri rwinshi n'imirasire ya UV. Muganga wawe azakubwira byinshi kuri ibi.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'ibi bizamini?

Gupima glaucoma muri rusange ni byiza cyane kandi nta ngaruka zikomeye bitera. Nyuma y'ikizamini, amaso yawe ashobora kuba adasobanutse neza cyangwa agahita yumva urumuri. Ariko ibi bizagenda neza buhoro buhoro uko umunsi ugenda.

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo ubone ibisubizo by'ibizamini?

Ibisubizo by'ibipimo byinshi bya glaucoma bishobora kumenyekana hafi umunsi umwe, icyarimwe.

Ibisubizo by'ibipimo bya glaucoma bivuze iki?

Inzobere mu by'amaso izaganira nawe ku bisubizo by'ibizamini kandi ikusobanurire icyo bivuze. Muganga wawe azasuzuma ibisubizo by'ibizamini byose maze afate umwanzuro niba uri mu kaga ko kurwara glaucoma, niba ufite iyo ndwara, kandi niba ihari, ubwoko bwayo.

Niba ibisubizo biri hanze y’urugero rusanzwe, bishobora kuba ari glaucoma, cyangwa bikaba ari ikimenyetso cy'uko hakenewe ibizamini byinshi. Ibisubizo bidasanzwe bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gonioscopy: Kugabanya cyangwa kuziba umuyoboro w'amazi mu jisho.
• Pachymetry: Kugabanya cornea (ibi byongera ibyago byo kurwara glaucoma y’inguni ifunguye).
• Isuzuma ry'amaso ryagutse: Ingano cyangwa imiterere idasanzwe y'imitsi y'amaraso iri mu jisho.
• Gupima umuvuduko w'amaso: Umuvuduko w'amaso urenze milimetero 22 za mercure (22 mmHg).
• Gushushanya imitsi y'amaso: Ibintu bidasanzwe nko kubyimba no kwaguka k'imitsi y'amaso cyangwa utunyangingo tw'amaso.
• Ikizamini cyo kureba: Hari ahantu hagaragara nk'aho nta kintu kirimo cyangwa hatagaragara neza.

Bite se niba mfite glaucoma?

Muganga wawe azakugira inama y'icyo ugomba gukora nyuma. Ashobora kukubwira gukomeza kwipimisha amaso yawe buri gihe. Cyangwa akakubwira gutangira kuvura glaucoma. Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo:

• Imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaso: Ibinini cyangwa ibinini by'amaso.
• Kubaga: Kubaga kugira ngo habeho umwobo mushya wo gusohora amazi arenze urugero mu jisho, bityo bigabanye umuvuduko w'amaso.
• Kubaga imiyoboro y'amaraso: Imiyoboro mito ishyirwa mu jisho kugira ngo ikurwemo amazi menshi.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe laser: Imirasire ya laser ikoreshwa mu gufasha amazi gusohoka.

Ubaho ute n'ikibazo cyo kutabona?

Iyo glaucoma igaragaye hakiri kare, ikwirakwira ryayo rishobora kugenzurwa no kuvurwa. Uretse imiti muganga wawe akwandikira, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo bigufashe guhangana n'ikibazo cyo kutabona. Vugana na muganga wawe kuri ibi kandi.

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, glaucoma ni indwara ishobora kugaragara idagaragaje ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa ko umuntu apimwa amaso buri gihe kugira ngo amenye iyo ndwara mbere yuko imuviramo ububabare bwo kutabona.

Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo (Ibintu byo kwibuka)

Sawa, twavuze byinshi ku bipimo bya glaucoma uyu munsi. Muri make, ibi bipimo bishobora kumenya niba imitsi yawe y'amaso yangiritse kandi niba irimo kugira ingaruka ku kureba kwawe. Muganga w'amaso ashobora gukora ikizamini kimwe cyangwa byinshi kugira ngo arebe niba glaucoma ihari. Hanyuma azaguha uburyo bwo kuvura bukwiye.

Ntiwibagirwe ko glaucoma ishobora kugaragara nta bimenyetso mu ntangiriro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kwipimisha amaso buri gihe kugira ngo amaso yawe akomeze kuba mazima, cyane cyane niba ufite ibintu bishobora gutuma arwara. Hanyuma, niba hari ikibazo, gishobora kumenyekana no kuvurwa mbere yuko habaho gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba. Ni inshingano zawe kurinda amaso yawe!

Glaucoma , Umuvuduko w'amaso, Ibizamini by'amaso, Kubura amaso, Imitsi y'amaso, Umuganga w'amaso, Glaucoma, Umuvuduko w'amaso, Kubura amaso, Imitsi y'amaso