Ese wigeze wumva ibyerekeye umuyoboro w’ubwonko n’amaraso, ari wo murinzi ukomeye w’ubwonko bwawe?

Ubwonko ni urugingo rw'agaciro kandi rugoye cyane mu mubiri wacu, si byo se? Rero kubungabunga ubwonko ni ingenzi cyane. Nk'uko inzu yacu ifite urukuta n'irembo byo kuburinda, ubwonko bwacu bufite uburyo bwihariye bwo kurinda. Ibyo ni byo twita urukuta rw'amaraso n'ubwonko cyangwa "Urukuta rw'amaraso n'ubwonko" mu magambo ahinnye, "(BBB)". Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge kuri uyu murinzi mwiza mu buryo burambuye .

Uruzitiro rw'amaraso n'ubwonko ni iki?

Mu magambo make, urusobe rw'amaraso n'ubwonko (BBB) ​​​​ni urwego rw'uturemangingo rurinda imbere mu mitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko bwawe. Ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwacu n'imitsi.

Nubwo izina rivuga "uruzitiro," mu by'ukuri si urukuta gusa. Rimeze nk'akayunguruzo, nk'umurinzi mu bwonko . Akazi karyo ka mbere ni ukurinda ibintu byangiza no kugumana mu byiza. Rinagenzura uburyo imiti itandukanye (yaba iyo dukora n'iyo tuvana hanze) yinjira ikava mu bwonko. Ese ibyo ntibitangaje?

Ni iki kiba ku rukuta rw'amaraso n'ubwonko (BBB)?

Mu mitsi yacu y'amaraso, hari urwego rwihariye rw'uturemangingo rwitwa endothelium. Ariko, mu mitsi y'amaraso iri mu bwonko, iyi endothelium itandukanye gato.

Utu tunyangingo tw’amaraso two mu bwonko dufatanye cyane ku buryo nta mwanya na muto uhari. Uko ni ko urwego rw’amaraso n’ubwonko (BBB) ​​​​rubaho. Utu tunyangingo dufatanye cyane ku buryo nta kintu na kimwe gishobora kunyuramo kidafashijwe. Urusobe rw’inyuma rw’utu tunyangingo rukozwe mu bikoresho bishingiye kuri lipide. Iki ni ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane, reka turebe impamvu.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora kunyura mu muyoboro w’amaraso n’ubwonko (BBB)?

Hari ibintu bito cyane, ni ukuvuga ko bishobora kunyura muri iyi `(BBB)`. Hari n'ibindi bishobora kunyuramo kuko ari `(lipid-soluble)` . Ni ukuvuga ko urwego rw'ibinure rw'urukuta rw'amaraso n'ubwonko rushobora kubijyanamo rudasubijwe inyuma. Ariko, biragoye ko uduce duto, cyangwa uduce duto dushonga mu mazi, tunyura muri iyi `(BBB)` ubwatwo.

Tekereza nawe, uduce duto tudashobora kwinjira muri utwo turemangingo tw’inyuma dufatanye cyane, kuko nta mwanya uhagije uhari. Uduce duto dushongeshwa mu mazi tugorwa no kwinjira muri BBB, kuko uturemangingo twa BBB dushingiye kuri lipide, kandi twirukana ibintu bishongeshwa mu mazi. Rero, niba utwo duce duto dushongeshwa mu mazi nk'intungamubiri dushaka kwinjira mu bwonko, dukeneye ubufasha bwihariye bwo gutwara .

Dore ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiti n'ibindi bishobora kunyura muri BBB (byaba ari byonyine cyangwa hifashishijwe ubufasha):

• Inzoga
• Indangagaciro
• Imiti igabanya kwiheba
• Imiti igabanya ububabare
• Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo mu mutwe
• Imiti ivura indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa igicuri
• Kafeyine
• Acetaminophen n'imiti myinshi igabanya ubushyuhe itari steroide (NSAIDs)
• Ibinini byo gusinzira n'imiti igabanya ububabare (urugero: barbiturates, benzodiazepines)

Uru rutonde rurimo gusa ibyiciro bike by'imiti bishobora kwambuka BBB. Andi matsinda menshi y'imiti ashobora kubikora. Mu by'ukuri, urutonde rw'ibintu bishobora kwambuka BBB ni rurerure cyane. Dukurikije uburyo buriho ubu, hamaze kugaragara ubwoko hafi 5.000 bw'ibinyabutabire (harimo n'imiti) bushobora kwambuka BBB. Ibi bigaragazwa hakoreshejwe uburyo na porogaramu za mudasobwa zigoye cyane.

None se, ni iki kidashobora kunyura mu muyoboro w’amaraso n’ubwonko (BBB)?

Ubusanzwe, indwara zitera indwara , nka bagiteri cyangwa virusi, kimwe n'ibindi bintu byinshi byangiza, ntibishobora kunyura muri BBB. Ubu ni bwo burinzi bukomeye BBB ifite.

Ni izihe ndwara zikunze kugira ingaruka ku ruzitiro rw'amaraso n'ubwonko?

Nubwo umuyoboro wawe w’amaraso n’ubwonko (BBB) ​​​​urinzwe cyane, ntabwo ari mwiza 100%. Ushobora gucika intege bitewe n’indwara nko kubyimba. Izindi ndwara zishobora no kugabanya ubushobozi bwa BBB. Ibi bibaye, ibintu byangiza cyangwa udukoko dushobora kwinjira mu bwonko. (Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ibi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro. Urugero, imiti yica udukoko nka penisiline ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo mu bwonko ishobora kwinjira byoroshye iyo BBB yacitse intege.)

Ibintu bigabanya ubusugire bwa BBB birimo indwara zikabije n'izidakira.

Ibintu bihita bigabanya imbaraga za `(BBB)`

Ibi ni ibibazo by'ubuzima bibaho mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa biherutse kubaho. Ingero zimwe ni izi:

• Kanseri zo mu bwonko
• Ubwandu bw'ubwonko (urugero: Encephalitis, Meningite)
• Ibikomere byo mu mutwe, cyane cyane indwara yo mu bwonko no gukomereka mu mutwe (TBI)
• Ubwiyongere bw'umusemburo wa dioxyde de carbone mu maraso (Hypercapnia)
• Kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bwonko (kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bwonko bitewe n'urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso)
• Igisebe cy'imitsi
• Indwara zo mu mutwe, cyane cyane indwara yo mu mutwe idakira yitwa "Status Epilepticus"

Ibihe bigabanya imbaraga za `(BBB)` uko igihe kigenda gihita

Ibi ni ibintu bimara igihe kirekire, rimwe na rimwe amezi, imyaka, cyangwa ndetse n'ubuzima bwose. Ingero:

• Indwara ya Alzheimer
• Amiotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Kurwara indwara zifata imitsi mu gihe kirekire (chronic hypercapnia) biterwa n’indwara nka COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
• Indwara y'igicuri
• Dementia yo mu gihe cyo kubura ubwiza imbere
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension)
• Indwara zifitanye isano nko kuzamuka k'umuvuduko w'isukari mu maraso (Hyperglycemia) na Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2
• Igipimo cy'amavuta menshi mu maraso (Hyperlipidemia)
• Sclerosis nyinshi
• Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO)
• Indwara ya Parkinson

Impuguke zikeka ko hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zidakira zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri BBB, ariko hakenewe ubushakashatsi bw'inyongera kugira ngo byemezwe.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bisanzwe by'uko amaraso n'ubwonko byangiritse (BBB) ​​​​ni ibihe?

Mu by’ukuri, ubu nta buryo busobanutse neza bwo gusuzuma ikibazo cya BBB. Ibizamini bimwe na bimwe byo muri laboratwari, cyane cyane ibisuzuma amazi yo mu bwonko, bishobora kugaragaza ikibazo cya BBB mu buryo butaziguye. Ariko, akenshi indwara ziterwa no kwangirika kwa BBB ziboneka zifite ibindi bimenyetso bitajyanye n’urusobe rw’indwara.

Impuguke ubu zirimo kugerageza kureba niba zishobora kugabanya BBB by'agateganyo zikoresheje uburyo bwitwa magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound. Ibyo nibishoboka, uduce tumwe na tumwe two mu bwonko tuzashobora kwivanga n'amaraso kandi tukamenyekana byoroshye. Wenda utwo duce dushobora kuba ingenzi mu gutahura hakiri kare ibintu nka kanseri yo mu bwonko, indwara ya Alzheimer, n'indwara ya Parkinson. Bishobora kandi gufasha imiti imwe n'imwe kwinjira mu bwonko kugira ngo ivure ibintu nka kanseri. Ariko, ubu bushakashatsi buracyari mu ntangiriro. Hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ibi bishoboka koko.

Ese hari uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura bugamije kugabanya amaraso n'ubwonko (BBB)?

Muri iki gihe, nta buryo bwo kuvura bwibasira umuyoboro w'amaraso n'ubwonko (BBB). Ahubwo, abaganga bavura indwara zishobora guhungabanya umuyoboro w'amaraso n'ubwonko. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Imiti ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cholesterol nyinshi, cyangwa isukari nyinshi mu maraso.
• Ubuvuzi bwo gusubiza amaraso mu bwonko nyuma y’indwara yo mu bwonko yitwa ischemic stroke, ibaho iyo amaraso agana igice cy’ubwonko ahagaze bitewe no kuziba k’imitsi y’amaraso.
• Imiti igabanya ububabare.
• Kuvura kanseri yo mu bwonko.

Ni iki nakora kugira ngo mbungabunge ubuzima bw'umuyoboro wanjye w'amaraso n'ubwonko (BBB)?

Mu by’ukuri, nta buryo bwo gukumira mu buryo butaziguye ihungabana rya `(BBB)`. Ahubwo, ikintu cyiza cyo gukora ni ukwirinda ibintu bishobora guhungabanya `(BBB)`. Dore bimwe mu bintu ushobora gukora:

• Kurya indyo yuzuye no kugumana ibiro byiza. Indwara zigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'amaraso, cyane cyane indwara yo gucika intege, zishobora guhungabanya uruziga rw'amaraso n'ubwonko. Kugumana ibiro byiza bikubereye no guhindura indyo yawe ukurikije inama za muganga ni ingenzi cyane. Ibi bishobora gufasha kwirinda indwara yo gucika intege, cyangwa byibuze gutinda cyangwa kugabanya ubukana bwayo. Binafasha kurinda indwara yo gucika intege nke.
• Ntukirengagize indwara zandura.Indwara zandurira mu bice nk'amaso n'amatwi zishobora gukwirakwira no gutera ububyimbirwe, bigahungabanya BBB. Iyo bibaye, iyo ndwara ishobora kwinjira mu bwonko igatera indwara zikomeye, ndetse zikanahitana abantu.
• Ambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda. Gukomereka mu mutwe bishobora kwangiza BBB. Kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda - cyane cyane ingofero n'imikandara yo mu modoka (cyangwa izindi myenda yo kwirinda) iyo uri mu modoka - bishobora gufasha gukumira imvune zo mu mutwe zishobora kwangiza BBB yawe.
• Gucunga uburwayi bwawe. Indwara z'igihe kirekire nka Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cholesterol nyinshi, n'igicuri bishobora kwangiza BBB n'imitsi y'amaraso iyikikije. Gucunga izi ndwara, haba hakoreshejwe imiti cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo kuvura, ni intambwe y'ingenzi ushobora gutera kugira ngo urinde umuyoboro w'amaraso n'ubwonko bwawe.

Ni gute abaganga bakoresha ibyo bazi ku muyoboro w’amaraso n’ubwonko (BBB)?

""(BBB)" yawe ni ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu kuvura indwara nyinshi imbere no hanze y'ubwonko. Kuko, niba uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura - cyane cyane imiti - bushobora kunyura muri ""(BBB)"`, bushobora kugira ingaruka ku bwonko bwawe mu buryo butaziguye.

Hari igihe abaganga bagomba gukora ku bijyanye na BBB. Ibyo biterwa nuko BBB rimwe na rimwe ikora neza neza ibyo igomba gukora! Imiti ishobora kuvura indwara zandurira mu bwonko cyangwa kanseri ishobora kutabasha kunyura muri BBB.

Nk'igisubizo, impuguke zikoresha imiti yagenewe byihariye kugira ngo irenge BBB. Kimwe na "Trojan horse approach," iyo miti "ishyirwa" ku turemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri cyangwa ku tundi duce dushobora kunyura muri BBB tugashyikirizwa ubwonko. Ni abahanga cyane, si byo se?

Dukoresha kandi uburyo bwacu bwite bwo gukoresha imiti karemano kugira ngo twirinde BBB. Urugero rwiza rw'ibi ni ikoreshwa ry'umuti wa levodopa mu kuvura indwara ya Parkinson. Indwara ya Parkinson ibaho iyo ibice by'ubwonko bidafite dopamine ihagije, ikenewe kugira ngo imitsi igende neza. Dopamine ntishobora kwambuka BBB, ariko levodopa irashobora kwambuka. Iyo imaze kwinjira mu bwonko, levodopa ihinduka dopamine. Ibi bigabanya ibimenyetso by'indwara ya Parkinson.

Ni nde wavumbuye urusobe rw'amaraso n'ubwonko (BBB)? Baruvumbuye bate niba ari ruto cyane?

Amasoko menshi avuga ko kuvumbura uru ruhare byaturutse ku bahanga mu bya siyansi nka Paul Ehrlich cyangwa Max Lewandowsky mu mpera za 1800 no mu ntangiriro za 1900. Ariko, ijambo "uruhare rw'amaraso n'ubwonko" ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu nyandiko yo mu 1921 yanditswe na Lina Shtern (rimwe na rimwe yanditswe "Stern") wo mu Burusiya (ubu ni Lativiya) n'umuganga w'Umusuwisi Raymond Gautier.

Ubushakashatsi bwa Stern na Gautier bwashyigikiwe n'amashusho ya mbere ya mikorosikopi ya elegitoroniki yafashwe mu myaka ya 1960 na 1970, yasobanuye neza imiterere ya BBB mu bwonko bw'inyamaswa n'ubw'abantu.

Amaherezo, icyo ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Urusobe rw'amaraso n'ubwonko (BBB) ​​​​ni urwego rw'uturemangingo tuzengurutse imiyoboro y'amaraso mu bice byinshi by'ubwonko bwawe kandi gakora nk'akayunguruzo. Ni urukuta rw'ingenzi cyane rurinda ubwonko bwacu. Rufasha mu gukumira ibibi byinshi n'ibyiza byinshi.

Ariko, ibi ntabwo byuzuye. Indwara nyinshi zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri ibi. Nanone, abaganga bagomba kwitondera iyi ""(BBB)"" mu gihe bavura indwara aho ari ho hose mu mubiri, atari ubwonko gusa.

Nubwo impuguke zavumbuye byinshi kuri BBB, hakenewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza uko ikora. Gusobanukirwa imikorere yayo imbere bishobora gufungura inzira yo kubona uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura indwara nyinshi zifitanye isano n'ubwonko. Icyo gihe, BBB yawe izaba inzitizi ku bintu bikugirira nabi, ntabwo izaba inzitizi ku buvuzi burimo kugufasha. Rero, ntukibagirwe ko kwita ku buzima bwawe muri rusange bizafasha mu buryo butaziguye kurinda ubuzima bw'iyi BBB!

Uruzitiro rw'amaraso n'ubwonko, Uburinzi bw'ubwonko, Imiyoboro y'amaraso y'ubwonko, Udutsi duto tw'imitsi, Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ubwonko, Imikorere ya BBB