Ese wigeze wumva ikizamini cya Apo B kugira ngo umenye neza icyo cholesterol yawe ari cyo?

Ushobora kuba warumvise iby'iki kizamini cya Apo B (apolipoprotein B). Cyangwa wenda ni ikintu gishya. Ariko, iki ni ikizamini cy'amaraso kikubwira amakuru menshi y'ingenzi ku buzima bw'umutima wacu. None se, reka tubiganireho uyu munsi mu buryo bworoshye ushobora kumva? Nk'aho uganira n'inshuti.

Mu by'ukuri Apo B ni iki? Ipima iki?

Mu magambo make, Apo B ni poroteyine iri mu maraso yacu. Izina ryayo ni Apolipoprotein B-100 . Itwara ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu maraso yacu. Ariko kandi inatwara cholesterol "mbi". Ese wigeze wumva cholesterol ya LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) ? Ni cyo twita "cholesterol mbi." Kandi ubwoko bwitwa VLDL (Very Low-Density Lipoprotein) nabwo bugendana n'iyi Apo B.

Tekereza nka bisi. Cholesterol mbi gusa (LDL, VLDL) inyura muri iyi bisi. Cholesterol nziza, ni ukuvuga HDL (High-Density Lipoproteins) , ntabwo inyura muri iyi bisi. Rero, kwiyongera k'ingano ya Apo B mu maraso bivuze ko hari utunyangingo twinshi twa cholesterol mbi. Iyi cholesterol mbi ni yo yinjizwa ku nkuta z'imitsi yacu y'amaraso, igakora urukurikirane rukomeye rw'ibinure twita "plaque" . Uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi miyoboro ishobora kuziba imitsi y'amaraso no kubuza amaraso gutembera. Icyo gihe ni bwo ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'indwara z'imitsi y'amaraso (twita ibyago by'indwara z'umutima n'imitsi ) byiyongera.

Abaganga bamwe bavuga ko ikizamini cya Apo B gishobora gutanga ishusho nyayo y’ibyago by’indwara z’umutima kurusha ikizamini gisanzwe cya cholesterol (tucyita Lipid Panel ). Kubera ko buri gace k’cholesterol mbi gafite molekile imwe ya Apo B. Kubwibyo, urebye umubare wa Apo B, ushobora kumenya neza umubare w’agace k’cholesterol mbi.

Ikizamini cya Apo B gikorwa ryari?

Hari ibihe byinshi aho muganga ashobora kugusaba gukora ikizamini cya Apo B:

• Niba ushaka kumenya neza ibyago byo kurwara umutima wawe, hari igihe ibisubizo byoroheje bya cholesterol bidatanga ishusho yuzuye. Ibi ni ingirakamaro nk'inyongera y'amakuru.
• Iki kizamini gishobora kandi gukoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe uburyo umuti ugira akamaro nyuma yo gutangira gufata imiti nka statins kugira ngo ugabanye cholesterol yawe.
• Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko kuri bamwe mu bantu, cyane cyane abafite indwara ya metabolike cyangwa diyabete , ikizamini cya Apo B gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cyiza cy’ibyago by’indwara z’umutima kuruta lipide panel. Ibi biterwa nuko utunyangingo twa cholesterol ya LDL muri aba bantu dushobora kuba duto cyangwa twinshi, bigatuma bigorana kumenya neza ibyago bishingiye ku rugero rwa LDL gusa.

Tekereza, byaba ari ingirakamaro gute iyo rimwe na rimwe tubasha kumenya ko dushobora kurwara indwara mbere yuko tugaragaza ibimenyetso? Ibyo ni byo iki kizamini cya Apo B gikora.

Witegura ute iki kizamini cya Apo B? Urashaka gukora ikintu gikomeye?

Wibuke ibi:

• Niba ukora ikizamini cya Apo B gusa, ntugomba kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha menshi.
• Ariko, akenshi, Lipid Panel ikorwa hamwe n'iki kizamini cya Apo B. Niba urimo gukora Lipid Panel, ntugomba kurya cyangwa kunywa ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose mu gihe cy'amasaha agera kuri 12. Nta kibazo kunywa amazi. Mu by'ukuri, kunywa amazi menshi mbere yo gufata amaraso byorohereza umuntu ufata amaraso kubona umutsi.
• Ku munsi w'ikizamini, ni byiza kwambara ishati y'amaboko magufi. Muri ubwo buryo, ntuzahangayikishwa no kuzingira amaboko maremare.

Bigenda bite iyo ukoze ikizamini? Hari ikintu cyo gutinya?

Ibi biroroshye cyane. Ni kimwe n'ibyo ukora iyo utanze amaraso.

1. Ubwa mbere, uzicara ku ntebe hanyuma usabwe kurambura ukuboko kwawe. Ushobora gushyira ukuboko kwawe ku gice cyo ku ruhande rw'intebe.

2. Hanyuma, umukandara wa rubber (tourniquet) uhambirwa neza ku ruhu rwo hejuru y'ukuboko kwawe. Ibi bigabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso kandi bigatuma imitsi igaragara neza.

3. Hanyuma, aho urushinge ruzashyirwa hasukurwa hakoreshejwe ikintu nk'inzoga.

4. Noneho urushinge ruto rurashyirwa mu mutsi.

5. Amaraso make anyuzwa muri urwo rushinge mu icupa rito (umuyoboro).

Nibyo rwose! Nta cyo ugomba gutinya. Bimeze nk'aho ari agakoko gato kakuruma.

Ni iki wakwitega nyuma y'ikizamini?

Nyuma yo gufata ikizamini cy'amaraso, umuforomo cyangwa umufasha w'umuganga azakora ibi bikurikira:

• Akuraho umukandara wa kabutura wari uhambiriye ku kuboko kwe.
• Urushinge rukurwamo n'intoki.
• Aho urushinge rwashyizwe hashyirwa hasi hakoreshejwe ipamba cyangwa gaze igihe gito.
• Hanyuma hashyirwa agatambaro gato (kashobora gukurwaho nyuma y'umunsi).

Abantu benshi ntibagira ikibazo na kimwe bumva nyuma yo gutanga amaraso kandi bashobora gukomeza gukora nk'uko bisanzwe. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kumva bameze nk'abazunguza cyangwa bacitse intege. Iyo bikubayeho, icara umwanya muto kugeza igihe uzumva umeze neza. Ushobora kubona uruhutse umanutse umutwe wawe hagati y'amavi yawe wicaye, cyangwa unywa amazi cyangwa ikinyobwa cy'imbuto.

Niba uhora wumva umeze nk'ufite isereri mu gihe utanga amaraso, ni byiza ko hari umuntu ugutwara.

Aho amaraso yakuwe hashobora guhinduka ubururu kandi hagasa n'igisebe mu minsi ibiri cyangwa itatu. Witondere gukora ku kuboko kwawe kugeza igihe igisebe gikize.

Ni ibihe bisubizo tubona? Bitubwira iki?

Ibisubizo byawe bya Apolipoprotein B-100 bikunze gutangwa muri mililitiro kuri desilita (mg/dL). Iki gipimo gishobora kuva kuri 20 kugeza kuri 400 mg/dL.

• Niba igipimo cya Apo B kiri hejuru ya 130 mg/dL, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima n'indwara z'imitsi y'amaraso.

Dukurikije amabwiriza ya bamwe mu baganga b'indwara z'umutima, ni byiza ko urugero rwa Apo B ruguma ruri munsi ya 65 mg/dL cyangwa 80 mg/dL ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 40 na 75 bafata imiti ya statin kugira ngo bagabanye cholesterol.

Ni iki gipimo gisanzwe cya Apo B?

Igipimo mpuzandengo cya Apo B ku muntu muzima ni iki gikurikira:

• Abagabo: hagati ya 66 na 133 mg/dL
• Igitsina gore: hagati ya 60 na 117 mg/dL

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera kwiyongera k'urugero rwa Apo B?

Ibisubizo byawe bya Apo B bishobora kuba biri hejuru kubera impamvu zikurikira:

• Mu gihe cyo gutwita.
• Kolesteroli nyinshi.
• Indwara ziterwa n'impyiko nka nephrotic syndrome .

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera urugero rwa Apo B ruke?

Ibisubizo byawe bya Apo B bishobora kuba bike kubera impamvu zikurikira:

• Indwara ikomeye nka sepsis .
• Indwara y'umwijima.
• Gufata imisemburo ya estrogen .

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo umenye ibisubizo by'ibizamini?

Bishobora gufata iminsi myinshi kugira ngo ibisubizo by'ikizamini cya Apo B bigaruke. Laboratwari zose si zimwe. Rero, baza muganga wawe igihe ushobora kwitega ibisubizo.

Ni iki cyakorwa nyuma yaho niba hari ibitagenda neza mu bisubizo?

Niba igipimo cya Apo B kiri hejuru, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha inama nk'iyo cholesterol mbi ya LDL (cholesterol mbi) yawe iri hejuru.

Ibi bishobora kuba birimo:

• Gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nibura iminota 30 ku munsi.
• Ni byiza gushyira imbuto n'imboga mu mirire yawe.
• Kugabanya ibinure byuzuye mu biribwa.
• Kugumana ibiro bizima bikwiranye n'uburebure bwawe.
• Kureka burundu gukoresha ibikomoka ku itabi (nk'itabi).
• Gufata imiti igabanya cholesterol.

Ibi byose bikorwa kugira ngo umutima wawe ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza.

Ese Apo B na LDL ni kimwe?

Oya, Apo B na LDL ntabwo ari ibintu bimwe. Ariko, kumenya ingano ya Apo B ufite mu maraso yawe bishobora kuguha igitekerezo cyiza cy'ingano ya cholesterol mbi (LDL) ufite mu maraso yawe. Kuko, nk'uko twabivuze mbere, Apo B ni yo itwara utu duce twa LDL.

Iki kizamini cya Apo B gisanzwe gitwara angahe?

Ikiguzi cy'iki kizamini gishobora gutandukana bitewe na laboratwari. Biterwa kandi niba ufite ubwishingizi. Rero, ni byiza kubaza muganga wawe cyangwa laboratwari amakuru arambuye.

Ibintu by'ingenzi tugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Kumenya ibyago byawe byo kurwara indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi bishobora kugufasha gufata ibyemezo bifatika ku buzima bwawe. Niba muganga wawe ashaka kumenya byinshi ku byago byawe kurusha uko ikizamini cyoroshye cya cholesterol (Lipid Panel) gishobora gutanga, ashobora gutegeka ko upimwa ikizamini cya Apo B.

Iki ni ikizamini cyoroheje cyane cy'amaraso, ariko gishobora kuguha amakuru menshi y'ingenzi ukeneye kugira ngo ubeho ubuzima bwiza, cyangwa ugire impinduka nto mu mibereho yawe.

Niba ufite ikibazo ku bisubizo byawe cyangwa uburyo wavuwe, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga wawe. Ntutinye kubaza. Kuko ibi byose ni ukugira ngo ugire ubuzima bwiza.

Apo B, apolipoprotein B, cholesterol, indwara z'umutima, LDL, VLDL, isuzuma ry'amaraso, indwara z'umutima n'imitsi